Menya ababaye abakuru b’igihugu cy’u Burundi bose n’amaherezo yabo

Umwanditsi: HAKIZIMANA Maurice

Kuva u Burundi bwikukiye(bubonye ubwigenge) muri Mukakaro(Nyakanga)1962, bumaze kurongorwa (kuyoborwa) n’abagabo 11 (abami 2 n’abaperezida 9). Mu gihe uno musi imyaka 5 irumanye (yuzuye) Perezida Nkurunziza asandavye(apfuye) reka tugaruke ku byashikiye (ku byabaye) ku batwaye(ku bategetse) u Burundi mu mpera y’ubutegetsi bwabo.Ni isomo ry’Akahise(ry’Amateka) y’u Burundi.

Indi nkuru wasoma: Iyo abakuru b’ibihugu bavuyeho bajya he? Afurika igira umwihariko wayo (Icyegeranyo)

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Soma nanone: Menya insiguro n’inkomoko by’amezi 12 y’Ikirundi

Soma kandi: Menya ibisobanuro by’amezi 12 ya Kinyarwanda

(1) Umwami Mwambutsa IV Bangiricenge (1911-1977)

Igihe Burundi bwikukira ku wa mbere mukakaro(tariki ya 1 Nyakanga) 1962, bwari burongowe n’Umwami Mwambutsa IV Bangiricenge. Mwambutsa yari asanzwe ari Umwami kuva se, Mutaga IV Mbikije, atanze ku wa 30/11/1915. Ariko, mu myaka 46 ya mbere y’ingoma ye, U burundi bwari mu bukoloni bw’Abadagi mu nyuma haza Ababiligi. Mwambutsa yabaye Umwami yuzuye ikiringo (manda) c’imyaka ine gusa : kuva u Burundi bwikukiye ku wa 01/07/1962 gushika (kugeza) akuwe ku ngoma ku wa 08/7/1966.

Ivyago bikomeye vy’Ingoma y’Umwami Mwambutsa vyatanguye mw’ijoro ry’uwa 18-19 Gitugutu (Ukwakira) 1965. Ikirimba c’Umwami (urugo rw’umwami) caratewe n’abasirikare bari bashaka kumugandagura (kumwica) n’ukumubogoza (kumukura ku butegetsi). Bikunze kuvugwa ko bari abasirikare b’Abahutu bari barongowe na Capitaine Antoine Serukwavu, wari umunyamabanga wa Leta ajejwe ikijandarume (Gendarmerie). Icyo gihe yashoboye kunyegera (kwihisha) abateye baramubura, imbere yo gutabarwa n’abasirikare bari barongowe na Capitaine Michel Micombero, yari umunyamabanga wa Leta ajejwe igisirikare.

Inyuma y’ico gitero, Umwami Mwambutsa yahungiye gato mu buseruko (mu burasirazuba) bwa Congo (RDC), agarutse mu Burundi, aca afata urugendo rumujana i Genève mu Buswisi. Mwambutsa ntiyigeze agaruka mu Burundi,yamaze hafi amezi umunani atwarira u Burundi i Genève. Ico Abarundi batamenyeshejwe muri ico gihe ni uko Umwami wabo yari agwaye cancer.

Ku wa 08 Mukakaro(Nyakanga)1966, Umwami Mwambutsa IV Bangiricenge yakuwe ku ngoma n’umuhungu w’iwe w’imyaka 18, Umuganwa Samuragwa Charles (Karoli) Ndizeye, ashigikiwe n’abasirikare bari barongowe na Capitaine Michel Micombero. Umwami Mwambutsa ntiyigeze asubira kubona u Burundi gushika asandabe (apfuye) ku wa 26 Ndamukiza (Mata) 1977 i Genève mu Buswisi, ari naho yashinguwe mw’itongo ry’abapfuye ry’i Meyrin.

Umwami Mwambutsa IV Bangiricenge yapfanye agahinda kenshi, bishoboka ko ariwe ndongozi (muyobozi) y’Uburundi yakorewe amabi menshi.

Abavyeyi be, Umwami Mutaga IV Mbikije n’Umwamikazi Ngezahayo, bagandaguwe Mwambutsa afise imyaka ine. Imfura yiwe Ludoviko Rwagasore yagandaguwe ku wa 13/10/1961 afise imyaka 29. Umuhungu yari asigaranye, Umwami Ntare V Charles Ndizeye, yakuye (yatembagaje) se ku butegetsi,mu nyuma aricwa. Umuvukanyi wiwe, umwe rudende, Umuganwa Ignace Kamatari yagandaguwe (yishwe) muri 1964. Amatungo (n’imitungo) y’Umwami atari make yaranyazwe, abiwe basigara mu bukene. Inyuma yo gutembagazwa (yo gukorerwa coup d’etat), Umwami Mwambutsa yamaze imyaka 11 mu buhungiro i Genève mu Buswisi, apfa ku wa 27/4/1977. Perezida Bagaza yaba yarashatse ko ikiziga c’Umwami (umurambo/umugogo w’umwami) gitahukanwa mu Burundi, ariko Mwambutsa yari yasize yanditse ko adakeneye kuzotahanwa mu Burundi yaba muzima yaba apfuye. Umwami Mwambutsa yashyinguwe mw’itongo ry’abapfuye (mu irimbi) ry’i Meyrin mu Busuwisi.

