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“Ibinyoma bya Leta” ni iki? Menya ko ari byo bibi kurusha ibyitwa « amakuru y’ibihuha»

February 21, 2024
professormaurice
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HAKIZIMANA Maurice

Muri siyansi yiga ibya politike,imvugo “Ibinyoma bya Leta”( Le mensonge d’État/ State Lies) isobanura amakuru y’ibinyoma atangwa na za guverinoma, abavugizi ba za leta, cyangwa abategetsi ubwabo babizi neza ko bari kubeshya ababumva, ariko ari bwo buryo bahisemo. Ni amakuru ashobora kuba arimo ibinyoma ku kibazo cy’umutekano w’igihugu, bishobora kuba ibinyoma bigamije guhishira amakosa, ibyaha, n’amahano bakoze, cyangwa se bikaba ibinyoma bacuze neza mu rwego rwo kurangaza abaturage, cyangwa gutuma badatekereza cyane ku bibazo bibugarije. Ni uburyo bwo kuyobya intekerezo za rubanda.

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“Mpitamo kubwira Abafaransa ibinyoma bibashyira hejuru aho kubabwira ukuri kubashyira hasi .”–Charles de Gaulle

Perezida w’Ubufaransa Jenerali Charles de Gaulle

Mu mvugo yumvikana neza “ibinyoma bya Leta” ni iyozabwonko. Za Leta hafi ya zose zo muri iyi si zigira bene ibyo binyoma, ariko mu bihugu biyoborwa n’abanyagitugu ho, buri jambo ryose riba ririmo “ikinyoma cya Leta”. Ubutegetsi bw’igitugu nk’ubwigeze kubaho mu Budage (IIIe Reich) ubwabayeho muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti (URSS ) cyangwa ubwabayeho mu Bushinwa nibwo bwaciye agahigo. Ariko za guverinoma nyinshi ndetse n’izo muri ibi bihugu (byo mu Burengerazuba bw’Isi) byitwa ko bigendera kuri “demukarasi” byagiye byimika ibinyoma bya Leta byinshi kandi byatsembye abantu benshi mu isi.

Abaturage bamwe, cyane cyane abakiri bato (abakiri abana) babeshywa byoroshye n’abategetsi babo, nibo usanga akenshi baba basizoye baririmba basingiza abategetsi cyane, kabone n’ubwo baba bari kubaroha cyangwa kubatindahaza. Abakuze bo (abamaze imyaka myinshi) baba barabeshywe kenshi bakagera aho bakamenya “ibinyoma bya Leta”. Ni muri abo usanga bigengesera, keretse iyo nabo bafite inyungu mu gukwirakwiza ibyo binyoma.

Ingero zimwe na zimwe z’ibinyoma bya Leta zibukwa na benshi

(1)Ibinyoma bya Leta mu gihe cy’icyorezo cya Covid-19

Mu kwezi kwa Werurwe 2020 isi yose yahungabanyijwe n’icyorezo cyiswe Covid-19. Iyi ndwara si ikinyoma,kuko yishe abantu kandi ikaba ivurwa n’imiti nk’uko byemezwa n’abaganga. Ariko ko se byagenze gute kugira ngo aba Minisitirii na ba Perezida (n’abandi bategetsi) yewe ndetse n’Abapolisi bitwaje intwaro abe ari bo bihindura Abaganga n’Abahanga mu by’ubuvuzi basobanura umunsi ku wundi kuri za Radiyo na Televiziyo amabwiriza ajyanye n’indwara y’icyorezo? Ese muribuka ko bigitangira abanyepolitike batubwiye ko kwambara agapfukamunwa atari kamara (ko dufata izindi ngamba,harimo gukaraba, kutaramukanya, guhana intera, kudasangira, kudahurira hamwe,…) nyamara bamara kudutumiza ku bwinshi bagahindura imvugo bakatubwira ko kwambara agapfukamunwa ari itegeko? “Ibinyoma bya Leta”.

