Jenerali Majoro Habyarimana Juvénal wabaye perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda,yari muntu ki?

Mwalimu HAKIZIMANA Maurice

Mu gitabo UTABA AMATEKA NTABONA ITAKA cya Mwalimu Hakizimana Maurice kuva ku ipaji ya 487 kugeza ku ya 520 dusomamo inkuru irambuye ivuga ku buzima bwa Nyakubahwa Jenerali Majoro Habyarimana Juvénal wabaye perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda.Muri iyi nyandiko tugiye kubasangiza ako gace k’icyo gitabo cy’ubushakashatsi.

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1.Bwana Habyarimana Juvénal,yari muntu ki?

Habyarimana Juvénal ni mwene Ntibazilikana Jean-Baptiste na Nyirazuba Suzanne. Yavutse tariki 8 Werurwe 1937 avukira mu Gasiza ko mu Bushiru (Gisenyi). Dore igisekuru cye : Habyarimana wa Ntibazilikana, wa Rugwiro, wa Ruhara, wa Ndabateze, wa Mahinda, wa  Mpaka, wa Buronko, wa Nyamwendaruba, wa Nkwama, wa Samari, wa Cyungura, wa Mateke.

Habyarimana wa Ntibazilikana, wa Rugwiro, wa Ruhara, wa Ndabateze, wa Mahinda, wa  Mpaka, wa Buronko, wa Nyamwendaruba, wa Nkwama, wa Samari, wa Cyungura, wa Mateke.

Habyarimana Juvénal ni umuhutu wo mu bwoko-nzu bw’Abungura. Avukana n’abandi bana barindwi mu muryango w’abana umunani, abakobwa  4 n’abahungu 4. Muri bashiki be bane, babiri babaye ababikira wo mu Muryango w’Abenebikira. Sekuru Rugwiro yari umutetsi (cuisinier) w’abapadiri bera,ari nabo bashinze Paruwasi ya Rambura muri  1914. Se yari umu cathéchiste (soma umukateshisite) ni ukuvuga umwarimu wa Gatigisimu muri Kiliziya Gatulika.

Afite imyaka umunani, Habyarimana Juvénal  yatangiye amashuri abanza mu ishuri ribanza rya Rambura ariko uwa nyuma (uwa gatandatu) bimusaba kujya kuwurangiriza mu ishuri ribanza rya Misiyoni yo ku Nyundo.

Arirangije, no kubera ko yari umwana w’umukateshisiti, yemerewe gukomereza ayisumbuye ku iseminari nto y’i Kabgayi iGitarama. Ariko kuko yifuzaga kuzaba umuganga (dogiteri) yavuye mu iseminari akomereza icyiciro cyisumbuyeho muri Koleji mpuzamahanga (yari irimo abana b’abazungu n’abana bake b’abirabura b’abahanga gusa) ya Bukavu hakurya muri Zaire. Aharangije, yakomereje Kaminuza mu ishami ry’Ubuganga muri Kaminuza ya Louvanium i Kinshasa muri Kongo.

Tariki ya 17 Kamena 1960 (Habyarimana Juvenal amaze imyaka ibiri muri iyo Kaminuza), Ingabo za Kongo zakoze imyigaragambyo karundura maze bituma abanyeshuri bose b’abanyamahanga bataha iwabo igitaraganya  na Habyarimana ataha atyo agaruka mu Rwanda adasoje Kaminuza.

Ageze mu Rwanda akubitana n’Impinduramatwara yari irimo gutegurwa, aho bwana Dominique Mbonyumutwa, wari ugiye kuba perezida wa mbere w’inzibacyuho hagati ya Repubulika n’Ubwami,icyo gihe wari Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri Minisiteri y’Ingabo nshya z’igihugu yarimo gushaka abasore bajijutse bo kwinjiza mu ishuri rikuru rya gisirikare (Ecole d’Officiers) ryagombaga gushingwa i Kigali.

Soma kandi:Dominique Mbonyumutwa wabaye perezida wa mbere w’agateganyo mu Rwanda, yari muntu ki?

