Mwalimu :HAKIZIMANA Maurice
- Source
- Abdou Aziz Diédhiou
- BBC News Afrique
Kuba Perezida wa Repubulika ni umwe mu myanya ikomeye kandi y’icyubahiro abantu benshi bifuza kugeraho mu buzima. Ariko si buri wese byorohera kugera kuri iyo ntego. Niba nawe uyifite, ntugacike intege, kuko hari bamwe bageze kuri uwo mwanya mu buryo butunguranye, ndetse bamwe batigeze banawurota. Akenshi ni ubuzima bugoye buba ku muntu n’ibihe anyuramo bimugeza ku rwego rwo kuba yakwitwa Hizegeselensi,Nyenicubahiro,Nyakubahwa, Perezida.
Nyamara inyuma y’uko bamwe bageze ku butegetsi hejuru iyo, baha hihishe amateka atangaje, amwe akaba atazwi cyane cyangwa akaba adasanzwe.
BBC News Afrique (mu gifaransa) yanditse zimwe mu nkuru zidasanzwe z’ubuzima bwa ba Perezida ngiye kubasangiza mu rurimi mwumva. Muramenya ibyo bakoraga mbere yo kuba abakuru b’ibihugu.
Wanasoma : Menya abaperezida badashaka kurekura ubutegetsi muri Afurika
1- Paul Kagamé, Rwanda: ubuzima bushaririye bwo kuba impunzi
Paul Kagame, Perezida w’u Rwanda, ni umwe mu bayobozi bazwi cyane kandi bafite ijambo rikomeye muri Afurika. Ayoboye u Rwanda kuva mu mwaka wa 1994 nka visi perezida no kuva muri 2000 nka perezida.
Nyamara nta cyagaragazaga ko azagera kuri uwo mwanya. Yavutse mu mwaka 1955 mu muryango w’Abatutsi, aza guhunga igihugu hamwe n’umuryango we bajya muri Uganda nyuma y’imvururu zishingiye ku moko zari zibasiye u Rwanda mu bihe bya za revolisiyo n’ishingwa rya Repubulika.
Muri Uganda yabayeho nk’impunzi, akora cyane kugira ngo afashe umuryango we kubaho. Yaje gucikisha amashuri (atarangije ayisumbuye) ajya mu nyeshyamba zari ziyobowe na Yoweli Kaguta Museveni washakaga gufata ubutegetsi ku ngufu muri Uganda.
Ibyo bihe byo kuba impunzi byamwubatsemo gukotana, gukaza umutsi,gukomera ku nshingano no kugira disipulini, ibintu byamufashije nyuma kuyobora Front Patriotique Rwandais (FPR Inkotanyi), umutwe w’inyeshyamba zateye u Rwanda ku ya 1 ukwakira 1990 zigafata igihugu mu kwa 7 kwa 1994 nyuma ya Jenoside.
Paul Kagame yize imyaka ine y’amashuri yisumbuye maze kubera urupfu rwa se hamwe n’ubuzima bwari bugoye,ahagarika ibyo kwiga ajya mu mutwe w’Inyeshyamba zari ziyobowe n’umugabo w’umunya Uganda Jenerali Yoweri Kaguta Museveni Tibuhaburwa wari ufite ibirindiro muri Tanzaniya.
Kuva ubwo, Paul Kagame yakomeje kuyobora igihugu gisirikare, aho abamunenga bamwita umunyagitugu utagira impuhwe abamukunda bakabyita igitsure cya ngombwa.
Ushaka inkuru irambuye ku mavu n’amavuko ya bwana Paul Kagame, wasoma hano: Paul Kagame Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda: Ubuzima bwe,Igihugu cye, n’Amashuri ye
2- William Ruto, Kenya : yazunguje inkoko n’ubunyobwa
William Ruto akunze kwitwa “The Hustler” bisobanura umukene uhatana ushakisha imibereho atizigamye. Uyu Perezida wa Kenya ni urugero rugaragaza ko umuntu ashobora kuva hasi cyane akagera kure cyane.
Akiri muto, yize amashuri abanza agenda n’amaguru nta nkweto yambaye. Inkweto za mbere yazambaye afite imyaka 15. Ikindi gitangaje ni uko yigeze kuba umuzuguzaji w’inkoko n’ubunyobwa.
