Prof HAKIZIMANA Maurice
Kugira ngo ibigo mpuzamahanga bidafatwa n’uruhumbu cyangwa ingese yo kudindira no guhagarika ibikorwa cyangwa se gutakaza agaciro, bigomba guhora byivugurura. Ibyo ni byo byonyine bishobora gutuma bihangana n’ibihe bigezweho, bikabaho mu buryo bwuzuye, byiteguye guhangana n’ibibazo bishya by’igihe gishya ndetse no kubyaza umusaruro amahirwe mashya. Ni yo mpamvu, mu gihe Inama ya Frankofoni iteganyijwe kubera i Phnom Penh yegereje, hari ikibazo kimwe cyagombye kuza imbere y’ibindi biganiro byose. Ese Umuryango w’Ibihugu bikoresha Igifaransa (Francophonie) ufite uwuhe mushinga n’icyerekezo watanga muri iyi si igenda icikamo ibice?
Dukurikire kuri WhatsApp: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaCyM5ILdQejDYwQ2b2u no kuri Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/professormaurice/
Igitekerezo: Inyandiko y’ibitekerezo ya Marie-Roger Biloa na Achille Mbembe
Ese uyu mushinga wibanda mbere na mbere ku rubyiruko rw’ejo hazaza, ruzaragwa isi yacitse intege, ibangamiwe n’ibikorwa biyangiza kandi yafatiwe mu mitego y’ikoranabuhanga ry’ubwenge buhangano (Intelligence artificielle)? Ni gute twakwifashisha umutungo w’ubwenge bwacu rusange kugira ngo ururimi rw’Igifaransa, rwamaze guhinduka ururimi ruhuza isi, rube umutungo rusange w’abantu bose kandi rube inkingi y’ingenzi y’ubuzima?
Inyandiko y’ibitekerezo ya Marie-Roger Biloa na Achille Mbembe ivuga kuri kandidatire ya Louise Mushikiwabo yo kongera gutorerwa kuyobora Ubunyamabanga Bukuru bw’Umuryango w’Ibihugu bikoresha Igifaransa, mu Nama ya Phnom Penh.
Igiciro cyo kongeza manda Mme Louise Mushikiwabo
Birababaje kubona ko, mu gihe habura iminsi mike ngo inama izabere muri Kamboje, impaka ku ivugururwa rikenewe ry’inzego z’Umuryango w’Ibihugu bikoresha Igifaransa zasubijwe inyuma, ku buryo ubu ibiganiro byose byibanda gusa ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba Umunyamabanga Mukuru uriho ubu, Louise Mushikiwabo, azahabwa cyangwa atazahabwa manda ya gatatu.
Reka tubisobanure neza. Amategeko agenga OIF ntabuza mu buryo bweruye kwiyamamariza manda ya gatatu, ndetse Abdou Diouf yayoboye uwo muryango manda eshatu. Bityo rero, ikibazo si uko hari itegeko ribuza Louise Mushikiwabo kongera kuyobora, ngo akaba ashaka kuryica cyangwa kurirengaho. Ahubwo ikibazo kiri ahandi, ni ikibazo gifite imizi mu myitwarire iboneye no muri politiki.
Mu by’ukuri, kandidatire y’ubugira gatatu yaba imaze iki mu gihe yarushaho kongera amacakubiri mu muryango wagombye guteza imbere ibiganiro, ubwumvikane n’ubwubahane bisesuye, ikaba yanatubuza gukoresha ururimi rw’igifaransa nk’umuyoboro wo kongera kubaka isi dusangiye?
Ntibyashoboka kwirengagiza ingaruka zikomeye zishobora guterwa no guha manda ya gatatu Madame Louise Mushikiwabo ku buyobozi bwa OIF. Uyu Muryango wamaze kwinjirwamo n’ingese n’uruhumbu kuri manda ze ebyiri, ku buryo noneho ushobora gusenywa cyangwa gucikamo ibindi bice. Usanga muri uyu Muryango harimo kwishakira inyungu za buri gihugu ukwacyo, uburyarya, ubucuti bw’ubugambanyi burenze urugero mu bya dipolomasi, guhunga inshingano no kwitana ba mwana, ndetse n’inyota idashira y’ubutegetsi.
