Ni iki cyafasha ifaranga ry’u Rwanda: Ese ni uguhindura inoti zayo,ni ukuzamura igipimo cy’inyungu fatizo cyangwa ni ukongera umusaruro? Uko mbibona

Umwanditsi: Mwalimu HAKIZIMANA Maurice

Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda imaze igihe igerageza gukora ibyo ishoboye byose ngo irwane ku gaciro k’ifaranga ry’u Rwanda. Cyane cyane kuva mu mwaka wa 2024 ni bwo Guverineri wa Banki nkuru (Ikigega gikuru) y’u Rwanda bwana John Rwangombwa yemeye ku mugaragaro ko irinyarwanda ryataye agaciro cyane ku kigero kidasanzwe cya 16 % mu mwaka umwe gusa! 

Soma: Ifaranga ry’u Rwanda ryataye agaciro muri uyu mwaka: Guta agaciro k’ifaranga biterwa n’iki?

Mu mwaka wakurikiyeho wa 2025 ni bwo madamu Soraya Hakuziyaremye guverineri wa Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda yatangaje ko yazamuye inyungu fatizo (key rate) iyishyira kuri 7.25% ivuye kuri 6.75%.

Soma nanone:BNR yatumbagije inyungu fatizo iyivana kuri 6.75 % iyigeza kuri 7.25%:Bisobanura iki? Birahindura iki ku buzima busanzwe?

Mu mwaka wa 2026 Banki nkuru yafashe ikindi cyemezo cyo gushyira mu ngiro umwanzuro wafashwe n’inama y’abaminisitiri mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2025 wo gukura inoti zimwe na zimwe z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda mu baturage.

Iyi myanzuro yose igamije kubungabunga ifaranga ry’u Rwanda. Icyakora, nk’uko nabyanditseho kenshi (reba inyandiko hano igira iti Ifaranga ry’u Rwanda ryataye agaciro cyane muri uyu mwaka: Guta agaciro k’ifaranga biterwa n’iki? hamwe n’indi wasoma hano igira iti BNR yatumbagije inyungu fatizo iyivana kuri 6.75 % iyigeza kuri 7.25%:Bisobanura iki? Birahindura iki ku buzima busanzwe?) iyi myanzuro yo mu nama no mu biro ni myiza ariko rwose ntihagije kugirango agaciro k’ifaranga frw ke guhungabana.

(1) Ese icyemezo cyo guhindura inoti zimwe na zimwe kizafasha kubungabunga agaciro k’ifaranga?

Icyemezo cyatangajwe tariki ya 28 Ugushyingo 2025 mu nama y’Abaminisitiri. BNR yavuze ko abaturage bahawe amezi 12 yo kuba bahinduza inoti bafite iwabo cyangwa bagakoresha izo noti zigashira mbere y’uko zivanwa burundu mu ikoreshwa. Bivuze ko uyu mwaka wa 2026 ugeze mu kwezi kwa 3 kwawo ari bwo izo noti zizaba zigenda ziva mu ikoreshwa buhoro buhoro kugeza igihe ntarengwa kirangiye.

Inoti zizakurwaho ni iz’amafaranga 500 zakozwe guhera mu 2004-2013, iza 1000Frw zakozwe guhera mu 2004-2015, iza 2000Frw zakozwe mu 2007 hamwe n’iza 5000Frw zakozwe mu 2004-2009.Igihe ntarengwa cy’uko izi noti zishaje kuba zitagikoreshwa ni amezi 12, nyuma y’icyo gihe, inoti zakuweho ntizizongera kugira agaciro mu Rwanda.

Impamvu nyamukuru yo kuzihindura ni ukongera umutekano w’ifaranga,gukura mu nzira inoti zishaje cyane, kubungabunga ifaranga ry’igihugu no kuririndira umutekano.Ibyo bikubiyemo:

• Kurinda ubujura n’ikorwa ry’inoti z’impimbano
• Kugira amafaranga meza kandi asukuye mu buzima bwa buri munsi
• Kongerera icyizere ifaranga ry’u Rwanda mu bukungu
• Korohereza ibikorwa by’imari n’ubucuruzi

Kuri iyi ngingo,guhindura inoti ntacyo bifasha cyane mu kuryongerera agaciro. N’ubwo igihugu cyahindura inoti cyangwa kigashyiraho izindi nshya, niba kigitumiza hanze ibicuruzwa byinshi kurusha ibyo cyoherezayo,niba kitabasha kwitunga umwaka umwe gusa mu ngengo yacyo y’imali, ifaranga rishobora gukomeza guta agaciro.

