Author:HAKIZIMANA Maurice
Ku wa 2 Werurwe 2026, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zafashe icyemezo kidasanzwe cyo gufatira ibihano Rwanda Defence Force (RDF) n’abasirikare bane bakuru bayo, zibashinja uruhare mu ntambara ikomeje gusenya uburasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (RDC). Iki cyemezo kigaragaza impinduka zikomeye ziganisha kuri gatanya mu mubano wa Washington na Kigali, wari usanzwe ari mwiza mu gihe cy’imyaka hafi mirongo itatu ishize.
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Nanone wasoma:UBWAMI BW’UBWONGEREZA BUMAZE GUTANGAZA KO BUHAGARITSE INKUNGA KU RWANDA BUNARUFATIRA IBINDI BIHANO
Kanda hano wisomere inyandiko y’umwimerere(mu cyongereza) yasohowe ku mugaragaro mu na U.S. Department of the Treasury ibinyujije mu Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), ku wa 2 Werurwe 2026
0.Itangazo rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika – OFAC: “Treasury Sanctions Rwanda Officials, Condemns Blatant Violations of Washington Peace Accords” (02 Werurwe 2026)naribashyiriye mu Kinyarwanda
WASHINGTON — Uyu munsi, Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) ya Minisiteri y’Imari ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika yafatiye ibihano Rwanda Defence Force (RDF)—Ingabo z’u Rwanda—n’abasirikare bakuru bane bayo. RDF na n’ubu iri gufasha, gutoza no kurwanira hamwe n’umutwe wa M23 (March 23 Movement), umutwe washyiriweho ibihano n’Amerika n’Umuryango w’abibumbye (ONU), kubera ihohoterwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu ndetse no guhungabanya bikomeye abantu benshi muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (RDC). RDF yahaye inkunga M23 ubwo yigaruriraga ibice byo mu burasirazuba bwa RDC, harimo imijyi y’ingenzi nka Goma na Bukavu, n’ahantu hakungahaye ku mutungo kamere. Ibitero bya M23 byashobotse mu by’ukuri kubera inkunga n’ubufatanye bwayo n’ingabo z’u Rwanda RDF n’abasirikare bakuru bakuru.
Perezida Trump ni Perezida w’Amahoro, kandi Minisiteri y’Imari izakoresha ibikoresho byose biri mu bushobozi bwayo kugira ngo impande zose zubahirize inshingano zazo zishingiye ku Masezerano ya Washington, nk’uko Umunyamabanga wa Minisiteri y’Imari, Scott Bessent,yabivuze. Dutegereje ko ingabo zose z’u Rwanda RDF, intwaro zabo zose n’ibikoresho byabo byose bikurwa muri Kongo kandi aka kanya.
Hashize iminsi mike Perezida Donald J. Trump yakiriye Perezida wa RDC, Felix Tshisekedi, na Perezida w’u Rwanda, Paul Kagame, mu gusinya Itangazo Rusange ku Masezerano ya Washington ku Mahoro n’Iterambere (“Amasezerano ya Washington”), M23 yigaruriye Uvira, umujyi w’ingenzi uri ku mupaka wa RDC na Burundi. Iki gitero cya gisirikare cyatumye hicwa abasivili benshi ndetse n’ibihumbi by’abaturage bandi bata ibyabo mu bice bitandukanye. Nubwo M23 yaje kuva nyuma muri Uvira, gukomeza kwayo kuba hafi y’umupaka n’u Burundi—hamwe n’inkunga ikomeza guhabwa n’ingabo z’u Rwanda RDF—bishyira mu kaga uko ibintu bihagaze kandi bigaragaza ko intambara yakwiyongera ikagera ku rwego rw’akarere kose. Mu itangazo ryasohowe n’Ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’Ibihugu by’Akarere k’Ibiyaga bigari (International Contact Group for the Great Lakes), Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zasabye ingabo z’u Rwanda RDF gukura ingabo zayo mu burasirazuba bwa RDC.
INGABO Z’U RWANDA: NIZO ZITERA INKUNGA UMUTWE WA M23 MU BURASIRAZUBA BWA RDC
Ingabo z’u Rwanda RDF zatanze inkunga ku bikorwa bya M23 n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo. RDF yagejeje ku rugamba ibikoresho by’ingabo biteye imbere mu burasirazuba bwa RDC, birimo GPS jammers, ibikoresho byo kurinda mu kirere, indege zitagira abapilote (drones), n’ibindi bikoresho. Ibihumbi byinshi by’ingabo za RDF biri ku butaka mu burasirazuba bwa RDC, aho bajya bo ubwabo ku rugamba mu ntambara kandi bagafasha M23 kugenzura ibice bamaze kwigarurira. RDF inatanga amahugurwa ku basirikare ba M23 mu bigo by’ingabo z’u Rwanda RDF kandi igakora ibikorwa byo kwinjiza abashya, harimo no gukururira impunzi mu ntambara.