2. Imirimo yakoreye igihugu mbere yo kuba umukuru w’igihugu

Habyarimana yahise yiyandikisha tariki ya 10 Ugushyingo 1960 ari kumwe n’abandi basore batandatu ari bo Pierre Nyatanyi, Aloys Nsekalije, Sabin Benda, Epimaque Ruhashya, Alexis Kanyarengwe, na Bonaventure Ubalijoro.

Amasomo ya gisirikare arangiye, yasohotse yambitswe ipeti rya Majoro mu ngabo (afite nimero matricule 001) hanyuma akomeza imyitozo ihambaye y’aba Parachutiste (abamanukira mu mitaka) yambikwa umudari wabyo wiyongera ku ipeti rya Majoro, ibyo bimuhesha kuzamurwa vuba mu ntera agirwa Su Liyetona (sous-lieutenant)  tariki ya 23 Ugushyingo 1961 aba abaye atyo umusirikare mukuru wo ku rwego rwa ofisiye w’umunyarwanda wa mbere mu Mateka.

Reba kandi:INDEPANDANSI-UBWIGENGE BW’U RWANDA

Tariki ya 1 Nyakanga 1962 yabaye Liyetona wuzuye aba umusirikare mukuru uhawe ishema ryo kuzamura ibendera rya mbere rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ya I ku munsi wa Independansi (umunsi w’ubwigenge)ku ya 1 Nyakanga 1962. Yarwanye intambara ya mbere ahangana kandi atsinda Ibitero bya mbere  by’« Inyenzi » byabaye kuya  4 Nyakanga 1962, biturutse muri Uganda, bimanukira mu Birunga. Uwo mugaba w’ingabo zahashyije Inyenzi yari afite imyaka 25 gusa y’amavuko.

Icyo gihe Uwari umugaba mukuru w’ingabo z’u Rwanda (Chef d’Etat-Major) yari Major François Vanderstraeten,umubiligi. Liyetona Juvénal Habyarimana yoherejwe na François Vanderstraeten kuva ku ya 31 Kanama 1962 kugeza muri Kamena 1963 i Cyangugu amugira komanda w’Akarere ka Gisirikare ahateganye na Bukavu muri Kongo ahari hari kuvuka umutwe w’inyeshyamba zigometse kuri Leta y’i Kinshasa.

S/Lt Juvénal Habyarimana i Gabiro muri 1963. Ni uwo wicaye mu ijipe (jeep) Uwo wirabura uhagaze iruhande rwe hasi ni s/Lt Alexis Kanyarengwe.

Aho Cyangugu-Bukavu, niho komanda  Juvénal Habyarimana yaba yarahuriye bwa mbere n’undi mu komanda w’ingabo zo hakurya muri Kongo witwaga Koloneri Joseph Désiré Mobutu wari uyoboye ingabo za Kongo aho ngaho.

Koloneri Joseph Désiré Mobutu wari uyoboye ingabo za Kongo.

Tariki  23 Kamena 1963 Liyetona Habyarimana Juvénal (wari wageze ku ipeti rya Kapiteni)  yagizwe Umugaba mukuru w’Ingabo z’u Rwanda (zitwaga Garde Nationale), maze atanga amategeko ko ingabo z’u Rwanda zambuka muri Kongo kujya gufasha ingabo za Kongo kugarura umutekano n’ituze. Aba bagabo bombi, Juvénal Habyarimana na Joseph Désiré Mobutu bashyize hamwe ubumenyi bwabo bwa gisirikare maze babasha guhashya za nyeshyamba za Mulele (rebelles Muléliste) muri Kamena 1964, mu rugamba rw’amahina rwa Kamanyola.

S/Lt Habyarimana imbere ibumoso mu karasisi ka gisirikare muri 1963.

Igihe yari umugaba mukuru w’Ingabo z’igihugu muri Repubulika ya I abari bamukuriye muri Leta bari Minisitiri w’Ingabo Calliope Mulindahabi  na Perezida wa Repubulika Grégoire Kayibanda. Kapiteni Habyarimana Juvénal ni we munyarwanda wa mbere wasimbuye umuzungu ku mwanya wo hejuru nk’uwo.