Yagendaga mu masoko yo mu byaro cyangwa agahagarara ku muhanda mu gace ka Rift Valley agurisha inkoko n’ubunyobwa ku bantu bahisi n’abagenzi bahanyura.
Kubera umurava no kwihangana, yabashije gukomeza amashuri kugeza muri Kaminuza ya Nairobi, aho yaboneye impamyabumenyi y’ikirenga (Doctorat) mu binyabuzima.
Yavutse ku wa 21 Ukuboza 1966 hafi y’umujyi wa Eldoret. Mu kwiyamamaza kwe, yiyise “umuvugizi w’abakene.”
3- Adama Barrow, Gambie : umuzamu i Londres
Adama Barrow ni urugero rw’umuntu usanzwe wo muri rubanda wageze ku butegetsi mu bushorishori. Kubera kubura akazi mu gihugu cye, ubushomeri n’ubukene bwatumye ajya kuba umwimukira mu Bwongereza muri 2003 afite imyaka 38. Agezeyo, yabaye umuzamu urinda ibigo n’amaduka.
Yigeze kuvuga ati: “Ubuzima ni urugendo.” Mu gihe yarindaga amaduka, yakundaga gusoma ibitabo no kwandika kugira ngo akomeze kwiyungura ubumenyi.
Avuga ko gukora amasaha 15 ku munsi byamwigishije gukomera no kwihangana.
Yavukiye mu cyaro cya Gambiya mbere gato y’ubwigenge bw’icyo gihugu. Nyuma yo gukora imirimo itandukanye no kwiga, yabaye rwiyemezamirimo mu by’ubucuruzi bw’imitungo itimukanwa mbere yo kugera ku butegetsi.
4- Jacob Zuma (Afurika y’Epfo): umushumba
Jacob Zuma ni umwe mu bayobozi bamenyekanye cyane muri Afurika y’Epfo. Yavutse mu w’ 1942 muri KwaZulu-Natal. Se yapfuye akiri muto, bituma akurira mu bukene. Yaretse ishuri hakiri kare cyane (akiri muri purimeri) kugira ngo ajye afasha nyina ubuzima bugoye.
Mu mirimo yakoze harimo kuragira inka mu rwuri runini rwo mu cyaro cya Afurika y’Epfo.
Abamuzi bavuga ko yari umushumba uyu w’inkoni uragira inka ku gasozi, iyo nkoni agahora ayikinisha nk’uri kurwana intambara mu gihe yakomezaga kurinda ubushyo bwe.
Uwo murimo wamwigishije kwihangana no kutadohoka, ibintu byamufashije mu rugamba rwo kurwanya ivangura ry’amoko (Apartheid) ndetse no mu gihe yari Perezida.
5- Andry Rajoelina (Madagascar): DJ wari uzi gukangura imbaga
Andry Rajoelina yamenyekanye mbere nk’umucuruzi ndetse n’umu DJ uvangavanga imiziki akanategura ibitaramo.
Yavutse ku wa 30 Gicurasi 1974 i Antsirabe. Muri 1994, afite imyaka 20 gusa, yatangiye gukora akazi ka DJ (Disc Jockey).
Yateguraga ibitaramo byitabirwaga cyane i Antananarivo kandi ni umwe mu batangije ibitaramo bya Live muri Madagascar.
Muri 2009 yageze ku butegetsi nyuma y’imyigaragambyo yamaganaga uwari Perezida icyo gihe. Nyuma na we yaje guhura n’imvururu zatumye ava ku butegetsi shishi itabona ntiyanagerageza kuburwanaho yurira indege arigendera.
6- Ali Bongo,(Gabon): umuhanzi
Ali Bongo Ondimba mbere yo kuba umunyapolitiki yari umuhanzi w’umuziki. Mbere yo gusimbura se, Omar Bongo, ku buyobozi bwa Gabon, Ali Bongo yaririmbye umuziki wa funk, soul na rhythm and blues.
Muri 1977 yasohoye album yise A Brand New Man ku izina rya Alain Bongo, izina yari afite mbere yo kwinjira mu idini ya Islamu.
N’ubwo iyo album itigeze igera ku rwego rwo kwamamara cyane bikabije; nyuma yaje kubaka izina rikomeye muri politiki no kuyobora Gabon.
