Galilée- Yaciriwe urubanza rwa Ngondangonde arenganywa na Kiliziya Gatolika

HAKIZIMANA Maurice

Hagati y’ikinyejana cya 14 n’icya 16, abahanga mu bya siyansi n’abahanga muri filozofiya b’i Burayi, batangiye gusobanukirwa ibyerekeye isanzure ry’ikirere mu buryo butandukanye n’uko Kiliziya Gatolika yabyigishaga. Umwe mu bahinduye uko babonaga ibirebana n’isanzure ry’ikirere ni Galilée cyangwa Galileo Galilei.

Galileo (Galileo cyangwa Galilei), yavukiye i Pisa mu Butaliyani ku ya 15 Gashyantare 1564, apfira i Arcetri hafi ya Florence ku ya 8/1/1642, yari umuhanga mu mibare,umuhanga mu bumenyi bw’ikirere na jewometiri wo mu kinyejana cya 17

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MBERE ya Galilée abantu benshi bari bazi ko izuba, imibumbe ndetse n’inyenyeri byose bizenguruka isi. Iyo nyigisho yaje kuba imwe mu nyigisho z’ibanze za Kiliziya Gatolika.

Nubwo iyo nyigisho yo mu rwego rwa siyansi yemerwaga na benshi, Galilée yaje kwifashisha telesikopi aza kubona ibimenyetso biyivuguruza. Urugero, igihe yabonaga ibisa n’ibizinga ku zuba yamenye ko isi ifite urwikaragiro. Iki ni kimwe mu bintu yabonye bigatuma abantu barushaho kumenya ibirebana n’isanzure ry’ikirere. Ariko nanone ibyo byari kuzatuma agirana amakimbirane na Kiliziya Gatolika.

Iyo Siyansi igonganye n’Inyigisho za Kiliziya n’Amadini

Imyaka ibarirwa muri mirongo mbere yaho, umuhanga mu by’inyenyeri witwa Nicolas Copernic wo muri Polonye yari yaradukanye inyigisho ivuga ko isi izenguruka izuba. Galilée yasesenguye ibyo Copernic yavuze ku birebana n’ingendo zikorwa n’imibumbe yo mu kirere, kandi ashaka ibimenyetso byemeza ko iyo nyigisho ari ukuri. Galilée yabanje kugira ubwoba bwo gutangaza bimwe mu byo yagezeho, atinya ko abantu bazamuseka. Icyakora ibyo yavumbuye yifashishije telesikopi ye yananiwe kubyihererana, amaherezo  aza kubitangaza. Bamwe mu bahanga muri siyansi bumvaga ko ibitekerezo bye birimo ubushotoranyi, maze bidatinze abayobozi ba Kiliziya na bo batangira kujya bamusebereza kuri alitari.

Mu mwaka wa 1616, Karidinari Bellarmine wari “umuhanga ukomeye mu bya tewolojiya icyo gihe,” yamenyesheje Galilée ko Kiliziya Gatolika yari yaciye iteka ryamagana ibitekerezo bya Copernic. Yihanangirije Galilée amubwira ko akwiriye gukurikiza iryo tegeko, maze mu myaka yakurikiyeho Galilée areka gutangariza mu ruhame ko isi izenguruka izuba.

Mu wa 1623, himitswe Papa Urbain wa VIII wari incuti ya Galilée. Mu wa 1624 Galilée yamusabye gusesa iteka ryari ryaraciwe mu wa 1616. Aho kugira ngo Urbain arisese, yasabye Galilée gusobanura ukuntu inyigisho za Copernic zivuguruzanya n’iza Aristote, ariko ntagire aho abogamira.

Nyuma yaho Galilée yanditse igitabo kivuga iby’izo nyigisho (Dialogue on the Great World Systems). Nubwo uwo mupapa yategetse Galilée kutagira aho abogamira, byaje kugaragara ko icyo gitabo cyari kibogamiye kuri Copernic. Nyuma yaho gato, abanzi ba Galilée batangiye kuvuga ko icyo gitabo cyashebeje uwo mupapa. Bashinje Galilée ubuhakanyi kandi bamukangisha kumukorera ibikorwa by’iyicarubozo, maze bituma yemeza ko inyigisho za Copernic ari ibinyoma.