Muri 2012, Leta ya Perezida Nkurunziza yifuje gutahukana ibisigarira (ibisigazwa) vya Mwambutsa. Umwami Mwambutsa yarazuwe (yarataburuwe), ariko haca haduka imanza hagati y’abo mu muryango we bari bashigikiye ko atahanwa n’abandi bagwanira ko ugushaka kwa Mwambutsa kubahirizwa. Ibisigarira vya Mwambutsa vyamaze imyaka itanu mu buruhukiro,rwabuze gica mu bagize umuryango we, nuko amaherezo yongera guhambwa ubwa kabiri ku wa 30/6/2017 (mu irimbi) ry’i Meyrin mu Busuwisi.Aya niyo maherezo y’Umwami w’u Burundi .

(2)Umwami Ntare V Charles Ndizeye (1947-1972)

Uwarongoye U Burundi ubugira kabiri kuva bwikukiye (uwa kabiri wayoboye u Burundi kuva ku Bwigenge) yabaye Umwami Ntare V Charles (Karoli) Ndizeye. Umuganwa Ndizeye yari umuhungu w’Umwami Mwambutsa IV Bangiricenge, akaba na murumuna w’Umuganwa Ludoviko Rwagasore kuri se. Umuganwa Karoli Ndizeye yafashe ubutegetsi ku wa 08 mukakaro (Nyakanga) 1966, afadikanije n’abasirikare bari barongowe na Capitaine Michel Micombero. Ku wa mbere Nyakanga 1966, Karoli Ndizeye yimitswe nk’umwami w’u Burundi ku izina rya Ntare wa Gatanu. Igihe yimikwa, Ntare V yari asigaje amezi abiri ngo akwize imyaka 19 y’amavuka.

Ku wa 28 munyonyo (ukwezi kwa munani) 1966, mu gihe yari mu rugendo i Léopoldville (Kinshasa) mu gihugu ca Congo, Umwami Ntare V Karoli Ndizeye yatembagajwe (yakorewe coup d’etat) n’abasirikare bari barongowe (bayobowe) na Capitaine Michel Micombero. Ntare V ntiyatashye mu Burundi, yamaze imyaka itandatu ari impunzi mu Budage. Aho mu Budage, Umwami Ntare V yarakorana n’amahinguriro (inganda) adandaza ibirwanisho (zicuruza intwaro) n’ibikoresho vya gisirikare, akayafasha kuronka ibihugu biyagurira.

Muri ntwarante (ukwezi kwa gatatu) 1972, Umwami Ntare V yagiye mu Buganda kuumvikana n’ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Idi Amin Dada ingene yobushorera ibirwanisho (uko yabucuruza intwaro mu buryo bworoshye). Akiri mu ndege yahuye n’umushikiranganji w’u Burundi w’imigenderanire (Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga w’u Burundi), Arthemon Simbananiye, baraganira, ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Micombero buba bumenye aho Charles Ndizeye agiye. Umwami yaragurishijwe. Inyuma y’ibiganiro hagati ya Leta y’u Burundi n’iya Uganda, Perezida Idi Amin Dada yahenze (yabeshye) Umwami Ntare V ko bamujanye gutembera, ni uko amwuriza indege amurungikira ku ruyeri (mu mayeri) i Bujumbura kwa Perezida Michel Micombero.

Ku wa 30/3/1972, Karoli Ndizeye yururutse yisanga ku kibuga cy’indege cya Bujumbura, asanga arindiriwe n’ama jeep y’igisirikare. Yaciye ahagarikwa ubwo nyene (yahise atabwa muri yombi), ajya gupfungwa i Gitega. Yafunzwe ukwezi kose mu gikoni c’ingoro yahoze ari iya se i Gitega.

Mu ijoro ry’uwa 29/4/1972, Ntare V yasohowe aho yari apfungiwe, ajanwa mw’ikambi (mu kigo) cy’abasirikare b’abakomando i Gitega. Isaha zine z’ijoro, Umwami wa nyuma w’u Burundi, Ntare V Charles Ndizeye, yacumiswe baillonnette (yatewe icyuma) hanyuma araswa amasasu atatu mu gahanga, arasandaba (ahita apfa) nta rubanza na rumwe aciriwe, atabwiwe icyo azira. Bivugwa ko ikiziga ciwe (umurambo we) watwawe mu ngorofani, ujya gutabwa mu kinogo (mu rwobo) rusangi. Kugeza uyu musi ntawuzi iyo bamutaye.

Ayo niyo maherezo y’Umwami wa nyuma w’u Burundi, murumuna wa Rwagasore, akaba n’umuhungu wa Mwambutsa. Yari yavutse ku wa 02/12/1947, yagandaguwe afise imyaka 24 y’amavuko.

(3) Perezida Michel Micombero (1940-1983)

Uwa gatatu yarongoye (wategetse) u Burundi ni Capitaine Michel Micombero, kuva ku wa 28 munyonyo (Novembre ukwa 11) 1966 gushika (kugeza) ku wa mbere munyonyo(11) 1976. Niwe yatembagaje ingoma y’ubwami (niwe waciye burundu ingoma za cyami) aba uwa mbere utegetse igihugu yitwa Perezida wa Republika.

Ku wa 01/11/1976, Perezida wa Repubulika Michel Micombero yari yitegurira guhimbaza imyaka 10 yari amaze ku butegetsi. Wari umusi w’akaruhuko (umusi mukuru wa Ekleziya Katolika ihimbaza aberanda bose (umunsi w’abatagatifu bose) ). Umukuru w’ingabo zacungera (zirinda) Umukuru w’igihugu yinjiye ku Kirimba, asaba kubonana na Perezida Micombero.Uwo munsi ni bwo Lieutenant-Général Michel Micombero yamenyeshejwe ko yatembagajwe n’abasirikare (ko yakorewe coup d’etat) aca arasohoka, yinjizwa muri jeep y’igisirikare, ni uko ubutegetsi bwiwe buba burarangiye.