Wasoma kandi:Soma: Profeseri Gregoire Kayibanda,Perezida wa I wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda yari muntu ki?

Ku itariki ya  17 Kanama 1963, Juvénal Habyarimana yashakanyena Madamazela Agathe Kanziga, wari urangije ishuri rya kabiri rya  Ecole sociale rya Karubanda i  Butare.

Habyarimana Juvenal n’urugo rwe

3. Habyarimana Juvenal aba Minisitiri w’Ingabo

Ku itariki ya 23 Kamena 1964, Kapiteni Juvenal Habyarimana yagizwe Komanda, yinjizwa muri guverinoma ya Gregoire Kayibanda byeruye muri 1965, aho yagizwe Minisitiri w’Ingabo z’igihugu asimbuye bwana Calliope Mulindahabi. Ku ya 1 mata 1967 yagizwe  Liyetona Koloneli  maze ku ya 1 mata 1970 (nyuma y’imyaka 3) agirwa Koloneli wuzuye iperi ribanziriza irya nyuma.

Ntibyatinze ku ya 1 Mata 1973 Perezida Gregoire Kayibanda yamugize Jenerali-Majoro ku ya  1 Mata 1973,kuko yamufataga nk’umwizerwa cyane kandi koko yari umusirikare mukuru witwara neza cyane, kugeza uwo munsi.

4. Kudeta y’iya 5 Nyakanga 1973: Jeneral Major Habyarimana Juvenal ahirika ku butegetsi perezida Gregoire Kayibanda

Mu ijoro ryo kuya 4 rishyira iya 5 Nyakanga 1973, Jenerali–Majoro Juvenal Habyarimana yaratunguranye cyane ahirika ku butegetsi uwamuhaye byose, Perezida we Grégoire Kayibanda mu cyiswe « kudeta ya 73 »maze afata ubutegetsi ashinga Muvoma ye nshya yise MRND asibanganya Muvoma ya mbere ya MDR Parmehutu, n’andi mashyaka yose.

Yahise afungira muri Rwerere rwa Ruhengeri uwari shebuja (waje no gupfa ku itariki ya 15 Ukuboza 1976 asigaye afungiwe iwe i Kavumu), abantu 55 bagize guverinoma ye (higanjemo intiti, abanyamategeko, abacuruzi bakomeye, cyangwa abafitanye isano n’abari hafi ya Leta)  hafi ya bose babanje gufungirwa by’agateganyo mu Ruhengeri mbere y’uko bicwa bose umwe umwe, ishyaka rya MDR Parmehutu riraseswa,amashyaka yandi yose yariho araseswa, maze Juvenal Habyarimana aba byose kuri bose atyo,Repubulika ya I iseswa ityo.

Iyo kudeta yakozwe n’abasirikare bakuru 11 biyitaga «  Les camarades du 5 Juillet » bahise bibumbira mu cyiswe « Comité pour la paix et l’Unité Nationale » (Komite yo kugarura amahoro n’ubumwe mu Gihugu)  hakaba harimo abahutu 10 n’umututsi 1.

Abo 11 ni  abahutu Jenerali Majoro Habyarimana Juvenal, Liyetona Koloneli Kanyarengwe Alegisi, Majoro Benda Sabin, Majoro Buregeya Bonnaventure, Majoro Gahimano Fabien, Majoro Munyandekwe Jean Nepomuscene, Majoro Ntibitura Bonnaventure,Majoro Nsekarije Aloys, Majoro Serubuga Laurent, Majoro Simba Aloys n’umututsi umwe rukumbi ariwe Majoro Epimaque Ruhashya (bitaga Ruhashyinyenzi)

Amasura y’abofisiye 11 biyitaga « les 11 camarades du 5 juillet 1973 »

Amateka ntazigera amubabarira ku gikorwa cyo guca umutwe Repubulika, no gusibanganya abarwanashyaka bayiharaniye.