Bafashijwe na RDF, M23 yishe abantu benshi mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko,ikora ibikorwa byo gufata abagore ku ngufu, no kubakubita. Mu kwezi kwa Mutarama 2025, Ingabo z’u Rwanda RDF zateye ibirindiro by’ingabo za Kongo, ingabo za SADC (Southern African Development Community) muri RDC, ndetse ntizatinya n’ahantu hagenzurwaga na ONU muri RDC. Mu gufatanya bifatika na M23, u Rwanda rwabonye uburyo bwo kugera ku bice by’ubutaka bukungahaye ku mutungo kamere mu burasirazuba bwa RDC, bifasha mu gutera inkunga M23 mu ntambara yayo.
Abasirikare bakuru bafite uruhare mu bikorwa bya RDF:
- Vincent Nyakarundi (Nyakarundi), Umunyarwanda, ni Umwe mu bagaba bakuru b’Ingabo (Chief of Staff) za RDF. Ni umwe mu bayobozi bakuru b’ingabo zirwanira ku butaka, zagize uruhare mu bikorwa bya gisirikare bifasha M23.
- Ruki Karusisi (Karusisi), Umunyarwanda, ni jenerali Majoro akaba Umugaba wa Diviziyo ya 5ᵉ y’Ingabo z’u Rwanda RDF. Yahoze ari Umugaba w’umutwe w’Ingabo Zihariye (Special Operations Force) kandi yayoboraga ibikorwa bya gisirikare bifasha M23.
- Mubarakh Muganga (Muganga), Umunyarwanda, ni we Mugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo zose z’u Rwanda Chief of Defence Staff wa RDF. Mbere yo gushyirwa kuri uyu mwanya muri Kamena 2023, Muganga yari umwe mu bagabo b’ingabo za RDF, aho we ubwe yagize uruhare rukomeye mu gutegura ibikorwa no kuyobora ingabo za RDF mu burasirazuba bwa RDC.
- Stanislas Gashugi (Gashugi), Umunyarwanda, yashyizwe ku mwanya wa Special Operations Force Commander (umugaba mukuru w’umutwe w’ingabo zidasannzwe) wa RDF ku wa 15 Werurwe 2025, asimbuye Karusisi.
RDF yashyizwe kuri uru rutonde hakurikijwe Itegeko rya Perezida (Executive Order) E.O. 13413, ryahinduwe na E.O. 13671, kubera kugira uruhare cyangwa gufatanya mu bikorwa cyangwa politiki byabangamira amahoro, umutekano, cyangwa ituze rya RDC; kandi kubera guha inkunga y’amafaranga, ibikoresho, cyangwa tekinoloji, ndetse n’ibicuruzwa n’ibikorwa bifasha M23. Nyakarundi, Karusisi, Muganga, na Gashugi bashyizwe ku rutonde hakurikijwe E.O. 13413, ryahinduwe, kubera kuba abayobozi ba RDF, urwego cyangwa abagize urwo rwego bafite uruhare mu bikorwa cyangwa politiki byabangamira amahoro, umutekano, cyangwa ituze rya RDC.
INGARUKA Z’IBIHANO
Kubera iki gikorwa cy’uyu munsi, imitungo yose n’inyungu z’imitungo z’abantu cyangwa urwego rwashyizwe ku rutonde cyangwa ruhagarariwe n’abandi bantu muri Amerika cyangwa biri mu maboko cyangwa bigenzurwa n’Abanyamerika birahagaritswe birafatiriwe kandi bigomba gutangazwa muri OFAC. Ibigo byose bifitwe byuzuye cyangwa ku kigero cya 50% cyangwa kirenga n’abantu bafatiwe ibi bihano nabyo birahagarikwa. Nta ruhushya rusange cyangwa rwihariye rwa OFAC bizahabwa abo bantu, amabwiriza ya OFAC abuza ibikorwa byose by’Abanyamerika cyangwa ibindi bikorwa bikorerwa muri Amerika cyangwa imiyoboro yose binyuramo ibintu biri ku mitungo y’abantu cyangwa y’inzego bahagaritswe.