Amaze gutembagazwa, Perezida Micombero yabanje gupfungirwa mu ntara ya Ngozi, mu nyuma baramurekura ahungira muri Somalia kwa mugenzi we Prezida Siad Barré. Muri ico gihugu c’Ubuhungiro, Perezida Micombero yaciye ajya kwiga muri kaminuza. Amaze kurangiza amashure mu 1982, Perezida Micombero yoba yarasavye ko yokwitahukira mu Burundi, akiberaho ubuzima busanzwe, hari n’ibihugu nka Algeria vyoba vyaramusavye ko yojayo akigisha muri kaminuza. Ivyo vyose vyoba vyaratera ubwoba intwaro (ubutegetsi) bwa Perezida Bagaza. Havugwa vyinshi bitandukanye kuri ivyo bihe vya nyuma vy’ubuzima bwa Perezida Micombero.

Muri mukakaro (ukwa 7) 1983, Perezida Micombero yinjiye ibitaro vya gisirikare vy’i Mogadiscio muri Somalia mu gihe yariko yumva atamerewe neza. Ku wa 16 mukakaro (ukwa 7) 1983, umutima wa Perezida Micombero warahagaze giturumbuka,bitunguranye (arrêt cardiaque), ubuzima buba burarangiye.

Mu mwanya wa mbere ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Bagaza bwaranse ko ikiziga (umurambo) ca Perezida Micombero gitahukanwa mu Burundi, mu nyuma buravyemera ariko butegeka ko abajya kumushyingura baba abantu bake. Perezida Micombero yashyinguwe iwe muri komine Rutovu, mu ntara ya Bururi. Urupfu giturumbuka be n’ingorane zo ku mushyingura zatumye haduka igihuha gikomeye ko Perezida Micombero yoba yahawe uburozi biciye mu rushinge yatewe kandi ko vyoba vyakozwe n’iperereza rya Perezida Bagaza. Perezida Bagaza yariyamirije rwose abavuga ivyo bintu. Perezida Michel Micombero yari yavutse ku wa 26 myandagaro (  ukwezi kwa munani) 1940, yasandavye (yapfuye) ku wa 16 mukakaro (ukwa 7) 1983 asigaje ukwezi kumwe ngo akwize imyaka 43, inyuma y’imyaka 7 mu buhungiro.

Soma: Iyo abakuru b’ibihugu bavuyeho bajya he? Afurika igira umwihariko wayo (Icyegeranyo)

(4) Perezida Jean-Baptiste Bagaza (1946-2016)

Uwa kane yarongoye(wategetse) u Burundi ni Colonel Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, kuva ku wa 1 munyonyo (ukwa 11) 1976 gushika ku wa 3 Nyakanga (ukwa 9) 1987.

Mu kwa 9/1987, Perezida Jean-Baptiste Bagaza yari asigaje amezi abiri ngo ahimbaze imyaka 11 ku butegetsi. Imigenderanire ye n’ibihugu vya Bulaya yari yifashe nabi, imigenderanire na Ekleziya Katolika yari yaratabagaye, yaricura ko (yahoraga yikanga ko) hari abasirikare bashobora kumutembagaza (kumukorera coup d’Etat). Yagombaga kwitabira inama y’abakuru b’ibihugu bivuga igifaransa (francophonie), i Quebec muri Canada. Ku wa 03/09/1987, mu gihe Perezida Bagaza yari muri iyo nama, niho abasoda bato bato bagumuka (bigaragambyaga) bafata intwazangabo (abofisiye bakuru) baja kuzipfungira kuri Mess des Officiers i Bujumbura, bongera barafata ibibanza (ahantu) bikuru bikuru vyose vy’igihugu. Mu nyuma, ba basoda bagiye muri Mess des Officiers, basoma urutonde rw’abo bakeneye, barabasohora, babasaba gutora Umukuru w’igihugu mushasha.

Ni gutyo Major Pierre Buyoya, intwazangabo yari azwi nk’incabwenge yize cane muri za Kaminuza za gisirikare i Bulaya (Ububiligi, Ubufaransa, Ubudagi), akaba yari arongoye ibiro vya gisirikare bijejwe imyimenyerezo no gutegura intambara (G3), yaca atorwa kuba Umukuru w’igihugu. Intwaro ya Perezida Bagaza iba irarangiye.

Inyuma yo gutakaza ubutegetsi, Colonel Jean-Baptiste Bagaza yabaye mu buhungiro imyaka 6, mu bihugu vy’u Buganda na Libiya, imbere yo gutahuka mu Burundi muri 1993 ku ntwaro ya Perezida w’umuhutu watowe n’abaturage Melchiol Ndadaye. Iyo myaka y’ubuhungiro yayimaze yaratandukanijwe n’abana biwe, bo bari basigaye mu Burundi.

Aho Perezida Buyoya agarukiye ku butegetsi muri 1996, Perezida Jean-Baptiste Bagaza yabayeho igihe kitari gito acunzwe icamaso/afungiwe iwe (résidence surveillée), asubira gutora agahengwe ku ntwaro z’abandi bahutu Domitien Ndayizeye na Petero Nkurunziza. Perezida Jean-Baptiste Bagaza yahitanywe n’urw’akarago (yapfuye urw’ikirago), asandabira (agwa) mu bitaro i Bruxelles mu gihugu c’u Bubirigi, ku wa 04 rusama (ukwa 5) 2016. Perezida Bagaza yashinguranywe iteka ryinshi (yashyinguwe mu cyubahiro cyinshi) , aherekejwe n’abategetsi bahambaye b’igihugu, muri rusama (ukwa 5) 2016, mu gisagara ca Bujumbura. Jean-Baptiste Bagaza yavutse ku wa 29 myandagaro( ukwezi kwa munani) 1946 mu Rutovu mu ntara ya Bururi, akaba yasandavye (yarapfuye) asigaje amezi atatu ngo akwize imyaka 70.

