UBUMENYI BWA SIYANSI N'IKORANABUHANGA UBUZIMA

Isomo rya neuroscience: Mu ngaruka zo gukoresha interineti ku bwonko bwacu, harimo iyo kubushyira mu mimerere yo gusinzira,n’ituma bubunga hirya no hino («vagabondage mental »)

November 17, 2023
professormaurice
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Hakizimana Maurice

Mu isomo rya neuroscience (ubumenyi bwiga imikorere y’ubwonko n’ingirabuzimafatizo nyamwakura zabwo )twiga ko uko turushaho gukoresha interineti,ari na ko ubushobozi bw’ubwonko bwacu bwo kuguma hamwe bwangirika, ni uko ubwonko bukigira mu mimerere (en mode) yo gusinzira, kandi bukabunga hirya no hino («vagabondage mental »).Ibi bintu bibiri birakomeye cyane,kuko muri iki gihe ari ho usanga abantu batagitekereza neza, barambirwa gusoma inyandiko ngufi (nka paji 2 cyangwa 3) cyangwa batakibasha kugumisha ubwonko bwabo ku ngingo imwe. Reka mbasangize isomo natanze umwaka ushize,ndagerageza kuritanga mu Kinyarwanda mu mvugo isa n’iyoroheje n’ubwo bitoroshye.

I.Abenshi ntibakibasha gusoma inyandiko ndende,cyangwa ibitabo!

Patrick, umwe mu bagizweho ingaruka na interneti agira ati: « Sinkibasha gusoma».

Yemera ko amara igihe cye hafi ya cyose kuri interineti,haba mu kazi akora,haba no mu masaha ye yose yandi! We rero yanakoraga mu isosiyete ikora utu videwo two kuri interneti two gusetsa,twa tundi dukwirakwira ku mbuga nkoranyambaga tutigisha ahubwo dusetsa gusa.Yamaraga igihe cye cyose aducura, adukata, atwongeramo imizika,adushyira ku mbuga!(aho ni ku kazi).

Ku mugoroba,yataha, akongera akegura telefoni ye y’ubwenge(sicyo “smartphone”bivuga harya?) akareba ibihita byose,akajya no mu dukino twa videwo( jeux vidéo) two kuri interineti akazerera mu mbuga nkoranyambaga zose kugeza mu gicuku!

Kera kabaye, afata IGITABO yakundaga cyane ngo asome, pafuuuuuu…biranga. No gusoma ipaji imwe ubwenge buri hamwe biranga neza neza. Uko yahatirizaga ngo asome, ubwonko bwe bwangaga guhama hamwe (son attention dérivait),bukabungera hirya no hino.Yagerageza kubugarura hamwe,bikanga!

Niba gufata igitabo nya gitabo mu ntoko ugasoma ugatwarwa ukakimaramo umwanya bisigaye bikugora,utangire witekerezeho! Gukabya kuba kuri Interineti no ku mbuga nkoranyambaga byangiza ubushobozi bw’ubwonko.

II.Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo gushyira ubwonko hamwe(Érosion attentionnelle)

Indwara Patrick arwaye,abenshi muri mwe muri gusoma iri somo barwaye,ni indwara mu isomo ry’iyigabwonko,yitwa “érosion attentionnelle”. (Ngenekereje ni ugutakaza ubushobozi bwo gushyira no kugumisha ubwonko hamwe).

