Muri 2024 ni bwo Guverineri wa Banki nkuru (Ikigega gikuru) y’u Rwanda bwana John Rwangombwa yemeye ku mugaragaro ko irinyarwanda ryataye agaciro cyane ku kigero kidasanzwe cya 16 % mu mwaka umwe gusa! Uyu munsi,muri 2025 Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda (National Bank of Rwanda) yatangaje ko yazamuye inyungu fatizo (key rate) irayitumbagiza iyishyira kuri 7.25% ivuye kuri 6.75%.Ibi bisobanura iki mu bukungu bw’igihugu,mu gaciro k’ifaranga, mu mikorere y’ama banki, ariko cyane cyane mu buzima bw’abaturage basanzwe? Harakurikiraho iki? Dore icyo nabivugaho mu bumenyi budahambaye cyane mfite mu by’ubukungu.
Kunkurikira kuri Whatsapp https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaCyM5ILdQejDYwQ2b2u II Kunkurikira kuri facebook: https://www.facebook.com/professormaurice/.
Soma iyindi nyandiko nigeze gukora muri 2024 yakunzwe cyane kuri iyi ngingo y’ugutakaza agaciro k’ifaranga ry’u Rwanda n’icyakorwa ngo bihagarare cyangwa bigende buhoro. Ni ingingo yari ifite umutwe ivuga ngo “Ifaranga ry’u Rwanda ryataye agaciro cyane muri uyu mwaka wa 2024: Guta agaciro k’ifaranga biterwa n’iki? Kanda hano uyisome.
(1) ICYEMEZO CYA BNR CYO GUTUMBAGIZA INYUNGU FATIZO IYIVANA KURI 6.75 % IYIGEZA KURI 7.25% GISOBANURA IKI?
Gisobanura ko BNR ihaye za Banki zose uruhushya rwo kuzamura inyungu ku nguzanyo (loans).Ubu gutanga inguzanyo bigiye kurushaho guhenda.Banki zigiye kuzamura inyungu atari ku nguzanyo gusa ahubwo no ku mafaranga y’ubwizigame.Ibyo birahungabanya ubuzima bwa benshi mu baturage ariko hari bake barabyungukiramo.
(2)BIRAHUNGABANYA GUTE UMUTURAGE USANZWE?
Nabi cyane. Inguzanyo zigiye kubahenda.Abafata inguzanyo zo kugura inzu, imodoka, cyangwa gushora imari mu bucuruzi bwabo bagiye gukubitika kandi bari basanzwe batorohewe.Nanone abafite inguzanyo zifite inyungu ihindagurika bashobora kongezwa amafaranga bishyura buri kwezi.Niba ba nyir’amazu bose barazubatse ku nguzanyo bagiye gutumbagirizwa inyungu za banki nabo bazatumbagiriza abakodesha kandi ibyo bizahungabanya cyane ukodesha. Mu migi abakodesha amazu bakoreramo, batuyemo, cyangwa bakenera rimwe na rimwe ni bo benshi. Na none vuba aha,buri kintu cyose kigiye kongererwa ibiciro : mutuelle de santé (ubwisungane mu kwivuza), imiti,lisansi, transiporo (ubwikorezi bw’ibintu, n’urujya n’uruza rusanzwe),tutibagiwe n’ibiryo, inzoga ,imitobe,amashanyarazi. byose bizatumbagizwa kubera iki cyemezo.
Ni bande bazabyungukiramo? Abazabyungukiramo by’igihe gito ni na bandi babitsa amafaranga muri banki kuri comptes bloqués (amafaranga yiryamira kuri konti imyak an’imyaniko atabikuzwa) cyangwa abikuzwa gake cyane. Bo inyungu bashobora kubona iziyongera.Abo ni bake cyane mu Rwanda,ni bene ba baherwe bafite inganda, cyangwa imiturirwa.
(3) NONE SE SI IBISANZWE KU MIKORERE YA BNR KUZAMURA INYUNGU FATIZO NO KUZIMANURA IGIHE IKIBAZO KIRANGIYE?
Ibyo BNR yakoze ni ibisanzwe mu kazi kayo. Ni cyo ishinzwe.Iyo ibona ibintu byazambye igira icyo ikora ngo bitazamba cyane kurushaho. Iyo ibonye byakemutse igabanyaho kugira ngo abaturage badohorerwe. Muri make, ni ibisanzwe mu mikorere ya za central banks (za banki nkuru z’ibihugu).
Ariko mu Rwanda ho, ntibikunze kubaho ko ubukungu busubirana ngo BNR isubize hasi inyungu fatizo. Cyane cyane kuva mu mwaka wa 2024 BNR yananiwe gusubiranya ibintu.
Dore historique/uko ibintu byagiye bigenda ku bipimo by’inyungu fatizo (key/central bank policy rate) ya Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda mu myaka ya vuba 2024-2026, igaragaza uko byagiye bihinduka kugeza ku cyemezo cya vuba cyo kuyizamura kuri 7.25 %:
- Mu mwaka wa 2024:
- Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda yashyize igipimo cy’inyungu fatizo kuri 6.5 % mu ntangiriro za kabiri z’umwaka kugirango ihangane n’izamuka ry’ibiciro no kubungabunga ubukungu.