(5) Perezida Pierre Buyoya (1949-2020)

Major Pierre Buyoya yatwaye (yategetse) u Burundi incuro zibiri. Ku wa 03/9/1987 yatembagaje Perezida Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, amara imyaka 6, imbere yo gushikiriza ubutegetsi umuhutu Melchior Ndadaye ku wa 10/07/1993 atsinzwe amatora ku mugaragaro. Ku wa 25/07/1996 yarongeye atembagaza umuhutu Perezida Sylvestre Ntibantunganya, amara imyaka 7,imbere yo gushikiriza ubutegetsi umuhutu Domitien Ndayizeye ku wa 30/4/2003.

Perezida Buyoya yaragize amahirwe ntiyatembagazwa na rimwe. Igihe cose yavuye ku butegetsi, yarabushikiriza neza uwamutsinze mu matora. We yatembagaza ubutegetsi ari ko wewe ntatembagazwe.

Ivyago vya Perezida Buyoya vyaje mu mpera y’ubuzima bwiwe. Ibwirizwa Shingiro rya 2018 ryarafuse ko abahoze barongoye Igihugu babandanya kuba abakenguzamateka ubuzima bwose. Uwo mwaka nyene, Perezida Buyoya yarashizweko umutahe Mpuzamakungu (impapuro zo kumuta muri yombi). Muri munyonyo (mu kwa 11) 2020, Perezida Buyoya yaciriwe igihano cyo gufungwa ubuzima bwose, yagirijwe ko ari mu bateguye igandagurwa rya Perezida Melchiol Ndadaye muri 1993. Yaciriwe urubanza adahari. Yaciye asaba ubuhungiro mu gihugu ca Mali, aho yari amaze imyaka aserukira ishirahamwe ry’Ubumwe bw’AfUrika (African Union).

Wibuke kuza gusoma: Menya abaperezida badashaka kurekura ubutegetsi muri Afurika

Ku wa 17/12/2020, Perezida Buyoya yapfiriye mu Bufaransa agiye kwivuza ingwara ya covid19 (koronavirisi). Perezida Buyoya yabanje guhambwa i Bamako muri Mali. Inyuma y’imyaka hafi ine, ibisigarira vya Perezida Buyoya vyaratahanywe muri mukakaro (ukwa 7) 2024, birashingurwa iwe muri komine Rutovu, mu ntara ya Bururi. Leta ya Perezida Ndayishimiye ntiyashimye kumuha iteka rihabwa abahoze barongoye Igihugu kubera ko ari we wari ku isonga mu kwica undi mukuru w’igihugu watowe n’abaturage, umwubahwa Melchior Ndadaye.

Perezida Pierre Buyoya yavutse ku wa 24/11/1949 apfa ku wa 17/12/2020 afise imyaka 71.

(6) Perezida Melchior Ndadaye (1953-1993)

Melchior Ndadaye yabaye uwa gatandatu yarongoye u Burundi, aba n’umukuru w’igihugu wa mbere atowe n’abanyagihugu mu matora ya demukarasi. Inyuma yaho atorewe ku wa mbere z’ukwa 6 (ruheshi) 1993, Perezida Melchior Ndadaye yarongoye u Burundi kuva ku wa 10 z’ukwa 7 (mukakaro) 1993 gushika ku wa 21 z’ukwa cumi (gitugutu ) 1993.Amezi atatu gusa.

Umusi wa nyuma w’intwaro 5w’ubutegesti bwe) yiwe, ku wa 21/10/1993, Perezida Ndadaye yiriwe umusi wose mu nama y’abashikiranganji yagiye kurangira mw’ijoro. Bakiri mu nama, nyamugigima iravuga, umwe mu bashikiranganji aranatwenza bagenzi we ko nyamugigima iba ari agasema ku Mwami nk’uko Abarundi babigendereje. Igihe ca saa munani y’ijoro niho vya muzinga (ibibunda biremereye) vyatangura kwasirana (kuvugira) mu gisagara (mu mugi wa) ca Bujumbura, Umukuru w’igihugu n’umuryango wiwe barashobora gusohoka ingoro y’umukuru w’igihugu, mu gihe yariko icucagirwa (iraswa) amasase n’amabombe.

Perezida Ndadaye yavuye mu Ngoro ari muri blindé ya gisirikare, ajanwa muri Camp Muha, ikambi (ikigo cya gisirikare) cyari gishinzwe kumurindira umutekano (yari ijejwe kumucungera). Muri icyo kigo cya gisirikare niho yafatiwe n’abasirikare bari bagumutse, baje bava mu yandi makambi nka Camp Muha.

Umukenyezi(umugore) wiwe n’abana bararokotse, bajanwa mu buserukizi (muri ambassade) bw’u Bufaransa mu Burundi. Perezida Melchior Ndadaye we yajanywe mw’ikambi (ikigo cya) Bataillon Para i Bujumbura, afungwa akanya gato, mu nyuma aricwa yicwa anigishijwe umugozi. Hari n’abandi bategetsi bahambaye biciwe uwo musi muri iyo kambi.

Amaze kwicwa, Perezida Ndadaye yahambwe incuro nyinshi mu bibanza bitandukanye mu ntumbero yo kunyegeza ikiziga ciwe (mu rwego rwo guhisha umurambo we), kugeza ubwo abasirikare bemera kumushikiriza abanywanyi biwe (abafana be) bari mu myiyerekano (mu myigaragambyo) bamusaba. Perezida Ndadaye yashinguranywe iteka 5yashyinguwe mu cyubahiro) ku wa 06/12/1993, imbere y’ingoro yabamwo ari Umukuru w’igihugu, co kimwe na bagenzi we.