Kurenga ku bihano bya Amerika bizatera guhabwa ibihano by’amategeko cyangwa mpanabyaha ku Banyamerika n’abanyamahanga. Abatari Abanyamerika nabo babujijwe gutera cyangwa gufatanya nabo gukora ibikorwa byabangamira ibihano bya Amerika. OFAC ishobora gutanga ibihano by’amategeko ku buryo bworoshye ku bantu babangamiye ibihano. Ibigo by’imari n’abandi bashobora guhura n’ingaruka z’ibihano bikarishye mu gihe bakora ibikorwa bifitanye isano n’abantu cyangwa ibigo byashyizwe ku rutonde cyangwa byahagaritswe. Ibi bibujijwe birimo gutanga amafaranga, ibicuruzwa, cyangwa serivisi ku bantu cyangwa ibigo byashyizwe ku rutonde, cyangwa kwakira ibyo bikorwa.
Imbaraga n’ubunyangamugayo bw’ibihano bya OFAC bishingira ku bushobozi bwa OFAC bwo gushyira abantu ku rutonde rwa Specially Designated Nationals & Blocked Persons (SDN List) no kubakuraho hakurikijwe amategeko. Intego nyamukuru y’ibihano si uguhana, ahubwo ni uguhatira abafatiwe ibi byemezo guhindura imyitwarire ku buryo bwiza. Amakuru ku bijyanye no gusaba gukurwa ku rutonde rwa OFAC, harimo na SDN List, aboneka mu mabwiriza ya OFAC “Filing a Petition for Removal from an OFAC List.”
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Ingingo bisa: Reuters ivuga ko u Rwanda rufite abasirikare babwo hagati ya 7000 na 12000 mu mutwe wa M23.Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika zishaka ko bose babanza kuva ku butaka bwa Kongo mbere yo gusinya amasezerano y’amahoro
DUSOBANUKIRWE N’IRI TANGAZO N’IBI BIHANO
1. Ni iki? — Imiterere y’ibihano
Ibihano byafashwe na OFAC ya Minisiteri y’Imari ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Birimo:
- Kongera RDF n’abasirikare bane ku rutonde rwa rusanzweho Kabarebe James n’abandi ba M23
- Guhagarika imitungo yose bafite muri Amerika cyangwa iri mu bubasha bw’amategeko ya Amerika;
- Kubuza burundu Abanyamerika cyangwa ibigo byabo kugirana na bo imikoranire iyo ari yo yose.
Ibi bivuze ko amafaranga yabo, ishoramari, imitungo itimukanwa cyangwa indi nyungu yose iri muri sisitemu y’imari ya Amerika ihagaritswe kandi itagishobora gukoreshwa, kwimurwa cyangwa kugenzurwa.
2. Ni bande bireba?
Urwego: Igisirikare cyose cy’u Rwanda
Rwanda Defence Force (RDF) — Ingabo z’u Rwanda zashinzwe mu 2002, zikorera Minisiteri y’Ingabo.
Abasirikare bane bakuru bafatiwe ibihano
Nk’uko byatangajwe na OFAC:
- Stanislas Gashugi — Umugaba w’Ingabo mu mutwe udasanzwe (Commander of Special Forces. Forces).
- Ruki Karusisi — Major General, Umugaba wa Diviziyo ya 5 y’Ingabo zirwanira ku butaka.(Commander of the 5th Infantry Division).
- Mubarakh Muganga (uzwi nka “MK Mubarkh”) — Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo z’u Rwanda zose (Chief of Defence Staff).
- Vincent Nyakarundi — Umwe mu bagaba bakuru b’Ingabo (Chief of Army Staff).
Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zibashinja kugira uruhare rukomeye mu gutera inkunga ya gisirikare umutwe wa M23 ku butaka bwa Kongo.
SOMA: Amasezerano y’amahoro hagati ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (RDC) na Repubulika y’u Rwanda (Inyandiko yose uko yakabaye)
3. Ryatangajwe ryari kandi kubera iki?
Iki cyemezo cyatangajwe ku wa 2 Werurwe 2026, hashize amezi atatu gusa hasinywe amasezerano y’amahoro hagati ya RDC n’u Rwanda abifashijwemo na Amerika (Amasezerano ya Washington, 4 Ukuboza 2025).
Washington ivuga ko:
- Ibikorwa bihuriweho na RDF na M23 byatumye hafatwa imijyi n’ahantu hakungahaye ku mutungo kamere nka coltan.