N’ubwo izi ngaruka zaba zigambiriwe ku mugaragaro, akenshi ziba mbi cyane, kandi kongera kubaka Umuryango wasenyutse ni umurimo utoroshye kandi uzatwara igihe kirekire.
Niba kongera guha indi manda uyu mudamu bishobora gutuma igihugu gifite uruhare rukomeye nka Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo kiwuvamo, icyo gihe ikibazo kiba kitakiri icy’abantu ku giti cyabo gusa. Ahubwo kiba gishyira mu kaga ishingiro ry’Umuryango wose, ndetse n’impamvu yawo yo kubaho.
Nyuma yo kuva muri uyu Muryango kw’ibihugu bitatu byo mu karere ka Sahel (Mali, Burkina Faso na Niger), gutakaza RDC byaba ari igihombo gikomeye cyane kurushaho. Iki gihugu gifite abaturage benshi kurusha ibindi mu bihugu byose bikoresha Igifaransa, kandi ni kimwe mu bigize inkingi za mwamba z’ahazaza h’uwo muryango. Kivuyemo, Umuryango wagira igihombo gikomeye ku mubare w’abaturage uhagarariye, bigacogoza ubushobozi bwo guhagararira neza ibihugu biwugize, ubunyakuri n’ubushobozi bwo gutegura ahazaza.Nyuma yo kuyobora manda ebyiri, Louise Mushikiwabo yagombye kuba ashobora gusobanukirwa uburemere bw’ako kaga.
Niba koko kuyobora ari uguhuza abantu, ikibazo kiri imbere y’iyi Nama yegereje ni ukumenya igihe kuguma ku buyobozi bitangira kugirira nabi Umuryango kurusha uko kugenda kw’umuyobozi umwe byawugirira nabi. Kwegura ku bushake k’uyu mudamu byaba ari igikorwa cyiza, cy’ubutwari,kigaragaza inshingano n’ubushishozi bye. Gukomeza kwizirika kuri iyi manda ya gatatu kwe mu gihe bishobora gusenya uyu Muryango, byawusigira igikomere kitari gikenewe ibihugu biwugize na byo bitagombye kwikururira.
Hari n’ikindi kintu cya kabiri, wenda gishobora kwucamo kabiri kurushaho, gisaba gusuzuma neza ikiguzi Umuryango ushobora kwishyura kubera ugushaka kugera ku ntego bwite kw’uyu munyamabanga uwumazemo manda ebyiri. Kuba afitanye umubano wa hafi na Paul Kagame bituma gutsimbarara kwe ku gushaka manda ya gatatu biba ikibazo gikomeye kandi kidakwiye.
Mu Rwanda, ivugururwa ry’Itegeko Nshinga ryahaye Perezida amahirwe yo gukomeza kuguma ku butegetsi kugeza mu mwaka wa 2034. Muri ubwo buryo, inzira yo guhererekanya ubutegetsi mu mahoro binyuze mu matora yarafunzwe, mu gihe amajwi yose anenga ubutegetsi acecekeshwa.
Tutavangiye inzego zitandukanye, umuntu ashobora kugira impungenge zo kubona imigenzo n’imikorere by’ibihe bya kera byinjizwa buhoro buhoro mu Muryango utari umutungo bwite w’umuntu uwo ari we wese, umutungo rusange wa twese. Nta gushidikanya ko Umuryango w’Ibihugu bikoresha Igifaransa ukwiriye kugira indangagaciro n’umuco byihariye mu miyoborere.
Icyo kibazo kirushaho gukomera iyo tukirebeye mu ndorerwamo y’intambara y’ubushotoranyi n’ukwiba umutungo kamere imaze imyaka myinshi mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo. Mu Karere, uruhare rwa perezida Paul Kagame mu bwicanyi bumaze igihe kinini ntirukiri ikintu cyumvikana mu magambo gusa. Rugenda ruba impamvu ituma abantu barushaho kumwanga no kumwamagana.