Perezida Melchior Ndadaye yavutse ku wa 28/03/1953, yagandaguwe ku myaka 40 n’amezi 7. Niwe wenyene mu batwaye U Burundi afatwa nk’incungu y’igihugu (Héros National).

(7) Perezida Cyprien Ntaryamira (1955-1994)

Cyprien Ntaryamira yabaye uw’indwi mu bakuru b’igihugu cy’u Burundi kuva bwikukiye (kuri independansi), yatwaye kuva ku wa 05 ukwezi kwa kabiri (ruhuhuma) 1994 gushika ku wa 06  ukwezi kwa kane (ndamukiza )1994.Amezi abiri gusa. Perezida Ntaryamira yarongoye igihugu mu gihe kitoroshe mu Burundi no mu Karere. Kugira yimikwe, ibwirizwa shingiro ryabanje guhindurwa kubera amatora y’abanyagihugu bose atashoboka.

Inyuma y’amezi abiri gusa arongoye U Burundi, ku wa 06 Mata (ndamukiza) 1994, Perezida Ntaryamira yazindutse aja i Arusha muri Tanzania mu nama y’abakuru b’ibihugu yari yitabwe na Prezida Juvenal Habyarimana w’u Rwanda Inama y’Amahoro yari igamije gushaka uko amasezerano y’i Arusha yari yasinye hamwe na FPR ku wa 4  ukwezi kwa munani (myandagaro) 1993 yashyirwa mu bikorwa. Iyo nama yanarebaga ikibazo c’u Burundi. Bivugwa ko iyo bama yabayemwo ibintu vyinshi bitangaje vyasa n’ivyo kuyitevya (kuyitinza) kugira abakuru b’ibihugu batahe bwije.

Ku mugoroba, hageze gutaha, Perezida Cyprien Ntaryamira yasanze indege yiwe yagize akagorane, bariko barayisanura. Nabyo ntawuzi niba ari byo cyangwa niba byarakozwe nkana. Niho Perezida Juvenal Habyarimana w’u Rwanda yoba yamusavye ko bogenda bajanye mu yiwe yananyaruka cane. Perezida Ntaryamira yuriye iyo ndege ya Habyarimana ari kumwe n’abashikiranganji (abaminisitiri) babiri, Bernard Ciza na Cyriaque Simbizi. Vyari bitangaje ingene (ukuntu) atajanye n’uwujejwe umutekano wiwe (ushinzwe umutekano we) canke uwujejwe (ushinzwe) protocole.

Indege yavuye i Arusha isaha icumi n’imwe (saa kumi n’imwe) z’umugoroba, isaha zibiri z’ijoro ica iraraswa igeze i Kanombe mu Rwanda. Nta n’umwe yarokotse mu bari bayirimwo.

Prezida Ntaryamira n’abashikiranganji (abaminisitiri) babiri bari kumwe nawe bashinguwe i Bujumbura mu kibanza (irimbi) citiriwe incungu za demokarasi. Perezida Cyprien Ntaryamira yari yavukiye i Mageyo muri komine Mubimbi ku wa 06/03/1955, yasandavye(apfa afite imyaka) ku myaka 39.

(8) Prezida Sylvestre Ntibantunganya 08/05/1956- (aracyariho)

Perezida Sylvestre Ntibantunganya yabaye Umukuru w’igihugu wa munani w’u Burundi. Yategetse u Burundi kuva ku wa 06/04/1994 gushika ku wa 25/07/1996.

Perezida Ntibantunganya yatwaye u Burundi mu gihe kigoye cane. U Burundi bwari mu ntambara hagati y’igisirikare ca kera (cy’abatutsi ba Major Buyoya cyane cyane) cagirizwa (kiregwa) ko cagandaguye (cyishe) Perezida w’uluhutu watiwe n’Abarundi bose perezida Melchior Ndadaye n’umutwe w’inyeshyamba wa CNDD-FDD wafatwaga ko ari ikiroberi (Rebel group) cyashinzwe n’umugambwe (ishyaka) FRODEBU wa perezida Sylvestre Ntibantunganya. Umukuru w’igihugu yari hagati y’imicanwa ibiri itoroshe. Yari umukuru w’igihugu n’umugaba w’ikirenga w’igisoda cya Leta atemera neza dore ko na co cyamwagiriza (cyamuregaga) ko akorana n’abaroberi ba CNDD-FDD. Abaroberi bo muri CNDD FDD nabo bamufataga nk’umuhemu abandanya (ukomeza) gushyigikira igisirikare camwiciye abiwe. Leta ya Perezida Ntibantunganya yari igizwe n’imigambwe (amashyaka) itagira ico ihurizako na kimwe. Intwaro ye (Uburegetsi bwe) yarangwa n’ukunyinyurana gusa.Akajagari.

Ku wa 23/07/1996, Perezida Ntibantunganya yagiye i Bugendana mu gikorwa co gushingura abaturage bivugwa ko bari abatutsi babarirwa mu majana atandatu bishwe n’umuhari w’inyeshyamba za CNDD-FDD ariko yo ibihakana ivuga ko bishwe n’ingabo za Leta ziganjemo abatutsi. Aho ni mu gihe ababuze ababo bafata ko Ntibantunganya yaba akorana na CNDD-FDD yari yabahekuye. Perezida Ntibantunganya yapfuye kwururuka indege i Bugendana, yakirwa n’induru y’ababuze ababo, mbere batangura kumutera amabuye. Yisanze ataco ashoboye, aca yurira kajugujugu, asubira inyuma. Uwo mugoroba nyene yaraye ahungiye mu buserukizi bwa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika i Bujumbura. Ariko byose byari biyobowe na Major Peter Buyoya washakaga kumutembagaza.

