Uyu munsi ku wa 28 Ukwakira (10) 2026, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zafashe indi ntambwe ikomeye, zifatira ibihano Minisiteri y’Ingabo z’u Rwanda MINADEF na Banki Zigama CSS, zibishinja gushyigikira umutwe wa M23, ubu yiyise Front pour la refondation de la nation (FRN), ukomeje guteza umutekano muke n’akaga mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (RDC).
Iki cyemezo ni ikindi kimenyetso cyerekana ko umubano wa dipolomasi hagati ya Washington na Kigali ukomeje kuzamo agatotsi, nubwo ibihugu byombi byari bimaze mirongo itatu bifitanye umubano wa hafi.
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Nk’uko ikinyamakuru Reuters cyabitangaje, u Rwanda ngo rwohereje abasirikare bari hagati ya 7.000 na 12.000 mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo kugira ngo bashyigikire inyeshyamba za M23. Amerika irashaka ko abo basirikare bose bava ku butaka bwa Kongo.
Soma kandi: Ibihano bya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ku Ngabo z’u Rwanda: Ibyo ukwiriye kumenya
Voici le texte original officiel en anglais, tel que publié par le U.S. Department of the Treasury via l’Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), le 8 Octobre 2026 :
ITANGAZO RYA MINISITERI Y’IMARI YA LETA ZUNZE UBUMWE ZA AMERIKA
Amerika yafatiye ibihano Minisiteri y’Ingabo z’u Rwanda n’ikigo cy’imari gishinjwa gushyigikira M23
Ku wa 28 Ukwakira 2026
WASHINGTON — Uyu munsi, ishami rishinzwe kugenzura no gushyira mu bikorwa ibihano by’imari by’Amerika (Office of Foreign Assets Control — OFAC), rikora muri Minisiteri y’Imari ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ryafatiye ibihano Minisiteri y’Ingabo z’u Rwanda na Zigama Credit and Savings Society, ikigo cy’imari gikora nka Banki mu Rwanda gishinjwa kugira uruhare rukomeye mu korohereza u Rwanda gushyigikira umutwe wa M23 (Mouvement du 23 mars) n’ishami ryawo rya politiki rizwi nka Alliance du fleuve Congo (AFC).
Umunyamabanga wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ushinzwe Imari, Scott Bessent, yagize ati:
« Uyu munsi, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zirashyira mu bikorwa isezerano rya Perezida Trump ryo gusaba u Rwanda kuryozwa kutubahiriza ibyo rwiyemeje mu Masezerano ya Washington agamije amahoro n’iterambere. U Rwanda rugomba guhagarika gushyigikira M23 no gukura ingabo zarwo mu burasirazuba bwa RDC. »
Ku wa 12 Ukwakira, umutwe wa Front pour la refondation de la nation (FRN) watangaje ko ushinzwe nk’umusimbura wa Alliance du fleuve Congo (AFC).
M23 ni umutwe witwaje intwaro washyizwe ku rutonde rw’imitwe yakubiswe ibihano na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye. Wigaruriye mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko ibice by’uburasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo.
Nk’uko Minisiteri y’Imari ya Amerika ibivuga, M23 yigaruriye imijyi ikomeye n’uturere turimo amabuye y’agaciro mu burasirazuba bwa RDC, ibifashijwemo n’urwego rw’umutekano rw’u Rwanda. Ibyo ngo byashobotse binyuze mu kohereza abasirikare ibihumbi, kuyigezaho ibikoresho bya gisirikare, ubufasha mu by’ubwikorezi n’ibindi bikoresho, ndetse no kuyitoza.
Muri ibyo bice, M23 ishinjwa gukora ibikorwa bihonyora uburenganzira bwa muntu, gukoresha abaturage imirimo y’agahato no kugira uruhare mu guteza ikibazo gikomeye cy’ubutabazi, kirangwa n’abaturage benshi bava mu byabo bahunga umutekano muke.
Amasezerano ya Washington agamije amahoro n’iterambere, yateguwe ku bufatanye na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, yashyizweho umukono n’abakuru b’ibihugu bya Kongo n’u Rwanda ku wa 4 Ukuboza 2025.
Uretse gushyiraho inzira iganisha ku gukemura mu mahoro amakimbirane yo mu burasirazuba bwa RDC, ayo masezerano akubiyemo n’uburyo bwo guteza imbere ubukungu bw’akarere. Bugamije kongera ubucuruzi n’ishoramari, kunoza imikorere n’igenzura ry’amasoko y’amabuye y’agaciro y’ingenzi, no gukurura ishoramari mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari bya Afurika.