Ifaranga si ziriya note,ifaranga ni icyo ziriya note zigura.Navuga nti gukuraho inoti zishaje ni ingamba z’imicungire y’ifaranga, ariko agaciro karyo kazamurwa cyane n’imbaraga z’ubukungu bw’igihugu muri rusange.

(2) Ni iki cyakorwa ngo ifaranga ry’u Rwanda ntirite agaciro kandi ubukungu bwe guhungabana?

2.1 Kongera umusaruro w’ibihingwa ngengabukungu

Dushingiye ku ihame rizwi cyane mu bukungu rya offre et demande, demand & supply, iyo igihugu kirya cyane (consommation) ibirenze ibyo gisarura cyangwa iyo igihugu gitumiza mu mahanga ibirenze cyane ibyo cyo kihacuruza ifaranga ryacyo rita agaciro kuko kiba cyaritanze ku bwinshi ngo kibone amadovize (amafaranga mpuzamahanga) yo kujya kuranguza no gutumiza hanze! Ng’uko muri make uko ifaranga ricika intege!

Inama nziza Banki nkuru yakurikiza, ni ukongera ingufu mu bihingwa ngengabukungu urugero nk’ikawa,ibireti,icyayi, n’ibindi no kongera ingufu mu nganda zikora ibyo amahanga akeneye atabona ahandi. U Rwanda rusanzwe rubyitaho ariko si cyane.

Urugero,ikawa y’u Rwanda yoherezwa mu mahanga buri gihe igenda idatunganyijwe,bityo ikinjiza amadovize make ugereranyije. Kuki nta ruganda rwayifata yose,rukayitunganyiriza,rukayicuruza ihita inyobwa? Urwo ni urugero ruto gusa,icyayi nacyo ni uko,ibireti ni uko n’ibindi bihingwa. Urugero,amata y’u Rwanda n’ubwo ari make ariko atunganyirizwa mu gihugu,agasukurwa,agapfunyikwa uyaguze agahita ayanywa.Yaba ay’ifu cyangwa asukika.Ni ikintu cyiza cyane.

Ikawa y’u Rwanda

Icyayi cy’u Rwanda

Ibireti by’u Rwanda

Ibireti ni kimwe mu bihingwa ngengabukungu bihingwa mu majyaruguru y’u Rwanda mu Ruhengeri na Gisenyi mu turere twa Burera, Rubavu, Nyabihu na Musanze.

Ibireti bivamo umushongi ukorwamo imiti yica udukoko two mu mirima twangiza imyaka n’imiti irwanya ibyonnyi bitari ibyo mu mirima gusa ahubwo byibasira n’imyaka aho ihunitse. Iyo miti irwanya kandi udusimba dukwirakwiza udukoko dutera indwara nka malariya na trypanosomiase indwara iterwa n’umubu wa tsé tsé . Ibireti bikorwamo imiti yica udukoko twose twaba utw’amatungo nk’ ibirondwe, cyangwa utwo mu bantu bagira isuku nke nk’imbaragasa, inda,imperi (ibiheri), n’ibindi.

Ibi byose bikozwe neza,bigatunganyirizwa mu gihugu imbere aho kubigurisha bikiri produits bruts (bitaratunganywa) byabyongerera agaciro,bikongera akazi,kandi bikinjiza ya madovize menshi.

2.2 Gufasha abaturage kongera umusaruro w’ibihingwa ngandurarugo

N’ubwo igihugu kigomba kongera ingufu mu bihingwa ngengabukungu ariko,hadashyizwe imbaraga muri gahunda z’ubuhinzi bw’ibihingwa ngandurarugo nko ha mbere,byaba ari ukuvomera mu gitobotse. Nk’uko nabivuze haruguru,ihame ryoroshye mu bukungu ryitwa offre et demande, demand & supply  rivuga ko iyo igihugu gihora gihaha ibyo abaturage bacyo barya cyangwa bakarya ibirenze ibyo gisarura ubukungu burahababarira.

Ba “gronomu”(agronomes) ba za segiteri (secteurs/imirenge) bongere bamanuke mu mirima bafashe abaturage kurwanya isuri,kuhira imyaka,gukoresha amafumbire y’imborera na mvaruganda n’ibindi!