Kuba ingabo z’u Rwanda ziri muri Kongo no kuba Kigali ishyigikira umutwe wa M23 si ibirego bya Kongo gusa. Icyemezo cya 2773 cy’Akanama k’Umutekano k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye gisaba ingabo z’u Rwanda guhagarika ubwo bufasha no kuva ku butaka bwa Kongo nta yandi mananiza. No ku wa 6 Ugushyingo 2026, inzego z’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe n’iz’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi zishinzwe amahoro n’umutekano zongeye gusubiramo icyo cyifuzo. Nyamara nta cyahindutse.
Uruhare rwa Donald Trump rwagombaga guha imbaraga zidasanzwe amasezerano y’amahoro, nyuma y’uruhererekane rw’ibikorwa bya dipolomasi byari bifite igisobanuro gikomeye: Itangazo ry’amahame ryashyizweho umukono ku wa 25 Mata 2025, amasezerano y’amahoro yo ku wa 27 Kamena, hanyuma ayo masezerano ya Washington aza kwemezwa ku mugaragaro ku wa 4 Ukuboza, Perezida wa Kongo, Perezida w’u Rwanda na Perezida wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bahari. Ibirori byo kwemeza ayo masezerano byabereye mu Kigo cy’Abanyamerika gishinzwe Amahoro, nyuma y’ibiganiro byabereye muri White House. Nyamara na bwo nta cyahindutse.
Hakurikiyeho ibihano, biherekejwe n’amagambo akakaye y’uburakari yaturutse muri White House. Ku wa 2 Werurwe 2026, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika yafatiye ibihano abayobozi bane bakuru mu ngabo z’u Rwanda. Ku wa 28 Ukwakira, ibyo bihano byongerewe bigera kuri Minisiteri y’Ingabo y’u Rwanda n’ikigo cy’imari cy’Ingabo z’u Rwanda, Banki yitwa Zigama CSS. Muri ibyo bihano harimo gufatira imitungo iri mu bubasha bw’amategeko ya Amerika no kubuza, uretse mu bihe bimwe byihariye, ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi n’imari bireba abantu cyangwa ibigo by’Abanyamerika.
Inkuru byenda gusa: Ubufaransa na Afurika: Ari nkanjye ubaye Perezida wa Repubulika …
Ibyo bihano bigaragaza uburemere bw’ibikorwa by’ubugome n’ihohoterwa Kigali ishinjwa, bikaba bigaragara ko nta kintu na kimwe gishobora kubihagarika.
Hagati aho, ubwicanyi burakomeje, abaturage bakaba ari bo bakomeza kubigenderamo: abantu ibihumbi n’ibihumbi baricwa, abasigaye benshi kurushaho bahatirwa kuva mu byabo, bakazerera badafite aho berekeza. Ni imibabaro ikomeye imaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo.
Ni koko, Louise Mushikiwabo ntashobora kubazwa ku giti cye buri cyemezo gifatwa cyangwa imyitwarire y’ubushotoranyi bw’intambara idacogora ya Kigali. Ariko kandi, uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’u Rwanda ntashobora gusaba ko amateka ye ya politiki yirengagizwa igihe cyose abaye inzitizi ku kongera gutorerwa kuyobora uwo muryango.
Ese yagaragaje koko ko yigenga? Ese amagambo ye rusange asaba amahoro, ashyira ku rwego rumwe uwateye n’uwatewe, asubiza ikibazo cy’ingenzi cya politiki? Ni uruhe ruhare ashyira kuri Kigali kandi ku mugaragaro mu ntambara y’ubushotoranyi RDC yagabweho?
Reka tureke gato ikibazo cy’ ururimi: kuva mu mwaka wa 2008, u Rwanda rwashyize imbere Icyongereza mu burezi, ruca Igifaransa, n’aho kigarukiye, kiza cyashyizwe mu mwanya wa kabiri. Icyo cyemezo gishobora kumvikana urebye ibihugu u Rwanda ruhana imbibi na byo n’akarere ruherereyemo. Ariko gitera kwibaza iyo bigeze ku kuyobora umuryango ugamije guteza imbere ururimi rw’Igifaransa mu gihe igihugu cyawe mu by’ukuri kidakoresha igifaransa.