                    L'érosion attentionnelle ( indwara yo gutakaza ubushobozi bwo gushyira  no kugumisha ubwonko hamwe) ifata abamara igihe gikabije kuri interineti no ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, bigatera ihungabana ry'imiyoboro(réseau/network) ihuza ibice byose by'ubwonko, uko gucikagurika kwayo bikazana  icyo muri neuroscience twita  "vagabondage mental" (kwa kundi ubwonko bubunga kandi wowe ushaka ko buguma hamwe). Si ibyo gusa kuko bitera ikindi kibazo cyo gucikagurika kw'imiyoboro ituma ubasha kureba,kumva, by'ako kanya " réseau attentionnel dorsal"; nk'igihe hahise ifoto yihuta,aka videwo kagufi cyane,n'ikindi kintu gicaho vuba vuba. Ibyo byose ntuba ukibasha kubibona usanga usaba ngo babigarure ntiwabirebye, ntiwabyumvise. Bihumira ku mirari iyo utakibasha gusoma interuro ndende, inyandiko ngufi usanga wowe ubona ari ndende cyane, ubunebwe bukagufata, ibitabo byo ukabitinya. Ibi rero nibyo bigera aho bigatera umuntu kunanirwa akazi ako ari ko kose kamusaba gushyira ubwenge ku byo akora, no gutekereza. Benshi birukanwa ku kazi bitewe no kukananirwa cyangwa bagahomba mu bucuruzi bitewe no kutakibasha gutekereza bihagije.



Muri make,mu bwonko bwacu,iyo twafashwe n'iyo ndwara, hari ibintu bibiri bigongana! Ni nk'imiyoboro ibiri (réseaux) y'ubwonko iba itagishobora gukorana neza :

Umuyoboro wa mbere witwa « réseau attentionnel dorsal » ni umuyoboro uhuza udutsi two mu bwonko (réseau de neurones)dushinzwe kugumisha ubwonko hamwe ku kintu kivuye hanze kinjijwe n’ibyiyumviro byacu(stimulus extérieurs) nk’amaso,amatwi,n’ibindi[nko kubasha kureba ishusho witonze, kubasha kumva amajwi ubwenge buri hamwe,kubasha kureba videwo yose ukayirangiza ubwonko butazerereye,….]

Réseau attentionnel dorsal

Umuyoboro wa kabiri witwa « réseau de mode par défaut »,ni umuyoboro uzanwa no gusinzira k’ubwonko [ubunebwe bw’ubwonko] bigatuma ubwonko buhora buzerera mu busa,aribyo bitera icyo abahanga muri iri somo ry’iyigabwonko (neuroscience) bita “vagabondage mental”. Ubusanzwe iyo miyoboro ibiri ihora isimburana (s’alterner l’un et l’autre)!

Réseau de mode par défaut

Dore ibibera mu bwonko bwacu iyo turi kuri interneti:

Iyo ari nka video uri kuharebera, uwo muyoboro wa mbere, uwo witwa “réseau attentionnel dorsal” [ufasha ubwonko guhama hamwe] niwo wifungura,ako kanya uriya muyoboro wa kabiri,witwa “réseau de mode par défaut”[utuma ubwonko businzira,bukabunga hirya no hino] ukifunga!

Iyo icyo wari uhugiyeho,warebaga, urugero ya videwo, kirangiye, wa muyoboro wa kabiri “réseau de mode par défaut” [utuma ubwonko businzira,bukabunga hirya no hino] urifungura, hanyuma wa wundi wa mbere, witwa “réseau attentionnel dorsal”[ufasha ubwonko guhama hamwe] ukifunga.

IKIBAZO IKIBAZO KIVUKA RYARI?

Kivuka iyo ufashe igitabo mu ntoki ushaka kugisoma.Icyo gihe uba ukeneye ko umuyoboro [utuma ubwonko businzira, bukabunga hirya no hino] “réseau de mode par défaut” wifunga, hagafunguka umuyoboro ukeneye,“réseau attentionnel dorsal”[ufasha ubwonko guhama hamwe]

Iyo rero uhorana interneti mu ntoki,uhora ureba ibihita byose,ama videwo,amashusho,… ubwonko buracanganyikirwa,ya miyoboro ibiri ukayigonganisha ubutaruhuka, bigatuma ifata umuvuduko wawe wo guhora yifunga yifungura buri masegonda icumi ku bantu babaswe na interneti n’imbuga nkoranyambaga!

INGARUKA NI IZIHE?

Usanga abantu benshi, na ba bandi bize bakaminuza batakibasha gusoma interuro ndende haba kuri facebook,mu bitabo n’ahandi.