1. MINISITERI Y’INGABO Z’U RWANDA MINADEF: ISHINJWA GUSHYIGIKIRA INYESHYAMBA MU BURASIRAZUBA BWA RDC
Minisiteri y’Ingabo z’u Rwanda ni urwego rugenzura inzego z’umutekano z’u Rwanda, harimo n’Ingabo z’u Rwanda (Rwanda Defence Force RDF), na zo zafatiwe ibihano na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ku wa 2 Werurwe 2026.
Minisiteri y’Imari ya Amerika ivuga ko, ku mabwiriza ya Minisiteri y’Ingabo z’u Rwanda, RDF yohereje abasirikare ibihumbi mu ntara za Kivu y’Amajyaruguru na Kivu y’Amajyepfo, mu burasirazuba bwa RDC.
Abo basirikare bakorana na M23 mu bikorwa bya gisirikare, bakayiha ibikoresho bya gisirikare, ibikoresho byo gukoresha mu mirimo yayo, ubufasha mu by’ubwikorezi n’ibindi bikorwa bijyanye n’imitunganyirize y’ingabo, ndetse bakanayitoza.
RDF ishinjwa kandi kuba yarazanye ku rugamba intwaro zihanitse, zirimo ibikoresho birasa ibisasu bivuye ku butaka bigana mu kirere (surface-to-air missile systems) n’ibikoresho byo guhagarika cyangwa kubangamira itumanaho ry’ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki (jamming equipment). Amerika ivuga ko ibyo bishobora guteza ibyago ku ndege zitwara abasivili mu burasirazuba bwa RDC.
Kuva M23 yasubukurira ibikorwa byayo by’inyeshyamba mu mwaka wa 2021, yakoze ibikorwa birimo kwica abantu binyuranyije n’amategeko, gufunga abantu mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, kubakorera iyicarubozo n’ibindi bikorwa by’ihohoterwa ry’umubiri mu duce igenzura.
Mu ntangiriro za 2025, M23 yigaruriye Goma na Bukavu, imijyi mikuru y’intara za Kivu y’Amajyaruguru na Kivu y’Amajyepfo.
Uyu mutwe kandi wafashe ibice bitandukanye bikungahaye ku mabuye y’agaciro mu burasirazuba bwa RDC. Muri byo harimo ibirombe by’izahabu byo muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo na Rubaya, agace kanini gacukurwamo koltani (coltan) muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru.
Mu duce tw’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro tugenzurwa na M23, abaturage bakoreshwa imirimo y’agahato, bagakora mu bihe bishobora gushyira ubuzima bwabo mu kaga, ndetse bagasabwa kwishyura imisoro n’amahoro binyuranyije n’amategeko.
Minisiteri y’Imari ya Amerika ivuga ko amabuye y’agaciro akurwa mu duce tugenzurwa na M23 yinjizwa mu ruhererekane rw’ubucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro mu Rwanda.
Igaragaza kandi ko ubushobozi bw’u Rwanda bwo gucukura amabuye y’agaciro mu gihugu imbere buri munsi y’ingano y’amabuye y’agaciro iki gihugu cyagiye kigaragaza ko cyohereza mu mahanga kuva M23 yasubukurira ibikorwa byayo by’inyeshyamba.
Ku wa 8 Nyakanga 2024, Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga ya Amerika yari yatangaje impungenge zayo ku ruhererekane rw’ubucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro ava mu Rwanda no mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, ivuga ko rushobora kugira uruhare mu gukomeza umutekano muke muri ako karere.
Minisiteri y’Ingabo z’u Rwanda yashyizwe ku rutonde rw’inzego zafatiwe ibihano hashingiwe ku iteka rya Perezida wa Amerika nimero 13413, ryaje kuvugururwa.
Impamvu yatanzwe ni uko iyo minisiteri ishinjwa kuba yarafashije RDF mu buryo bufatika, kuyitera inkunga, cyangwa kuyigezaho ubufasha bw’amafaranga, ibikoresho, ubwikorezi, ikoranabuhanga, ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi.
2. ZIGAMA CSS: GUTERA INKUNGA INYESHYAMBA NO GUSHINJWA KUGIRA URUHARE MU BUCURUZI BUTEMEWE BW’AMABUYE Y’AGACIRO
Zigama Credit and Savings Society, izwi kandi nka Zigama CSS, ni ikigo cy’imari cyo mu Rwanda kivugwaho gukorera inzego z’umutekano z’u Rwanda.
Nk’uko Minisiteri y’Imari ya Amerika ibivuga, Zigama yorohereje kwishyura ibigo biherereye mu Bushinwa no mu bindi bihugu kugira ngo hagurwe intwaro, amasasu n’ibindi bikoresho bya gisirikare bigenewe RDF.
Iki kigo cy’imari kandi ngo cyafashije mu kwishyura amafaranga y’ingendo n’amacumbi y’abasirikare ba RDF bagiye mu mahugurwa.