Ku wa 25/07/1996 intwaro ya Perezida Ntibantunganya yarabogojwe (yatembagajwe) n’abasirikare, akorerwa coup d’etat n’umututsi Perezida Pierre Buyoya aba agarutse atyo ku butegetsi.

Inyuma yo gutembagazwa, Perezida Ntibantunganya yaramaze igihe anyegeye (yihishe) muri Ambassade y’abanyamerika, mu nyuma aravayo, akomeza ubuzima busanzwe ntiyicwa. Muri 2015 nibwo yasubiriye guhunga u Burundi ku ntwaro ya Perezida Nkurunziza, mu myiyerekano yabaye ndanze yo kwiyamiriza ikiringo ca gatatu ca Nkurunziza. Yahungiye mu Bubiligi, aho yamaze hafi umwaka n’igice gusa, araheza ahunguka muri kigarama (ukwa 12) 2016 akomeza ubuzila bwe kandi ahabwa ibyubahiro bye byose nk’uwahoze ari umukuru w’igihugu.

Ku mafoto aho hepfo: Perezida w’u Burundi Evariste Ndayishimiye yahuriye mu kiganiro na babiri mu bamubanjirije, Sylvestre Ntibantunganya na Domitien Ndayizeye, baganira ku miyoborere myiza, iterambere ry’ubukungu n’imibereho y’abaturage.

Ubu Perezida Ntibantunganya aratekanye mu Burundi. Mu matora ya 2020, Ntibantunganya yahisemwo gushigikira Général-Major Evariste Ndayishimiye, mu gihe umugambwe wiwe, FRODEBU, wari watanze Léonce Ngendakumana ngo yitoze mu kibanza c’umukuru w’igihugu.

Rimwe na rimwe aboneka nk’uwugereye Perezida Ndayishimiye, ariko akanatanga impanuro mu gihugu. Sylvestre Ntibantunganya yavutse ku wa 08/05/1956, ubu afise imyaka 69.

(9) Perezida Domitien Ndayizeye

Domitien Ndayizeye yabaye umugabo agira uw’icenda yarongoye u Burundi kuva bwikukiye (kuva bubonye ubwigenge). Yabutwaye kuva ku wa 30/4/2003 gushika ku wa 26/8/2005.

Umuntu aravye uko Prezida Ndayizeye yatwaye U Burundi n’ingene yarangije neza agashikiriza ubutegetsi ata nkomanzi, yari kwibaza ko ariwe mu batwaye u Burundi batokwigeze bahura n’ivyago inyuma. Ariko siko vyagenze. Inyuma y’umwaka umwe gusa ashikirije ubutegetsi, yarambitswe ibara n’uwamusubiriye, arafatwa arapfungwa.

Kw’igenekerezo (Itariki) rya 21/08/2006, Perezida Domitien Ndayizeye yarakuweko ubudahangarwa bw’umukenguzamateka, aca arafatwa arapfungwa. Perezida Ndayizeye yagirijwe ko yari mu mugambi wo gutembagaza no kwica Perezida Nkurunziza. Parquet (Ubushinjacyaha) yamusabiye gupfungwa ubuzima bwose. Amaradiyo yigenga,amashirahamwe aharanira agateka ka zina muntu, abaserukira ibihugu vyabo, barerekanye ko Perezida Ndayizeye yariko ararenganywa mu ntumbero y’ubutegetsi bwa Nkurunziza yo kunumya (gucecekesha) abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi. Perezida Domitien Ndayizeye yahavuye yezwa (aba umwere) ararekurwa ku wa 15/01/2007. Hari ibindi bihano yagiye arafatirwa, nko kuzibira amabarabara(gufunga imihanda) yaja ku nzu yiwe White Stone i Bujumbura ariko ubu vyaraheze aratekanye.

Perezida Domitien Ndayizeye yavutse ku wa 02/05/1953. Ubu afise imyaka 72. Ni umwe mu bavuga ijambo rihumuriza mu Burundi.

(10) Perezida Pierre Nkurunziza (1964-2020)

Uw’icumi mu yarongoye u Burundi yabaye Petero Nkurunziza. Perezida Nkurunziza yashikiriye ubutegetsi mu kwa 8/2005 atowe n’inama nshingamateka (abadepite) na nkenguzamateka (aba senateri), aguma arongoye igihugu mu kiringo c’imyaka 15 gushika ku wa 08/06/2020. Niwe mukuru w’igihugu yatwaye u Burundi igihe kirekire kuva twikukira (kuva kuri indepandansi).

Mu kwa 6/ 2020, Perezida Petero Nkurunziza yari asigaje amezi abiri ngo ashikirize ubutegetsi uwari aherutse gutorwa ngo amusubirire.

Imbere yo kuva ku butegetsi, Nkurunziza yari yishiriyeho itegeko ridasanzwe rizomukingira atakiri Umukuru w’igihugu. Yari guhabwa umuliyaridi w’amafaranga avuye mu mabanga, yari kugumana icubahiro kingana n’icicegera c’umukuru w’igihugu, yari kwubakirwa ingoro mu kibanza yihitiyemwo, yari gupangirwa ingoro abamwo n’iyindi akoreramwo, yari kwama arihirwa ivyangombwa vyose vyo kubaho (we n’umuryango wiwe), yokwamye agishwa inama ku bibazo bihambaye vy’igihugu, yari guhabwa ikambi (ikigo cya gisirikare) izomucungera, n’ibindi vyinshi. Ku mbure niwe yobaye Umukuru w’igihugu yirinda ivyashikiye (ibyageze ku) abandi barongoye u Burundi.