Isesengura ku byo Madame Louise Mushikiwabo yakoze mu bya politiki
Hasigaye kureba ibyo yakoze mu gihe yamaze ku buyobozi. Kunenga imikorere y’imbere muri OIF mu gihe cya manda ze ebyiri si ibintu byo gufatana uburemere buke. Abanenga imiyoborere ye babwiye ibiro ntaramakuru AFP ko ayobora mu buryo bw’igitugu kandi ko yafunze inzira zose z’igenzura n’uruhare rw’abandi mu mikorere y’umuryango. Umuvugizi we yahakanye ibyo birego. Ariko impungenge ku miterere y’akazi n’imibanire y’abakozi ntizavutse muri iki gihe cyo kwiyamamaza.
Muri Mata 2023, iperereza ry’ikinyamakuru Journal de Montréal, rishingiye ku nyandiko cyabonye binyuze mu Kigo Ntaramakuru QMI, ryatangaje ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwakorewe abakozi 209: 44% by’ababwitabiriye bavuze ko bakorewe ihohoterwa rishingiye ku mitekerereze (ihungabanywa), naho 9% bavuga ko bakorewe ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina.
Icyo kinyamakuru cyatangaje kandi ko Kanada yafashe icyemezo cyo guhagarika gutanga inkunga y’amadolari ya Kanada miliyoni eshatu, bitewe n’impungenge ku miterere y’akazi n’imiyoborere y’umuryango. Biragoye kutabona ko hano hari ikibazo gikomeye cy’imikorere y’ikigo.
Ndetse ubu ivugururwa ry’imiyoborere n’imikorere y’ubuyobozi muri uyu Muryango ryatangiye gutekerezwaho. Raporo y’ Inteko ishinga amategeko y’u Bufaransa igaragaza, by’umwihariko, ko imishinga yongeye kwibandwaho ku ntego z’ingenzi z’Umuryango kandi ko gahunda z’imirimo zateguwe mu buryo burushijeho kugira umurongo mwiza noneho.
Ariko kunoza imikorere y’ubuyobozi bw’Umuryango ntibihagije kugira ngo habeho icyerekezo cya politiki gihuriweho n’umuryango ugizwe n’ibihugu 90 n’inzego za za guverinoma zifite ibyiciro bitandukanye. Harabura ijwi rimwe n’icyerekezo cya politiki mpuzamahanga byahindura imbaraga z’ururimi zigahinduka imbaraga rusange zihuza abantu.
Kugeza ubu, mu gihe nta gitekerezo gihuriweho kiraboneka, nta kintu na kimwe gitandukanya OIF n’umuryango mpuzamahanga utegamiye kuri za Leta (ONG). Iyo urebye urutonde rw’imishinga itandukanye, idafite umurongo uyihuza, ntubona imbaraga z’igitekerezo kiyobora umuryango, ndetse ntubona n’icyerekezo gikangurira abantu kwishyira hamwe cyatuma biba ngombwa ko uyu mudamu ahabwa manda y’imyaka ine y’inyongera.
Umugabane wa Afurika wonyine ugize ibice bitatu bya kane by’abaturage n’ibihugu bigize umuryango w’Igifaransa. Ariko amateka agaragaza ko kuba Umunyamabanga Mukuru k’Umunyafurika bitavuze ko byanze bikunze azarushaho kurengera inyungu zemewe z’umugabane wa Afurika. Kuba Mali, Burkina Faso na Niger byaravuye muri uwo muryango mu gihe cya manda za Louise Mushikiwabo na byo bigaragaza ko kuba umuyobozi akomoka muri Afurika bidahita byemeza ubumwe bw’umugabane muri uwo muryango.
Mu by’ukuri, urebye inshingano zo kurengera inyungu rusange zitegerejwe ku bayobozi b’uwo muryango, aho umuntu yavukiye si cyo kintu cy’ingenzi. Nta gihugu na kimwe kigomba kwiharira iyo nshingano.