Minisiteri y’ubuhinzi n’ikigo cya RAB (yahoze yitwa ISAR) bishishikarize abaturage guhinga ibyo kubatunga mbere na mbere. Gushyira abaturage mu buhinzi ngengabukungu kandi badafite umusaruro wabatunga,ibyo bahinze bigatwarwa byose n’abashoramali maze abo bahinzi bakagaruka guhaha ibyo kurya by’ibanze ku giciro cyo hejuru ntabwo bifasha ubukungu.

Soma: Ikivugo cy’“igishyimbo”

Soma:Inyama n’igishyimbo byahuye

2.3 Gukoresha gusa ifaranga ry’igihugu mu gihugu imbere mu guhaha no mu kwishyurana

Kwanga gukoresha ifaranga ry’igihugu mu gihugu imbere bituma ifaranga ry’igihugu rita agaciro. Urugero ni igihe n’abaturage b’igihugu ubwabo imbere banga cyangwa bazinukwa ifaranga ryabo bakishima iyo babitse idolari cyangwa iyero mu mifuka yabo! Hari n’abafunguza za konti z’amadolari mu gihugu imbere!

Ejo bundi banavuze ba nyiribyondo (landlords) banga kwishyurwa mumafaranga y’igihugu kuko babona nta gaciro afite. None se uwabitse idolari mu mwaka umwe n’uwabitse amanyarwanda ninde wungutse ?

2.4 Amafaranga yoherezwa n’abanyagihugu baba mu mahanga

Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga hamwe na Minisiteri y’Ubumwe bifite inshingano yo kubungabunga ubumwe bw’abenegihugu baba mu mahanga,kubakundisha igihugu cyabo,kubaha ituze n’umutekano igihe baje gushira imali no kubaka iwabo,no kutabaryanisha.

Nk’uko Banki y’Isi ibivuga, amafaranga yoherezwa buri kwezi n’abakozi bimukira mu bihugu bakomokamo yageze hafi miliyari 900 z’amadolari mu 2024.Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda ivuga ko amafaranga yoherejwe mu Rwanda n’abanyarwanda baba hanze asaga miliyoni 517 z’amadolari ni ukuvuga 752 016 826 000,00 Frw (miliyari zirenga 752 z’amanyarwanda)

Banki Nkuru y’igihugu yivugira ko mu mwak awa 2024 amafaranga abanyarwanda baba hanze ku mpamvu izo ari zo zose boherereza imiryango yabo cyangwa bohereza mu bikorwa byabo mu Rwanda arenga 517.000.000.00 z’amadolari ni ukuvuga 752 016 826 000,00 Frw (miliyari zirenga 752 z’amanyarwanda). Abanyagihugu bose biyumvisemo ituze kurushahoi bashobora gukuba gatatu uwo mubare kandi aya ni amahirwe menshi ku gihugu.

Ria, Western Union, MoneyGram : ni bumwe mu buryo bumenyerewe bwo kohererezanya amafaranga

2.5 Guha agaciro imyuga mito mito,ubucuruzi buto buto,inganda ziciriritse

Imyuga mito mito, ubucuruzi buto buto n’inganda ziciriritse ni inkingi ikomeye y’iterambere ry’igihugu kuko bitanga akazi, bigabanya ubukene, bikongera umusaruro w’ubukungu kandi bigateza imbere abaturage.

Iyi myuga n’ubucuruzi budasora cyangwa busora make bituma abaturage cyane cyane urubyiruko, baticara ubusa, amafaranga akiyongera mu mifuka, mu miryango, kandi bikongera iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’Igihugu cy’ u Rwanda.

Imyuga mito mito ituma mu mifuka y’abaturage hahoramo ifaranga ry’igihugu bigatuma ridahungabana

Mu ngamba za Leta hagombye kuzamo amashuri y’imyuga y’igihe gito (centres de formations) yo kwigisha abanyagihugu bose ikigero cy’imyaka yabo cyose mu turere twose imyuga ibafasha kwiteza imbere.Ingero:

• Ubudozi
• Ububaji
• Gusudira
• Ububumbyi
• Ubucuruzi bwo mu maduka mato
• Gukora za resitora nto
• Gutunganya imisatsi n’inzara
• Inganda nto zitunganya umusaruro w’ubuhinzi
• Ubudozi bw’inkweto n’isakoshi
• N’indi myinshi tutarondora ngo turangize

Urugero rw’ishuri ry’imyunga ry’igihe gito(centre de formation): hano abakiri bato bari kwiga gusudira no gukora ibyuma (menuiserie métallique)

(3) Umwanzuro

Ntabwo ubukungu bw’igihugu no kurinda agaciro k’ifaranga bizazanwa gusa n’ibyemezo by’inama z’abaminisitiri cyangwa bya guverineri wa Banki nkuru y’igihugu.Ntibizazanwa no gucapa inoti nshya gusa cyangwa kongera inyungu fatizo (key rate).