Kw’igenekerezo rya 06/06/2020, mu gihe yariko arorera ihiganwa ry’umupira ku kibuga ciwe cari ahavuka muri komine Mwumba mu ntara ya Ngozi, Perezida Nkurunziza yumvise imisonga myinshi mu nda, maze ataha ihiganwa ridaheze. Iryo joro yaraye arajanwa mu bitaro “Natwe Turashoboye” vy’i Karusi. Ico gihe yari ameze nabi cane.

Bukeye, ku wa 07/06/2020, Perezida Nkurunziza yaratoye mitende, araterefona abatari bake, mbere aravugana n’abo yari guha imibonano(audiences) ku wa 09/06/2020. Ariko mu bucagucagu bwo ku wa 08/06/2020, vyarayangaye.

Mu gatondo, Perezida Nkurunziza yumvise ashaka kwihagarika, yikurako “respirateur” yamufasha guhema (guhumeka neza). Ageze mu kazu ka surwumwe, yikubita hasi, aba aracikanye. Mu nyuma ivyageragejwe vyose ngo bamugarure ntivyakunze. Ku wa 09/06/2020, ku muhingamo, Leta y’u Burundi yatangaje ko umutima wa Perezida Nkurunziza wahagaze giturumbuka.

Umuryango wa Nkurunziza urimo umugore we Denise Nkurunziza (iburyo) n’umuhungu we Kelly Nkurunziza (ibumoso) bazindukiye ku bitaro bya Karusi kwakira umurambo wa Nkurunziza

Kuva Nkurunziza apfuye, havugwa vyinshi ku vyamwishe. Hari abaganga bavuga ko yishwe n’umugera wa koronavirisi (Covid 19). Hari abandi benshi bemeza ko yishwe n’ishano (amarozi). Ariko Leta n’umuryango we bavuga ko yishwe n’indwara y’umutima.Ni yo makuru yemewe.

Amateka ya Perezida Pierre Nkurunziza

Pierre Nkurunziza yavutse ku wa 18 Ukuboza (ukwa 12) 1964, ayobora u Burundi kuva mu 2010 yongera gutorwa mu 2015 muri manda yagombaga kurangira muri uyu mwaka wa 2020.

Se umubyara yitwaga Eustache Ngabisha yari umuhutu ukomeye muri Komine Ngozi ndetse wari ufitanye imikoranire ya hafi n’abantu b’ibwami, yabaye mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Burundi mu 1965 abarizwa mu ishyaka UPRONA ndetse nyuma aba Guverineri w’Intara mbere y’uko yicwa mu 1972.

Umuhungu we Nkurunziza yize amashuri abanza i Ngozi nyuma akomereza mu ishuri ryitwa Athénée riri i Gitega. Yize muri Kaminuza ibijyanye n’uburezi ndetse na siporo muri Kaminuza y’u Burundi arangiza mu 1990.

Mbere y’uko mu Burundi haduka intambara, yari umwarimu wa Siporo muri Lycée de Muramvya mu 1991 ndetse nyuma yigishije no muri Kaminuza y’u Burundi mu 1992 no mu ishuri rikuru rya gisirikare, Institut Supérieur Des Cadres Militaires (ISCAM).

Mu 1995 yinjiye mu mutwe wa FDD mu ntambara nyuma y’uko ibihumbi by’abahutu mu gihugu bicwaga, ndetse nyuma agirwa Umunyamabanga Mukuru wungirije wa CNDD-FDD mu 1998. Muri iyo ntambara ya FDD, bivugwa ko Nkurunziza yakomeretse ku buryo bukomeye ku buryo yari hafi gupfa, arokotse atangira ibikorwa byo kwiragiza Imana.

Muri 2003 nyuma y’uko hasinyiwe amasezerano y’amahoro, yagizwe Minisitiri w’Imiyoborere muri Guverinoma y’inzibacyuho yari iyobowe na Domitien Ndayizeye. Muri 2005 yatowe n’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko kuba Perezida, yicara kuri iyo ntebe ku wa 26 Kanama (ukwa 6) 2005. Nyuma yaje kongera gutorerwa kuyobora igihugu mu 2010 n’amajwi 91%.

Muri Mata (ukwa 4) 2015 yaje gutangaza ko agiye kwiyamamariza manda ya gatatu itaravuzweho rumwe na bamwe mu banyagihugu yaje gutuma mu gihugu havukamo umwuka mubi kuko abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bamushinjaga kurenga ku biteganywa n’Itegeko Nshinga. We yavugaga ko manda ye ya mbere itabarwa kuko yatowe n’abagize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko. Mu gihugu haje kuvuka imyigaragambyo (imyiyerekano) ikomeye, abanyagihugu barenga ibihumbi 240 barahunga bamwe bajya mu bihugu by’amahanga ya kure abandi bajya mu bihugu by’ibituranyi harimo n’u Rwanda.

Ku wa 13 Gicurasi (ukwa 5) 2015, abari abasirikare bakuru mu ngabo bashatse kumuhirika ku butegetsi ariko iyo coup d’etat iza kuburizwamo.

Yaje gutorerwa kuyobora u Burundi n’amajwi 69.41%. Mbere y’uko apfa, yari mu bikorwa by’amatora y’ugomba kumusimbura aho yamamaje Gen Evariste Ndayishimiye ndetse agatorerwa uyu mwanya nubwo atari yakarahiye.

Yapfuye asize umugore Denise Bucumi n’abana batanu Perezida Pierre Nkurunziza yakundaga kwitabira ibiterane by’amasengesho ndetse kenshi yagaragaraga ari gusenga no kuririmba.Yakunduga kandi gukina umupira ndetse no kujya gusarura imyaka mu masambu ye apfuye afite imyaka 56 yaburagaho amezi atandatu kuko yavutse 1964. Pierre Nkurunziza apfuye haburaga iminsi mike ngo ahererekanye ubutegetsi nuwamusimbuye Evariste Ndayishimiye.