7- Yoweli Kaguta Museveni,Uganda : Umushumba w’inka
Yoweli Kaguta Museveni amaze imyaka irenga 40 ari ku butegetsi muri Uganda. Mbere yo kuba Perezida, yari umuyobozi w’inyeshyamba akaba umuhanga mu by’intambara.
Ariko mbere y’ibyo byose, yari umwungeri (umushumba) w’inka zo ku gasozi.
Yavutse mu mwaka wa 1944 mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba bwa Uganda, mu muryango w’abatunzi b’inka z’inyambo. Mu muco w’iwabo, inka zari ubutunzi n’ishema ry’umuryango.
Akiri muto, yashingwaga kujyana ubushyo mu rwuri no kuburinda abajura ndetse n’inyamaswa z’inkazi.
Museveni ubwe avuga ko ari muri ubwo buzima bwo mu rwuri yigiye kwihangana, kuba maso no kugira disipulini.
“Ushaka kuyobora abantu neza, abanza kumenya kuragira inka.”_Yoweli Kaguta Museveni Tibuhaburwa
Nyuma, amaze kuba Perezida, yakundaga kwibutsa abantu inkomoko ye kugira ngo agaragaze ko atigeze yitandukanya n’abaturage basanzwe. N’ubu afite urwuri runini rwororerwamo ibihumbi by’inka.
Akunda kwishongora avuga ngo “ushaka kuyobora abantu neza, abanza kumenya kuragira inka.”
Imyaka isaga 40 ayobora igihugu gisirikare, aho abamunenga bamwita umunyagitugu uyobora abaturage nk’uyobora inka koko, abamukunda bakabyita igitsure cya ngombwa cyangwa umunyagitugu udafite icyo atwaye.
8- Georges Weah, Libéria : umukinnyi w’umupira w’ikirangirire watwaye Ballon d’or aba perezida wa Repubulika
George Weah ni umwe mu bakinnyi b’umupira w’amaguru b’Abanyafurika bageze ku rwego rwo hejuru kurusha abandi.
Amateka azahora yibuka ko ari we Munyafurika wa mbere wegukanye Ballon d’Or muri 1995.
Azibukwa kandi nk’umukinnyi wa mbere wabaye Perezida wa Repubulika.
Yavukiye mu muryango woroheje cyane i Monrovia. Impano ye y’umupira yaje kubonwa na Arsène Wenger wari umutoza wa AS Monaco.
Yakinnye mu makipe akomeye yo ku mugabane w’u Burayi arimo Paris Saint-Germain, AC Milan, Chelsea FC, Manchester City na Olympique de Marseille.
Amaze gusezera ku mupira, yinjiye muri politiki. N’ubwo yatsinzwe inshuro za mbere yiyamamazaga, ntiyacitse intege.
Muri 2018 yatorewe kuba Perezida wa Liberiya. Muri 2023 yemeye ko yatsinzwe n’uwo bahiganwaga mu mahoro, ashyikiriza ubutegetsi uwo bari bahanganye.Urugero rwiza cyane rw’umuntu ujijutse utihambira ku butegetsi.
9- Volodymyr Zelensky-Ukraine : Umunyarwenya wabaye perezida w’igihugu gikomeye
Volodymyr Zelensky ni umwe mu bayobozi bafite amateka adasanzwe.
Mbere yo kuba Perezida, yari umunyarwenya, umukinnyi wa filime ndetse n’utunganya ibiganiro by’imyidagaduro.
Yamenyekanye cyane muri filime y’uruhererekane yitwa Servant of the People, aho yakinaga ari umwarimu usanzwe uba Perezida w’igihugu ku bw’impanuka y’amahirwe.
Yavutse mu mwaka wa 1978 mu muryango w’Abayahudi. Muri 2015, iyo filime yatumye aba icyamamare muri Ukraine.
Mu wa 2018 yatunguye benshi atangaza ko aziyamamariza kuyobora igihugu.
Yiyamamazaga ashyira imbere kurwanya ruswa no kugarura amahoro. Mu wa 2019 yatsinze amatora ku majwi menshi cyane, aba Perezida wa Ukraine.