5. Nyuma y’iya 5 Nyakanga 1973: Jeneral Major Habyarimana Juvenal aba perezida wa Repubulika uganje

Amateka ariko ntazabura kumwibukira ku majyambere yihuse yazaniye u Rwanda,amahoro asesuye (nyuma yo kwica abaro bagize guverinoma ya Kayibanda bose) ku butegetsi bwe nta batutsi bongeye kwicwa no kumeneshwa, nta buhunzi, kandi abaturage babanye amahoro ku misozi yose kurusha mbere hose.Ugereranyije.

Habyarimana yatangije umuganda mu gihugu hose

U Rwanda kandi rwabanye neza n’ibihugu byose bituranye ku ngoma y’uyu musirikare mukuru. Gusa ariko nka mugenzi we Gregoire Kayibanda, ikibazo cy’impunzi z’abatutsi zari zarahungiye Uganda no mu Burundi nticyavuzweho cyane, icyakora nta wazihungabanyirije aho ziri, uwashakaga gutahuka ku giti cye yarazaga  ushaka gusura akisubirirayo ntakomwe mu nkokora, ndetse hakaba n’ibitaramo byahuzaga abanyarwanda baba mu bihugu duturanye.

PerezidaHabyarimana Juvénal yizihiza isabukuru y’imyaka 50 y’amavuko iwe i Kanombe, Kigali

Hari abajyaga baza gusura imiryango yabo mu gihugu bakisubirirayo cyangwa bakahaguma. Urugero umwe muri bo uzwi cyane, umusore Paul Kagame avuga ko amaze kuba umusore,yatangiye kujya aza mu Rwanda kenshi ndetse agatembera umujyi wa Kigali aho avuga uduce dutandukanye yatemberaga.

Vuba aha muri Nyakanga 2024 igihe Paul Kagame Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda yaganiraga n’itangazamakuru yagize ati:

“Najyana nsura u Rwanda nko muri 1977, 1978, ndetse n’intangiriro za 1979, nahaje gatatu, buriya ubu uyu mujyi wose ndawuzi za Nyamirambo, hano ku Muhima, Kiyovu, uzamuka Sopetrade ujya mu Mujyi, najyaga mpagenda n’amaguru jyenyine ndahazi….“Najyaga mfata tagisi nkajya i Butare, nari mpamfite masenge na mushiki wanjye tuvukana, yarerewe aho kwa Gicanda, buriya umuhanda Kigali-Butare wari utarajyamo Kaburimbo ikiraro cya Nyabarongo kuri Ruliba ucyambuka kikavuga nk’amabati….“Nabonaga ibintu byinshi, nasubiraga mu Bugande nkabiganiriza abo twakoranaga, ibyo na byo biri mu byatumaga muri njye hari ibintu binyiyubakamo bikomeza gututumba”.

6. Tariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990: FPR Inkotanyi ziratera,igihugu kijya mu icuraburindi,ubutegetsi bwa Jenerali Habyarimana burashegeshwa cyane.

Tariki ya 1 ukwakira 1990, u Rwanda  rwongeye guterwa na ba bandi baruteraga kuva 1962 ariko noneho barahinduye izina bitwa FPR Inkotanyi, bateye baturutse Uganda. Perezida Juvenal Habyarimana yakoze ibishoboka byose ku rugamba ahagarika umuvuduko izo nyeshyamba zari zizanye, ariko yirinda gutera igihugu zaje ziturutsemo, kandi yemera gushyikirana nabo mu Mishyikirano y’amahoro yaberaga Arusha muri Tanzaniya. 

Soma kandi:Paul Kagame Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda: Ubuzima bwe,Igihugu cye, n’Amashuri ye

Mu gihugu imbere, Perezida Juvenal Habyarimana yemeye politike y’amashyaka menshi mu bihe by’intambara, kandi buri kintu cyose cyabaga kigamije gukemura amakimbirane no kugarukana amahoro yarakemeraga.