Gushaka uburyo bwo kuva mu nzira y’igihogere idafite aho igana
Urebye ingaruka zishobora guterwa n’ibibazo tumaze kuvuga, guha Louise Mushikiwabo manda ya gatatu byaba ari ukwishyira mu nzira idafite aho igana. Kugira ngo uwo muryango uve muri iyo nzira y’umwijima, birakenewe ko kandidatire ya Dacian Cioloș isuzumwa mu buryo bwimbitse.
Dacian Cioloș
Yahoze ari Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Rumaniya, Komiseri w’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi ushinzwe ubuhinzi, ndetse akaba yarayoboye itsinda rya Renew Europe. Afite uburambe mu biganiro by’ibihugu byinshi, mu gushyiraho politiki rusange no mu gushaka ubwumvikane hagati y’impande zitandukanye.
Mu bakandida bose, ni we wenyine ugaragaza icyerekezo cya politiki mpuzamahanga ku hazaza ha Francophonie. Ashyigikira igitekerezo cyo guhindura imbaraga z’ururimi zikavamo imbaraga z’umuryango w’ibihugu n’abaturage bahuzwa na rwo.
Gahunda ye ishyira imbere gukorera mu mucyo, gushaka inkunga y’amafaranga, no guhuza amahugurwa, ubuhinzi, ubucuruzi n’akazi.
Ibyo ni ibyihutirwa kandi bifite akamaro ku muryango nyafurika, ariko bikaba bigomba kuva mu magambo bikagera mu bikorwa. Kuba akomoka i Burayi ntibimwemerera gutsinda byanze bikunze. Ariko na byo ntibigomba kumubuza amahirwe. Avuga ko azashyira Afurika ku isonga mu mushinga we; mu gihe yaba ayoboye uwo muryango, yagombye kuzagenzurwa hashingiwe kuri iyo mihigo.
Soma n’iyi nkuru: Ikipe y’ingabo z’u Rwanda yakuwemo muri Basketball Africa League (BAL) kubera ibihano byafatiwe ingabo z’u Rwanda.
Kandidatire ya Dacian Cioloș inatanga inzira yo kuva mu gihirahiro ku bihugu byifuza kwirinda kugira uruhande bibogamiraho mu makimbirane hagati ya Kigali na Kinshasa. Bimwe muri byo byifuza gukomeza umubano wabyo n’u Rwanda. Ibindi ntibyifuza gushyigikira kongera gutorerwa kwa Louise Mushikiwabo, kuko RDC ibifata nk’agasuzuguro. Hari n’ibindi byifuza kwirinda ko ubuyobozi bwa Francophonie bwahinduka urubuga rwo gukomeza amakimbirane yo mu karere. Umukandida ukomoka muri Rumaniya ashobora kubifasha kuva muri icyo gihirahiro.
Umuryango mpuzamahanga si umutungo umuntu yiharira ngo awukuremo inyungu uko ashatse. Ntuba ari umutungo w’umuntu uwuyobora, habe no kuba uwa guverinoma yashyigikiye kandidatire ye. Louise Mushikiwabo yagombye kugira ubushishozi bwo kwemera kuva ku buyobozi. Ibihugu biwugize, harimo n’u Bufaransa, na byo byagombye kugira ubutwari bwo gushyira imbere inyungu rusange.
Kuko umuryango wumva ko kongera manda y’umuyobozi ari byo by’ingenzi kurusha ubumwe bwawo, uba ari wo ubwawo uba witeguriye inzira yo kwigira ntibindeba, kuguma mu mimerere idahinduka no gutakaza imbaraga zo gukora.
Soma kandi:U Rwanda rugiye guhagarikwa muri gahunda ya AGOA: Bisobanura iki? Bizagira izihe ngaruka?
Uyu Muryango ugomba kuva mu gihirahiro no kudatera imbere
Mu isi irangwa no gusenyuka kw’ubufatanye mpuzamahanga no kwigunga kw’ibihugu bishyira imbere inyungu zabyo gusa, OIF ntishobora gukomeza kwirirwa izenguruka mu ruziga, nta terambere igaragaza. Igomba kwifashisha imbaraga n’ubukire bw’imiryango yose igize ubuzima bw’abaturage bo mu bihugu bikoresha Igifaransa: imiryango itegamiye kuri za Leta, ibigo by’ubushakashatsi, ibigo bitekereza ku bibazo by’isi (think tanks), imiryango n’amashyirahamwe yita ku guteza imbere Igifaransa, za kaminuza zikoresha Igifaransa, imiyoboro y’abacuruzi n’ibigo by’ubucuruzi, amabanki ya Leta ateza imbere ubukungu, ndetse n’inzego z’ubuhanzi n’ubuhanga bwo guhanga udushya.