Nyuma gato, yisanze ayobora igihugu kiri mu ntambara ikomeye n’u Burusiya, ibintu byamugize umwe mu bayobozi bazwi cyane ku isi.
10- Lula Ignacio Dá silva, Brésil :(Burezili): Umukozi usanzwe wo mu ruganda wabaye Perezida
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, uzwi cyane ku izina rya Lula, akomoka mu muryango ukennye cyane.
Mu wa 1952, nyina yimukanye n’abana be umunani ajya gushakira imibereho myiza mu mugi i São Paulo, ahunga amapfa n’inzara.
Lula yatangiye gukora afite imyaka 12 gusa. Yabanje gukora mu ruganda rusiga amarangi, akajya ahanagura inkweto abantu mu mugi nyuma aza gukora akazi ko mu biro.
Agejeje ku myaka 14, yabonye amasezerano y’akazi mu ruganda rukomeye.
Yize umwuga wo gutunganya ibyuma, aza kuba umukozi w’inganda ndetse n’umuyobozi w’amashyirahamwe aharanira uburenganzira bw’abakozi.
Muri 1980 yashinze Workers’ Party (PT) ishyaka ry’Abakozi bakorana umwete.
Muri 2003, uwo wahoze ari umukozi w’uruganda yabaye Perezida wa mbere wa Burezili utarigeze agira impamyabumenyi ya kaminuza habe no gukandagirayo.
Yayoboye igihugu kugeza muri 2011. Nyuma y’imyaka myinshi, yagarutse ku butegetsi muri 2023, nyuma yo guhanagurwaho ibyaha bya ruswa yari yarashinjwe n’inkiko za Burezili.
Ngaba abaperezida bose ba Afurika bahuriye hamwe mu nama ya 37 y’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe (UA)
Izi nkuru zose zigaragaza ko umuntu ashobora kuva mu buzima busanzwe cyane,bwo hasi cyane — nk’ubw’impunzi, ubushumba, ubuzamu, ubucuruzi bwo ku muhanda, guconga ruhago cyangwa ubuzimwa bw’umunyarwenya — akazagera kure hashoboka ndetse wenda no ku rwego rwo kuyobora igihugu. Akenshi umurava, kwihangana n’amahirwe agwirira umuntu ni byo bihindura amateka ye. Ntugacike intege.
Iyi si,
Prof HAKIZIMANA Maurice II Kunkurikira kuri Whatsapp https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaCyM5ILdQejDYwQ2b2u II Kunkurikira kuri facebook: https://www.facebook.com/professormaurice/.
Mwalimu Hakizimana Maurice ni umwarimu w’umwuga ufite impamyabumenyi ya master mu burezi yakuye muri Université Catholique de Paris no mu bumenyamuntu yakuye muri Sorbonne Université. Afite kandi impamyabushobozi (titre professionnel) mu by’ubukerarugendo n’icungamutungo yahawe na Ministère du Travail et des Solidarités/Région Parisienne.Ni umwarimu akaba n’umukozi wa Cité internationale universitaire de Paris.
Mwalimu Hakizimana Maurice ni umwanditsi w’igitabo “UTABA AMATEKA NTABONA ITAKA” Editions Scribes.
Igitabo UTABA AMATEKA NTABONA ITAKA kiboneka kuri Amazon unyuze hano:
https://sellercentral.amazon.com/nms/redirect/98e82759-1a8e-30da-b03d-97ecd6fa2281?nt=PRINT_LISTING&sk=BHA8IdY56n9BoLFaPNd1bWm5-xgcP2zJgEk5Dnxeqdwdhyo_EcOiXVfOw2gMApbV9-HvwpATOID5XhQ8TNzZwg&n=1&u=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYW1hem9uLmNvbS9kcC8yOTMxMjY2MjIx.
Wanamwandikira kuri e_mail: m.hakizimana@isfec-idf.net cyangwa kuri Whatsapp No:+33 7 58 90 35 49.
UTABA AMATEKA NTABONA ITAKA kiboneka no muri format électronique (soft copy) unyuze hano: https://www.amazon.it/Utaba-Amateka-Ntabona-Itaka-Afrikaans-ebook/dp/B0GTQZ4CBC?fbclid=IwVERDUARzok1leHRuA2Flb
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