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(2)François Mitterrand na Jacques Chirac babeshya Abafaransa ku byerekeranye n’igihu cyatewe n’iturika ry’uruganda rw’ingufu za nikeleyere (nucléaire) rwa Tchernobyl

Ni muri dosiye yiswe  « nuage de Tchernobyl ». Iturika ry’uruganda rw’ingufu za nikeleyere (nucléaire) rwa Tchernobyl tariki ya 26 Mata 1986, ryateye ubwoba abanyaburayi bose. Byabaye icyorezo giteye ubwoba kurusha ubukana bwa covid19. Ibihugu by’iburayi byose byarahungabanye kandi bihagarika ubuzima uretse igihugu kimwe gusa……Ubufaransa. Perezida wa Repubulika icyo gihe bwana François Mitterrand na Minisitiri w’Intebe we bwana Jacques Chirac bahisemo gushaka ikinyoma babwira abaturage babo kugira ngo badashya ubwoba.

Tariki 28 mata 1986, igihe igihu cyuzuye uburozi bwica cyari gitangiye kuza cyerekeza mu Burayi bw’Iburengerazuba, Profeseri Pellerin yagiye kuri Televiziyo abwira Abafaransa ati: « Nta muntu n’umwe iki gihu cy’uburozi kizahungabanya hano iwacu. Abafite ingorane ni abegereye uruganda rwaturitse gusa, ndetse Abarusiya batubwiye ko abapfuye n’abagizweho ingaruka ari abari bari mu ruganda imbere igihe cy’iturika ryarwo. Muryame musinzire. » 

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Iminsi ibiri nyuma yaho, icyo kinyoma cya Leta cyasubiwemo incuro zitabarika na za televiziyo,za radiyo n’ibinyamakuru byose byo mu gihugu. Urugero, kuri Televiziyo ya Leta, igihe havugwaga amakuru y’Iteganyagihe kuri Antenne 2 , umunyamakuru yagize ati : 

« Mu Bufaransa, dufite ubushobozi bwo gukingira ikirere cyacu biriya bihu byose dukoresheje anticyclone des Açores ; nta gahu na gato kazaduca mu rihumye ngo kinjire mu kirere cyacu kavuye mu Kirere cy’Iburasirazuba bw’iburayi. Dufite intwaro ibisama byose! » 

Iki kinyoma cya Leta cyari gikabije kuko igihu ntigikangwa n’imipaka kandi nta ntwaro n’imwe ibaho yabuza uburozi bw’igihu kwinjira mu kirere cy’ikindi gihugu. Ubu twese tuzi uko byagenze, Ubufaransa bwagezweho n’ubwo burozi kimwe n’ibindi bihugu byose by’iburayi byegereye aho iryo turika ryabereye cyangwa bihitaruye. Ingaruka zabwo nazo zirazwi. Byari “ikinyoma cya Leta”.

Le Figaro, 8 mai 1986. En agrandissement, Libération, 12 mai 1986.

(3)“Nta ngabo z’u Rwanda ziri muri Kongo”-Minisitiri Dr Charles Muligande kuri BBC Gahuzamiryango

Turi mu mwaka wa 2003 igihe umutwe witwaga RCD Goma wari ushyigikiwe cyane n’u Rwanda wateraga Repubulika Iharanira demukarasi ya Kongo (RDC) yari iyobowe na perezida mushya kandi wari ukiri muto, bwana Joseph Kabila Kabange. Isi yose yamaganye u Rwanda rwashyirwaga mu majwi ko ari rwo rwateye Kongo rwihishe mu mutaka w’izo nyeshyamba. Leta y’u Rwanda yabihakanye igaramye aho yabibazwaga hose. Yavugaga ko nta musirikare n’umwe w’u Rwanda uri ku butaka bwa RDC. Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’amahanga w’u Rwanda icyo gihe yari Dr Charles Muligande, akaba umukirisito byahamye (umurokore) kandi akaba azwiho,mu buzima busanzwe, kuba “inyangamugayo” nk’uko abamwegereye babivugaga. Umunyamakuru wa BBC Gahuzamiryango bwana Laurent Ndayihurume yamuhase ibibazo, amubaza amusubirishamo kenshi niba koko ahakana ko “nta ngabo z’u Rwanda” ziri ku butaka bwa Kongo,undi nawe amusubiza kenshi ko nta ngabo,habe n’umusirikare uyu umwe w’u Rwanda uriyo. Umunyamakuru amwibutsa ko ari umukirisitu wakijijwe amusubirishamo ati “Nk’umukiristu, ni ukuri kw’Imana koko nta basirikare b’u Rwanda bari muri Kongo”? Undi ati “Ntabo” Umunyamakuru ati “Ni ukuri kw’Imana?” Minisitiri Charles Muligande ati ” Ni ukuri kw’Impamo kuko Imana yo igira ukuri kwayo”.