Ushaka kubaka ubukungu buhamye ateza imbere ubuhinzi ngandurarugo na ngengabukungu,ku buryo igihugu cyabasha kwihaza hadatumijwe byinshi mu mahanga, kigateza imbere ubworozi bwa byose, kigateza imbere inganda nto inini n’ubukorikori (ububaji,ubucuzi,ububumbyi,gusudira…), ikoranabuhanga rigashingira ku by’imbere, kigaha abanyagihugu amasoko ku buryo abanyamahanga badahambira amafaranga yacyo ngo bayijyanire (imihanda,ibiraro,ubwubatsi,…) bigahabwa abanyagihugu bahembwa mu mafaranga y’igihugu,kandi abantu bakigishwa guhahisha ay’igihugu no kwishyurana kuri konti aho kuba mu ntoki (urugero: ino mu Bufaransa iyo wishyuye arenze amayero 1000 mu ntoki ntibayakira)!

Hari imyuga myinshi yakorwa n’abakiri bato badafite za diplômes

Ibyo byose bisaba guhindura politike ngari y’ubuhinzi, y’ubworozi, y’ifaranga, gufata ingamba zo kureka abaturage bagakora uturimo twose tuzana inyungu,bagacuruza utuntu tworoheje dutuma ifaranga ribazengurukamo, ibihingwa ngengabukungu bikongererwa umusaruro, bigatunganyirizwa mu gihugu kandi bikawongerera agaciro.

Ikawa ya Maraba-Café de Maraba itunganyijwe neza

Ni byiza ko u Rwanda rwashyize imbere ibyo gukurura ba mukerarugendo,ibyo bikomeje byaba byiza,hakiyongeraho gushishikariza abanyagihugu baba mu mahanga gukomeza gushora mu gihugu no koherereza bene wabo,tutibagiwe no kubana neza n’ibihugu bituranyi,guhahirana,no gusangira umusaruro w’Akarere Kose binyuze mu gufungura imipaka hakabaho isoko rusange.

Muri make,ibikorwa bitanga umusaruro mwinshi imbere mu gihugu bikaruta ugurwa hanze yacyo nibyo bizazamura ubukungu. Indi myanzuro iva mu manama ikaza ari iyo gufasha no gushyira mu bikorwa icyazamura uwo musaruro munzego zose.

Umusaruro mwinshi uva imbere mu gihugu niwo shingiro ry’ubukungu no kudahunganana kw’ifaranga ryacyo

Nanone wasoma: Amateka y’inzara mu Rwanda yaba ari kwisubiramo? Dore Amateka y’inzara zabicaga bigacika ku ngoma za cyami

Iyi si,

Umwanditsi: Mwalimu HAKIZIMANA Maurice

KWAMAMAZA

 TIDAS – Traduction (guhindura mu ndimi inyandiko), Interprétariat (gusemura) &Accompagnement dans vos démarches d’asile et de séjour en France” (gufasha byose mu bijyanye n’amadosiye asaba ubuhunzi, gutura, no kubona ibyangombwa byose byo gukorera no kuba mu Bufaransa)

Murakaza neza muri TIDAS

Intego yacu: gufasha abanyamahanga baba mu Bufaransa guhangana n’imbogamizi z’ururimi n’iz’ibyangombwa byose.

Serivisi zacu:

 Itumanaho n’ubusemuzi mu gihe cyo guhura n’abategetsi cyangwa gushyira ku murongo dosiye zawe
 Kugufasha dosiye zo gusaba ubuhungiro

 Ubufasha bwose mu bijyanye n’amadosiye yo gutura, no kubona ibyangombwa byose byo gukorera,kwiga no kuba mu Bufaransa

Hamwe na TIDAS, ubona serivisi ya kinyamwuga, yemewe n’amategeko; yita ku bantu kandi yizewe.
Twizera ko buri muntu akwiye gutegwa amatwi no gufashwa.

 Twandikire uyu munsi tuvugane ku mushinga wawe kuri (+33) 07 58 90 35 49 cyangwa utwandikire kuri tidasetvous@gmail.com