Patrick twafasheho urugero,we avuga ko yari atakibasha kurenza interuro eshatu gusa, ubwonko bukiri hamwe!

III.KUBUNGA HIRYA NO HINO K’UBWONKO

Ubu bushakashatsi bwakozwe na za kaminuza zitandukanye mu isi harimo iya Sendaï, mu Buyapani, n’iya Téhéran, muri Iran.

Kaminuza ya Sendaï, mu Buyapani

Kaminuza ya Téhéran, muri Iran.

Ubushakashatsi bwemeza ko uko umuntu agenda arushaho kubatwa na interineti,ariko ubwonko bunanirwa gufungura umuyoboro “ufasha ubwonko guhama hamwe”( réseau attentionnel dorsal”) gufunga wa muyoboro utuma ubwonko businzira, bukabunga hirya no hino (“réseau de mode par défaut”) no mu gihe ari mu bintu bimusaba kudakina,bisaba gukoresha ubwonko, kubushyira hamwe!!(concentration).

Ubushakashatsi bwasohotse mu kinyamakuru cya siyansi (la revue Science ) muri 2014 bwakozwe n’itsinda ry’abahanga mu by’iyigamitekerereze bayobowe naTimothy Wilson, umushakashatsi muri Kaminuza ya Virginie, bwemeje ko nta wishimira kubunga k’ubwonko bwe mu gihe yari abukeneyeho gukora akazi buri hamwe.Ibyo bitera bamwe kwiheba,no kumva ntacyo bashoboye,no kumva batekereza ubusa(le vide).

UMUTI NI UWUHE?

Ndabizi nicyo kibazo wari ugiye kumbaza!

✔️Igisubizo kiroroshye: reka kubatwa na interneti,imbuga nkoranyambaga,za video zo kuri youtube, amakuru acicikana kuri Instagram, facebook, ibinyamakuru byo kuri interneti,n’ibindi bica kuri internei!

Kora ku buryo ubitegeka aho kugira ngo abe aribyo bigutegeka!

❌Bamwe muri twe twarabaswe,aho tuba turebaho buri masegonda icumi, kugeza mu masaha yo mu gicuku,kuryama bikatunanira!

Menya ko uba wangiza ubwonko bwawe, ubushobozi bwabo bwo kuguma hamwe(le réseau attentionnel dorsal) burangirika.

✔️Fata umwanya wo gusohoka,usige telefoni yawe cyangwa uyizimye rwose, utembere mu ishyamba, mu busitani,n’ahandi. Hakubiyemo no gukora siporo,kuruhuka,no gukora ibindi bintu bikunezeza bitari ugukoresha interineti.

✔️Fata umwanya wo gutoza ubwonko bwawe GUTEKEREZA byimbitse (meditation).

GUTEKEREZA ni ugufata umwanya ugatekereza ku kintu kimwe, kimwe gusa, ukakigumaho umwanya munini.Bitoza ubwonko kongera gukoresha neza ya miyoboro ibiri navuze haruguru. Bigenda neza cyane,nta rusaku,nta nduru!

Ibi bisaba ko ushyiraho imihati (efforts), ariko uzanshimira hanyuma,umaze kongera gusubiranya ubushobozi bw’ubwonko bwawe:

Kongera kubasha gusoma IGITABO cyose ukunda,ukakirangiza,ubwonko bwawe buri hamwe. Ntuzongera gutinya gusoma post ndende nk’iyi cyangwa ikinyamakuru gicapye! Kwiga bizakorohera,kandi ntuzongera gusinziriza ubwonko mu gihe wari ubukeneye!

Mukomeze kugira ibihe byiza!

IYI SI,
Komeza gukurikira uru rubuga rwigisha uzamenya byinshi ukeneye mu buzima bwa buri munsi.
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HAKIZIMANA MAURICE ni umwarimu w’umwuga (Master II MEEF/Sciences de l’Education/Sciences sociales/Sociologie) Université Catholique de Paris/Sorbonne Université,mu Bufaransa.Wamukurikira kandi kuri : chaîne  ya Whatsapp,  Facebook, Twitter na Instagram

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