OIF niyemera kuba umuhuza, umusemburo n’imbarutso y’izo mbaraga, ni bwo izashobora kuva mu gihirahiro no mu kudatera imbere, maze ihinduke umwe mu bafatanyabikorwa b’ingenzi mu gikorwa gikenewe cyo kongera kubaka isi twese dusangiye, dufatanyije.
Sources: Iyi nyandiko yasohotse bwa mbere mu gifarasa kuri Afrik.com ifite umutwe ugira uti «Francophonie : l’éclatement ? », ikaba igitekerezo bwite cyanditswe na Marie-Roger Biloa afatanyije na Achille Mbembe.
Soma kandi: Indege ya Air Afrique yari ishema ry’umugabane wa Afurika yazimiriye he?
Iyi si by Eurêka Academy Studio
Umwanditsi
Mwalimu Hakizimana Maurice ni umwarimu (enseignant) umusemuzi n’umuhinduzi (traducteur-interprète) n’umwanditsi (écrivain) ukorera i Paris,mu Bufaransa.Ni we nyir’urubuga rw’amakuru Eurêka Academy Studio wanasanga kuri Youtube Eurêka Studio TV
Mwalimu Hakizimana Maurice ni umwanditsi w’igitabo “UTABA AMATEKA NTABONA ITAKA” Editions Scribes cyavuyemo iyi nyandiko yose.
Igitabo UTABA AMATEKA NTABONA ITAKA kiboneka gicapye kuri Amazon unyuze hano:
https://sellercentral.amazon.com/nms/redirect/98e82759-1a8e-30da-b03d-97ecd6fa2281?nt=PRINT_LISTING&sk=BHA8IdY56n9BoLFaPNd1bWm5-xgcP2zJgEk5Dnxeqdwdhyo_EcOiXVfOw2gMApbV9-HvwpATOID5XhQ8TNzZwg&n=1&u=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYW1hem9uLmNvbS9kcC8yOTMxMjY2MjIx.
UTABA AMATEKA NTABONA ITAKA kiboneka no muri format électronique (soft copy) unyuze hano: https://www.amazon.it/Utaba-Amateka-Ntabona-Itaka-Afrikaans-ebook/dp/B0GTQZ4CBC?fbclid=IwVERDUARzok1leHRuA2Flb
Ntugacikwe n’inkuru za Eurêka Academy Studio hano mu nyandiko no kuri Youtube Eurêka Studio TV
KWAMAMAZA
TIDAS – Traduction (guhindura mu ndimi inyandiko), Interprétariat (gusemura) &Accompagnement dans vos démarches d’asile et de séjour en France” (gufasha byose mu bijyanye n’amadosiye asaba ubuhunzi, gutura, no kubona ibyangombwa byose byo gukorera no kuba mu Bufaransa)
Murakaza neza muri TIDAS
Intego yacu: gufasha abanyamahanga baba mu Bufaransa guhangana n’imbogamizi z’ururimi n’iz’ibyangombwa byose.
Serivisi zacu:
Itumanaho n’ubusemuzi mu gihe cyo guhura n’abategetsi cyangwa gushyira ku murongo dosiye zawe Kugufasha dosiye zo gusaba ubuhungiro
Ubufasha bwose mu bijyanye n’amadosiye yo gutura, no kubona ibyangombwa byose byo gukorera,kwiga no kuba mu Bufaransa
Hamwe na TIDAS, ubona serivisi ya kinyamwuga, yemewe n’amategeko; yita ku bantu kandi yizewe.Twizera ko buri muntu akwiye gutegwa amatwi no gufashwa.
Twandikire uyu munsi tuvugane ku mushinga wawe kuri (+33) 07 58 90 35 49 cyangwa utwandikire kuri tidasetvous@gmail.com