Mu mwaka wa 1633, Urukiko rwa Kiliziya Gatolika rwamukatiye gufungishwa ijisho, kandi batangaza ko ibitabo bye biciwe. Galilée yapfiriye iwe hari hagizwe Gereza mu karere ka Arcetri hafi y’umugi wa Florence, ku itariki ya 8 Mutarama 1642.

Ibyiciro by’ukwezi byashushanijwe na Galileo mu 1616.

Amateka yandikishijwe intoki na Galileo yabanje gusobanuramo ibyo yavumbuye ku mubumbe wa Jupiter mu 1610.

Papa Yohani Pawulo wa II yemeye ko Kiliziya Gatolika yarenganyije Galilée

Bimwe mu bitabo yanditse byamaze imyaka igera kuri 200 biri ku rutonde rw’ibitabo abayoboke ba Kiliziya Gatolika batemerewe gusoma. Hashize imyaka 300, ni ukuvuga mu mwaka wa 1979, Kiliziya Gatolika yasubiyemo urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rwa Kiliziya. Amaherezo mu mwaka wa 1992 Papa Yohani Pawulo wa II yemeye ko Kiliziya Gatolika yarenganyije Galilée.

Galilée mu rukiko rwa Inquisition rwaciraga manza abataravgaga rumwe na Kiiziya Gatolika, aha yari imbere ya Cristiano Banti, 1857.

MURI MAKE

• Galilée yavukiye mu mugi wa Pisa mu Butaliyani, mu mwaka wa 1564. Uwo mugi wamenyekanye cyane bitewe n’umunara wubatswemo. Yigishije muri kaminuza ya Padua nyuma yaho ajya gukorera mu mugi wa Florence ari na ho yabaga.
• Nubwo Galilée atari we wahimbye telesikopi, yagize uruhare runini mu kuyongerera ubushobozi bwo kureba kure, bituma irushaho kugira akamaro.
• Ibitekerezo yari afite ku birebana n’ikirere, byatumye Urukiko rwa Kiliziya Gatolika rumuhamagaza incuro ebyiri. Urwo rukiko ni rwo rwahanaga abantu banengaga inyigisho za Kiliziya.

Ese Urukiko rwa Kiliziya rwakoreye Galilée ibikorwa by’iyicarubozo?

Bamwe mu bahanga mu by’amateka bavuga ko Urukiko rwa Kiliziya rushobora kuba rwarakoreye Galilée ibikorwa by’iyicarubozo. Urubanza yaciriwe ruvuga ko byabaye ngombwa ko “akorwaho iperereza mu buryo bukaze” kugira ngo umugambi nyawo yari afite umenyekane. Mu mvugo yakoreshwaga muri urwo rukiko, incuro nyinshi ibyo byumvikanishaga “ibikorwa by’iyicarubozo,” wenda bikaba byakwerekezwa ku “magambo y’iyicarubozo.”

Papa Urbain VIII (Maffeo Barberini).

Abahanga bavuga ko ibikorwa by’iyicarubozo byakorwaga mu byiciro kandi ko bitababazaga kimwe. Bashobora kuba barabanzaga gutera ubwoba ushinjwa bamwereka ibikoresho byifashishwa mu kubabaza abantu, bakagera ubwo bamwambura imyenda cyangwa bakamuzirika, ndetse bakaba banamukorera ibindi bikorwa byo kumubabaza bikaze kurushaho. Kugeza ubu, uko Galilée ‘yakozweho iperereza mu buryo bukaze’ biracyari iyobera.

Sources: Wikipedia na jw.org

Iyi si

HAKIZIMANA Maurice  II Kunkurikira kuri Whatsapp https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaCyM5ILdQejDYwQ2b2 II Kunkurikira kuri facebook: https://www.facebook.com/professormaurice/.