Dr Charles Muligande Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’amahanga w’u Rwanda mu mwaka wa 2003

Babyita “Ikinyoma cya Leta”.Nyamara hashize iminsi mike nyuma y’icyo kiganiro, perezida Paul Kagame yemeye ko ingabo z’u Rwanda ziriyo, kandi ubu nta n’umwe uhakana ko icyo gihe zari ziriyo koko nk’uko byemejwe n’amafoto ya za drones z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye icyo gihe.

(4) “Ibinyoma bya Leta”: kurasa ibisasu bibiri by’uburozi mu migi ya Hiroshima na Nagasaki

Aya mateka y’isi urayazi nta shiti. Tariki ya 6 Kanama 1945 mu ntambara ya kabiri y’isi yose, Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika icyo gihe, bwana Harry Truman yagiye kuri radiyo maze asobanura impamvu igihugu cye cyarashe igisasu cya mbere cy’uburozi mu mugi wa Hiroshima (mu Buyapani) avuga ko uwo mugi wose ari « ibirindiro by’ingabo z’umwanzi» ! Perezida Truman yaje gusobanura ko imigi ya Hiroshima na Nagasaki yagombaga kugirwa umuyonga kubera ko iyo batabikora umwanzi yari kwica abasirikare ba Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika bagera kuri miliyoni. Ibinyamakuru byose byo mu Burengerazuba bw’isi byasubiyemo ayo magambo, bisobanura ko byari ngombwa gutwika iyo migi, ko byakozwe mu rwego rwo kwikingira,no kwirwanaho……

Icyo cyari “ikinyoma cya Leta”. Uyu munsi abageze mu ishuri twese tuzi neza ko ziriya bombes atomiques (ibisasu ruhonyanganda/Ibisasu by’uburozi) byarashwe ku Buyapani, byakozwe mu rwego rwo gukanga incuti ya Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika yari ifitiwe ubwoba, ariyo Leta zunze ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti (URSS), mu rwego rwo kuyereka ko niyibeshya mu myaka ikurikiyeho ikagerageza gutangiza intambara izatwikwa ikaba umuyonga. Ikinyoma cya Leta cyarimbuye imbaga kandi gitera ibyago bigikomeza kugeza uyu munsi.

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(5) Ikinyoma cya Leta y’Uburusiya

Igihugu cy’Uburusiya ni igihugu kizwiho gukoresha “ikinyoma cya Leta” cyane mu mitegekere. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2022 Uburusiya butera Ukraine, ibinyoma byinshi byagiye byisukiranya haba imbere mu gihugu cyangwa hanze.Perezida Vladimir Poutine ni umwe mu bakuru b’ibihugu mu isi bayoboza igitugu neza neza nk’abakuru b’igihugu cya Leta zunze ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti zabyaye Uburusiya.

Perezida w’Uburusiya bwana Vladimir Poutine

Umuhanzi(w’umunyarwenya) w’umurusiya witwa Danilla Poperechny aherutse kwegeranya “ibinyoma bya Leta” byavuzwe muri iyi myaka ya vuba aha,abivuga abikurikiranya yihuta kandi ataruhuka atabanje kuvuga uwabivuze cyangwa aho byavugiwe kugira ngo arebe ko abamukurikiye baratahura uwabivuze:

« Sinifuza kandi sinzigera mpindura Itegekonshinga » ;

« Dufata Ukraine nk’igihugu cyigenga kandi gifite ubusugire bugomba kubahwa  » ;

« Nta mugambi n’umwe dufitiye intara ya Crimea » ;

« Abasirikare bacu ntibariyo kandi ntibigeze bajyayo na rimwe » ;

« Nta ntambara izaba hagati yacu na bo » ;

« Iyi si intambara, reka reka, ni ibikorwa bya gisirikare bidasanzwe » ;

« Nibo ubwabo birasaho » ;

« Turasa neza ku ntego dushaka guhamya » ;

« Ntituzigera dukenera kwinjiza abantu bashya mu gisirikare ».