Perezida Pierre Nkurunziza yavutse ku wa  18 Ukuboza 1964 (kigarama) 1964 i Buye mu ntara ya Ngozi, yasandavye (yapfuye) ku myaka 55 n’iguce (inusu). Yashinguranywe iteka (yashyinguwe mu cyubahiro) ku murwa mukuru w’intara ya Gitega.

(11) Perezida Evariste Ndayishimiye batazira Neva

Évariste Ndayishimiya (yavutse ku ya 17 Kamena (ukwa 6) 1968 i Giheta, mu Ntara ya Gitega, mu Burundi) ni umusirikare akaba n’umunyapolitiki niwe Perezida wa Repubulika kuva ku ya 18 Kamena (ukwa 6) 2020. Hagati ya 2016 na 2020, yabaye umunyamabanga mukuru wa CNDD-FDD, ishyaka riri ku butegetsi. Yabaye umukandida mu matora ya perezida wa 2020, atorwa byoroshye cyane mu cyiciro cya mbere.

Soma nanone: Menya insiguro n’inkomoko by’amezi 12 y’Ikirundi

Umugatolika, Évariste Ndayishimiye yavukiye muri komini ya Giheta mu Ntara ya Gitega, mu Burundi rwagati ku ya 17/06/ 1968. Muri 1995, Ndayishimiye yari umwe mu banyeshuri bake b’Abahutu babashije kugera muri kaminuza y’u Burundi. Yahunze ubwicanyi bwari bugambiriye guhanagura abanyeshuri b’Abahutu bukozwe n’abanyeshuri b’Abatutsi bashyigikiwe na Leta.

Amaze guhunga ni guta ishuri (Kaminuza) yari mu ba mbere binjiye mu ishyaka ritavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi ryitwaje intwaro, ishyaka (Umugambwe) wari ufite Igusirikare gishinzwe kurengera demokarasi (FDD), cyashinzwe nyuma y’iyicwa rya Perezida w’Abahutu Melchior Ndadaye.

Amasezerano ya Arusha yashyizweho umukono muri 2000, buhoro buhoro arangiza intambara y’abenegihugu mu Burundi: FDD yemeye kuyisinya mu mpera za 2002 maze ihagarika imirwano yitwaje intwaro. Mu 2005, Évariste Ndayishimsi yagizwe Umuyobozi wungirije w’ingabo nshya z’igihugu (FDN) afite ipeti rya jenerali.Hagati ya 2006 na 2007, yabaye Minisitiri w’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu n’umutekano rusange. Ndayishimasi yaje kuba Umuyobozi mukuru w’ingabo z’igihugu muri Perezida (chef de cabinet militaire à la présidence) umwanya yari afite kugeza mu 2014, mbere yo kuba umuyobozi mukuru w’abaminisitiri bose muri perezidansi mu mwaka wakurikiyeho.

Muri Kanama 2016, yatorewe kuba umunyamabanga mukuru wa CNDD-FDD, asimbuye Pascal Nyabenda. Kuva mu 2005, Ndayishimiyasi yari umwe mu banyapolitiki bakomeye mu Burundi.

Muri kongere yabaye ku ya 26/01/2020, i Gitega, rwagati mu gihugu, intumwa za CNDD-FDD zahisemo Évariste Ndayishimie nk’umukandida wabo ku matora ya perezida yo ku ya 20/05/2020. Ndayishimiye yagaragaye nk’uwakunzwe cyane mu matora ndetse yafatwaga nk’ushyira mu gaciro kurusha perezida wari uriho bwana Pierre Nkurunziza.

Nk’uko imibare ibanza yatangajwe na komisiyo yigenga ishinzwe amatora yigenga (CENI) ibivuga, Ndayishimiye yatsinze amatora n’amajwi 68,72%. Yarushije cyane umukandida ukomeye w’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi, Agathon Rwasa, perezida wa CNL, wagize amajwi 24.19%.

Gusozera: gutwara u Burundi kenshi birangira nabi cane.

6 kuri 11 mu barongoye Uburundi bavuye ku butegetsi batembagajwe n’abasirikare (Mwambutsa IV, Ntare V, Michel Micombero, Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, Melchior Ndadaye na Sylvestre Ntibantunganya).

3 kuri 11 (Umwami Ntare V Charles Ndizeye, Perezida Melchior Ndadaye na Prezida Ntaryamira) barishwe nabi cane. Umwe yagandaguwe umusi atembagazwa, uwundi yishwe inyuma yo gutembagazwa, uwundi yarasiwe mu ndege.

2 kuri 11 (Perezida Micombero na Perezida Nkurunziza) bose havuzwe ko umutima wahagaze giturumbuka.

6/11 barabaye impunzi inyuma yo kurongora u Burundi (Mwambutsa IV, Ntare V, Michel Micombero, Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, Pierre Buyoya na Sylvestre Ntibantunganya).

5/11 barapfunzwe inyuma y’ubutegetsi (Ntare V Charles Ndizeye, Michel MIcombero, Melchior Ndadaye, Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, Domitien Ndayizeye).

2/11 barahambwe hanze y’u Burundi (Mwambutsa IV, Pierre Buyoya), naho umwe yahavuye atahanwa inyuma y’imyaka ine.

1/11 yaraciriwe urubanza rwo gupfungwa ubuzima bwose, inyuma y’ubutegetsi (Perezida Buyoya).

Source: crédits à Francine Umuratwa 

Ubona gutwara u Burundi byoroshe? Ese kuba umukuru w’igihugu bigomba byanze bikunze guhitana ababikora?

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