7. Tariki ya 6 mata 1994: Jenerali Habyarimana yicwa,iherezo ry’ubuzima bwe.

Tariki ya 6 Mata 1994, mu ma saa mbiri n’igice (20h30) z’umugoroba wa joro, indege yari itwaye perezida w’u Rwanda Juvénal Habyarimana,mugenzi we perezida w’u Burundi Cyprien Ntaryamira,n’abandi bategetsi 7 bo mu nzego zo hejuru mu bihugu byombi u Rwanda n’u Burundi tutibagiwe n’abafaransa batatu bari abakozi bo mu ndege,yarashwe yitegura kugwa ku kibuga cy’indege cya Kigali.

Hanyuma Perezida Jenerali Majoro Juvenal Habyarimana  yicwa tariki ya 06/04/1994, agwa mu kirere cy’i Kigali, mu gitero cy’ibisasu byarashwe ku ndege ye ya gisivili ari kuva mu Nama y’Amahoro yo kwiga ukuntu Amasezerano yari yarasinywe yashyirwa mu ngiro byihuse  hagati ye na FPR Inkotanyi, Inama yaberaga i Dar-Es-Salaam muri Tanzaniya.

Mu ndege harimo:

1. Perezida wa Repubulika Habyarimana Juvénal
2. Jenerali Major Nsabimana Déogratias, uugaba mukuru w’ingabo
3.  Ambasaderi Renzaho Juvénal, umujyanama muri Présidence,
4.  Colonel Sagatwa Elie,Umunyamabanga wihariye wa perezida wa Repubulika
5.  Docteur Akingeneye Emmanuel, muganga dogiteri wa perezida wa Repubulika,
6.  Major Bagaragaza Thaddée, umusirikare mukuru (officier d’ordonnance).

Harimo kandi Abarundi:

1. Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Burundi Ntaryamira Cyprien,
2. Ministre Ciza Bernard,
3. Ministre Simbizi Cyriaque.

Harimo Abafaransa batwara indege (équipage):

1. Major Jacky Héraud,
2. Colonel Jean-Pierre Minaberry,
3. Adjudant-chef Jean Marie Perrine

Perezida Habyarima Juvenal yategetse imyaka 21 kuva ku ya 5 Nyakanga 1973 kugeza kuya 6 Mata 1994.

Umurambo we wabanje kubikwa n’ingabo z’u Rwanda, nyuma uza kujyanwa na Perezida Mobutu Sese Seko i Gbadolite muri Zaïre (ubu ni Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo), aho wabitswe muri mausolée ye bwite.Mu gihe ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu bwari bugiye guhirima muri Gicurasi 1997, umurambo wajyanywe i Kinshasa. Amateka akunze kwemerwa n’abashakashatsi bamwe avuga ko watwitswe (cremation) ku wa 16 Gicurasi 1997, abandi bemeza ko yashyingiwe i Gbadolite.

Umurango wose wa perezida Juvenal Habyarimana nyma y’urupfu rwe

Umukobwa we,Jeanne Habyarimana yamwanditseho igitabo yise Mon père, cette autre partie de moi qu’on m’a arrachée: Hommage à Juvénal Habyarimana (nko kuvuga ngo,ngenekereje : Data, rumwe mu ngingo zanjye zanyambuwe: kwibuka JUvenal Habyarimana).

Iyi si,

Mwalimu Hakizimana Maurice ni umwarimu (enseignant) umusemuzi n’umuhinduzi (traducteur-interprète) n’umwanditsi (écrivain) ukorera i Paris,mu Bufaransa.

Mwalimu Hakizimana Maurice ni umwanditsi w’igitabo “UTABA AMATEKA NTABONA ITAKA” Editions Scribes cyavuyemo iyi nyandiko yose.

Igitabo UTABA AMATEKA NTABONA ITAKA kiboneka gicapye kuri Amazon unyuze hano:
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UTABA AMATEKA NTABONA ITAKA kiboneka no muri format électronique (soft copy) unyuze hano: https://www.amazon.it/Utaba-Amateka-Ntabona-Itaka-Afrikaans-ebook/dp/B0GTQZ4CBC?fbclid=IwVERDUARzok1leHRuA2Flb

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