Izi mvugo zose ni iza bwana Vladimir Poutine mu bihe bitandukanye.Uyu muhanzi ubu uhigwa bukware na Leta y’Uburusiya,akurikirwa n’abantu basaga miliyoni 4 kuri Shene ye ya YouTube yitwa « Spoontamer », yagize ati : 

« Mu Burusiya bwanjye hari ibinyoma byinshi cyane ku buryo Abarusiya batari bake batangiye kubifata nk’ukuri. Baribwira bati : “Ubu se, bishoboka bite ko ibi bintu byose byaba ari ibinyoma?. ”Nyamara,abakerebutse bo barabizi: ibi byose ni ibinyoma gusa gusa. Izo nteruro zose ni ibinyoma byambaye ubusa ! »

Ibinyoma bya Leta biba byinshi kurushaho mu bihe by’intambara

Mu mwaka wa 1928, imyaka icumi nyuma y’intambara ya mbere y’isi yose,umutegetsi w’Umwongereza bwana Arthur Ponsonby yanditse igitabo kinini cyane kivuga ukuntu poropagande y’intambara ikorwa agiha umutwe uvuga ngo : Falsehood in War-Time: Propaganda Lies of the First World War (« Ikinyoma mu bihe by’intambara : ibinyoma byambaye ubusa byakoreshejwe mu Ntambara ya Mbere y’isi yose »). Umwanditsi Arthur Ponsonby abona ko mu ntambara zo muri iki gihe, ibinyoma bikwirakwizwa n’impande zihanganye biba ari byinshi cyane. Biba bikenewe cyane kugira ngo buri ruhande rwireherezeho abantu benshi bo kurushyigikira, no kurutera inkunga zikenewe.

Niba uzi ubwenge, ujye wirinda kumiragura inkuru z’intambara z’uruhande uru cyangwa ruriya. Bene izi nkuru z’urugamba ziba zuzuye ibinyoma byinshi,cyane cyane iziva ku ruhande rwateye igihugu cyangwa rwatangije intambara. Bene ibi binyoma biba biremereye kandi ari bibi kurusha inkuru mpimbano zisanzwe twita « fake news » zicaracara kuri interineti. Izo mu ntambara zo ziba zuzuyeho amaraso y’abantu.

Umusozo

Menya ko politike ari umwuga wuzuyemo ibinyoma. Ibinyoma byinshi cyane kurushaho mu gihe igihugu kiyoborwa n’ubutegetsi bw’igitugu, aho ibinyoma bya Leta cyangwa by’umunyagitugu umwe bihindurwamo “ukuri kutavuguruzwa” ni uko wagerageza kuvuga ibinyuranye nabyo,ugacibwa umutwe cyangwa ugafungwa. Aho niho umenyera ko ikintu ari “ikinyoma cya Leta”: iyo hagize ushaka kucyibazaho ibibazo ntamenya ikimukubise. Bene izo Leta zigira icyo bita “disikuru yemewe na Leta” (uko Leta ibisobanura) kandi abaturage bagahabwa inyito bagomba gusubiramo no gufata mu mutwe nka Gatigisimu. Amatangazo ya Leta, ijambo ry’umutegetsi, ibyo umutegetsi runaka yanditse kuri Twitter (ubu yabaye X), ku mbuga nkoranyambaga zemewe, urwandiko rwa Leta, ibyitwa “notes verbales” (inyandiko zihererekanywa mu bubanyi n’amahanga), cyangwa ibyavuzwe n’abavugizi ba Leta bemewe gusa … byose bitugeraho byabanje kunyuzwa mu kayunguruzo kitwa “Ibinyoma bya Leta”. Uragowe wowe urwana umuhenerezo ushyigikira ibyo utazi, usubiramo cyangwa umiragura bunguri ibyo abanyepolitike bose batangaza ukabifata nk’ukuri kutavuguruzwa.

Kandi irari ryabo rizabatera gushaka indamu kuri mwe bababwiye amagambo y’amahimbano, ariko iteka baciriwe ho uhereye kera ntirizatinda, no kurimbuka kwabo ntiguhunikira.(2 Petero 2:3)

IYI SI,

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Mwalimu HAKIZIMANA MAURICE 

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