- N’ubwo ayo masezerano yasinywe, RDF yakomeje gutera inkunga ya gisirikare M23, ituma uyu mutwe wongera kwigarurira no kugenzura ibice byo mu burasirazuba bwa RDC;
- Iyo nkunga yagize uruhare mu ihohoterwa rikomeye ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu n’ibikorwa by’urugomo byibasiye abasivili;
4. Kuki ibi bihano bije ubu?
Iki cyemezo gifashwe mu gihe:
- Amerika ishaka gushimangira kubahiriza ubusugire bwa Kongo no guhagarika imiyoboro yose ivamo imari ifasha M23.
- Ibirego byo kurenga ku masezerano y’amahoro bitakiri ibyo kwirengagiza kuri Washington;
Uruhare cyangwa ingaruka z’ingabo z’u Rwanda mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo birushaho kwemezwa n’impuguke mpuzamahanga;
5.Ibi bihano bikora bite?
Ibihano bya Amerika bikoresha uburyo bubiri bw’ingenzi:
Gufatira imitungo
Imitungo yose, konti za banki, imigabane, ishoramari cyangwa amasezerano bifitwe na Minisiteri y’ingabo; ;igisirikare cy’u Rwanda RDF ubwacyo cyangwa bifitwe n’abasirikare bafatiwe ibihano — niba biri muri Amerika cyangwa bigengwa n’amategeko ya Amerika — birafatirwa ako kanya kandi bihagarikwe gukorwa.
Ibi bishobora kubamo:
- Amafaranga ari muri banki zo muri Amerika cyangwa zifite amashami muri Amerika;
- Ishoramari mpuzamahanga rifitanye isano n’ibigo by’Abanyamerika;
- Amasezerano y’ibikoresho bya gisirikare n’ibigo byo muri Amerika.
Kubuzwa gukorana n’Abanyamerika
Ibigo n’abantu ku giti cyabo b’Abanyamerika — ndetse n’abafatanyabikorwa babo bakoresha sisitemu y’imari ya Amerika — ntibemerewe kongera gukorana cyangwa gushora imari muri RDF cyangwa abo basirikare bane (na Kabarebe James wa gatanu).
6. Ingaruka ku bafatiwe ibihano
Ku basirikare
- Kugorwa no gufungura cyangwa gukoresha konti muri banki mpuzamahanga zifitanye isano na Amerika;
- Guhagarikirwa imitungo iri mu mahanga iyo inyura muri banki zo muri Amerika;
- Kubuzwa gukorana n’ibigo by’Abanyamerika cyangwa bifitanye isano na sisitemu y’imari ya Amerika.
Kuri RDF nk’urwego
- Kwiyongera kw’akato mu by’imari;
- Ingorane mu kugura ibikoresho binyura muri sisitemu z’imari zubahiriza amategeko ya Amerika;
- Kwiyongera kw’igitutu cya politiki na dipolomasi.
Kugeza ubu, ibi bihano si embargo yuzuye (kubuzwa kugura no kugurishwa ibikoresho bya gisirikare) ariko bigabanya cyane ubushobozi bwa Kigali mu by’ubukungu na dipolomasi.
7. Ingaruka ku ntambara yo muri RDC
Ibi bihano bifashwe mu gihe intambara mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo irimo gukara. Impuguke zivuga ko inkunga u Rwanda ruha M23 — cyane cyane ruyiha abasirikare barwana ku butaka, cyangwa ruyiha amakuru y’ubutasi ndetse runayiha ibikoresho byose bishoboka — yagize uruhare mu kwigarurira ibice by’ingenzi no mu ihohoterwa rikomeye ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Amakuru byenda gusa: Liyetona Koloneli Willy Ngoma: Inkuru y’ubuzima bwe,amashuri ye, umuryango we n’ibikorwa bye
Umwanzuro
Ibihano bya Amerika ku gisirikare cy’u Rwanda RDF n’abagaba bayo bakuru ni impinduka ikomeye mu kibazo cy’intambara yo muri RDC. Bihuriza hamwe igitutu cy’ubukungu mpuzamahanga no kugaragaza ku mugaragaro uruhare rushyirwa kuri Kigali mu gutera inkunga M23, mu gihe byibutsa ko hari n’ibihugu bigira uruhare mu ntambara zimaze guhitana ibihumbi by’abantu no gukura mu byabo ama miliyoni y’abasivili.
Nanone wasoma:Intambara muri Kongo DR: Ubwongereza burasaba ko Ingabo z’u Rwanda (RDF) ziva ku butaka bwa Kongo shishi itabona
Umwanditsi:HAKIZIMANA Maurice II Kunkurikira kuri Whatsapp https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaCyM5ILdQejDYwQ2b2u II Kunkurikira kuri facebook: https://www.facebook.com/professormaurice/.
KWAMAMAZA
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