- Mu mwaka wa 2025:
- Mu kwa kabiri k’uwo mwaka,Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda yagumye ku gipimo cya 6.5 %,ntiyakimanuye,ariko ntiyakizamuze,yavuze ko gihagije mu kugabanya izamuka ry’ibiciro kandi kikiri mu ntego yayo ya 2%-8%.
- Bigeze tariki 21 z’ukwa 8 uwo mwaka,BNR yahise yivuguruza izamuraho gato icyo gipimo fatizo ikigeza kuri 6.75 % ivuga ko ari mu mezi atatu gusa bigasubira inyuma.Byari mu rwego rwo kubungabunga ifaranga ry’u Rwanda. Hazamuweho gato cyane ku buryo bitahungabanyije cyane abaturage.
- Bigeze tariki ya 20 z’ukwa 11, BNR igumishaho igipimo cya 6.75 %, n’ubwo yagombaga kukiganya. Icyo gihe yavuze ko icyo gipimo kiri ku rwego rukwiriye mu gukomeza kugenzura inflation (ihungabana ry’ifaranga n’ibiciro ku isoko)no kubungabuga ubukungu.
- Mu mwaka wa 2026:
- Ejo tariki 19/02/2026, Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda yazamuye mu buryo budasanzwe igipimo fatizo ikigeza kuri 7.25 % ikivanye kuri 6.75 %. Aha birerekana ikibazo gikomeye cyane kije giturumbuka.
(4) BNR YABIKOREYE IKI?
BNR ni ikigega gikuru cya Leta. Ntabwo ari banki y’ubucuruzi. Ariko niyo igenga ama Banki yose asigaye mu gihugu. Ibi yakoze yabikoreye kugira ngo hagabanywe ikoreshwa ry’amafaranga menshi ku isoko. Yanze gucapa inoti nyinshi kuko zarushaho gutesha agaciro ifaranga!
Nanone yabikoze kugira ngo igerageze kugabanya igipimo cy’izamuka ry’ibiciro (inflation) ritajyanye n’umufuka w’abaguzi. Amafaranga y’u Rwanda ntakibasha guhangana n’izamuka ry’ibiciro kandi Leta nta mafaranga ifite yo kongera imishahara cyangwa yo kugaburira abaturage!
Ikindi BNR yabikoze kugira ngo ibungabunge ifaranga ridata agaciro cyane kuko ryakomeje kugata ariko ntiriragera ahabi cyane.
Ese twizere ko BNR izamanura iki iki gipimo cy’inyungu fatizo (key/central bank policy rate) kikava kuri 7.25 % kigasububira hasi nko kuri 5.1%? Urebye aho ibintu bigeze ubu,nta kizere. Banki Nkuru y’igihugu ivuga ko kuri yo nta byacitse kuko mu ntego zayo ikiri aho ishaka kuba ni ukuvuga kutajya hejuru ya 8%. Haraburaho gato ikarenza igipimo.
Nyamara ubu nandika ibi Ingengo y’imari y’uyu mwaka yagabanutseho Miliyari 80.4 Frw.Ibi Minisitiri Murangwa yabitangaje ku wa 12 Gashyantare 2026 ubwo yagezaga ku Nteko Ishinga Amategeko umutwe w’Abadepie umushinga w’ingengo y’imari ivuguruye.Yagize ati “Muri rusange turasaba ko ingengo y’imari ingana na Miliyari ibihumbi 732,5frw yari yemejwe n’Inteko Ishinga amategeko mu kwezi kwa Kamena 2025 igabanuka ikagera kuri Miliyari ibihumbi 6.952,1 frw , bivuze ko igabanukaho Miliyari 80,4frw by’amafaranga y’u Rwanda”.Nibwo bwa mbere mu Mateka y’u Rwanda muri iyi myaka 30 ibyo bibaye(niba nta cyanyisobye).Ibi bihishura impamvu y’iri zamurwa ry’igipimo fatizo ku nyungu n’ibindi biciro byinshi ku isoko.
Intego ya Banki Nkuru y’igihugu ku gipimo fatizo cy’inyungu fatizo (key/central bank policy rate) ukuba hagati ya 2% (byiza cyane) na 8% (bibi cyane): Uyu mwaka biri kuba bibi cyane.
Soraya Hakuziyaremye ni we Guverineri wa BNR-National Bank of Rwanda
Icyakora ibi bigaragaza ko leta yanze kwikorera uwo mutwaro kuko itawushoboye cyangwa itabishaka! Niba uri gusoma iri somo menya ko vuba aha,buri kintu cyose kigiye kongererwa ibiciro :mutuelle de santé (ubwisungane mu kwivuza), ubwishingizi ku bindi byose, imiti,lisansi, transiporo (ubwikorezi bw’ibintu, n’urujya n’uruza rusanzwe),tutibagiwe n’ibiryo, inzoga ,imitobe,amashanyarazi n’ibindi. Byose bizatumbagizwa kubera iki cyemezo. Igishimishije ni uko umwuka duhumeka wo uzakomeza kuba ubuntu!
Isomo rirumvikanye? Ni ah’ubutaha.
Mukomere
Iyi si,
Prof HAKIZIMANA Maurice II Kunkurikira kuri Whatsapp https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaCyM5ILdQejDYwQ2b2u II Kunkurikira kuri facebook: https://www.facebook.com/professormaurice/.
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