Nk’uko Minisiteri y’Imari ya Amerika yari yarabigaragaje mu cyemezo cy’ibihano cyari cyarafashwe mbere, RDF na M23 bigenzura ibice bicukurwamo izahabu mu ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo.
Iyo izahabu imaze gucukurwa muri ibyo birombe, ingabo za Leta y’u Rwanda ngo zikomeza kuyigenzura mu buryo bukomeye.
Minisiteri y’Imari ya Amerika ivuga ko ishami rya Zigama ryafashije mu gutwara izahabu yaturukaga mu duce two mu burasirazuba bwa RDC tugenzurwa na M23, ikajyanwa i Kigali.
Byongeye kandi, Zigama ishinjwa korohereza ibikorwa by’imari byakorwaga ku nyungu za M23 na Alliance du fleuve Congo (AFC), bifite agaciro k’amafaranga agera kuri za miriyoni nyinshi z’amadolari ya Amerika.
Zigama yashyizwe ku rutonde rw’ibigo byafatiwe ibihano hashingiwe ku iteka rya Perezida wa Amerika nimero 13413, ryaje kuvugururwa.
Impamvu yatanzwe ni uko iki kigo gishinjwa kuba cyarafashije RDF, M23 na AFC mu buryo bufatika, cyarabiteye inkunga, cyangwa cyarabigejejeho amafaranga, ibikoresho, ubufasha mu by’ubwikorezi, ikoranabuhanga, ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi.
3. INGARUKA Z’IBIHANO
Nyuma y’iki cyemezo, umutungo wose n’inyungu zose z’umutungo by’abantu cyangwa ibigo byashyizwe ku rutonde rw’abafatiwe ibihano cyangwa abafungiwe umutungo, igihe biherereye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika cyangwa biri mu maboko cyangwa mu igenzura ry’abantu cyangwa ibigo by’Abanyamerika, birafungwa.
Iyo mitungo igomba kandi kumenyeshwa OFAC, urwego rushinzwe kugenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibihano by’imari bya Amerika.
Byongeye kandi, ikigo cyose gifitwe, mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa buziguye, n’umuntu umwe cyangwa benshi bafatiwe ibihano, ku kigero kingana cyangwa kirenga 50% by’imigabane cyangwa uburenganzira bwo kukigenzura, na cyo gifatwa nk’ikigo gifungiriwe umutungo.
Uretse igihe habayeho uruhushya rusanzwe cyangwa rwihariye rutanzwe na OFAC, cyangwa igihe ibikorwa runaka bisonewe ibihano, amategeko ya Amerika muri rusange abuza abantu n’ibigo by’Abanyamerika, ndetse n’abakora ibikorwa by’imari muri Amerika cyangwa banyuza ibikorwa byabo muri icyo gihugu, gukorana ibikorwa byose birimo umutungo cyangwa inyungu z’umutungo n’abantu cyangwa ibigo byafatiwe ibihano.
Kurenga ku bihano bya Amerika bishobora gutuma abantu ku giti cyabo cyangwa ibigo, byaba ibyo muri Amerika cyangwa mu mahanga, bahanishwa ibihano byo mu rwego rw’imbonezamubano cyangwa ibihano by’inshinjabyaha.
Abantu n’ibigo bitari iby’Abanyamerika na byo bibujijwe gutuma, babigambiriye cyangwa batabigambiriye, abantu cyangwa ibigo by’Abanyamerika barenga ku bihano byashyizweho na Amerika. Birabujijwe kandi kugira umugambi wo guteza ayo makosa cyangwa gukora ibikorwa bigamije guhunga ibyo bihano no kubirengaho.
OFAC ishobora gutanga ibihano byo mu rwego rw’imbonezamubano ku barenze ku bihano hashingiwe ku ihame ry’uko umuntu ashobora kuryozwa amakosa nubwo bitaba ngombwa kugaragaza ko yari agamije kuyakora.
Amabwiriza ya OFAC yitwa Economic Sanctions Enforcement Guidelines atanga ibisobanuro birambuye ku buryo Amerika igenzura kandi igashyira mu bikorwa ibihano byayo by’ubukungu.
Ibigo by’imari n’abandi bantu na bo bashobora gushyirirwaho ibihano igihe bagize uruhare mu bikorwa bimwe na bimwe by’imari cyangwa ibindi bikorwa birimo abantu cyangwa ibigo byashyizwe ku rutonde rw’abafatiwe ibihano cyangwa abafungiriwe umutungo.
Ibibujijwe birimo gutanga cyangwa gushyira amafaranga, ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi mu maboko y’umuntu cyangwa ikigo cyafatiwe ibihano, kubitangira inyungu zacyo, ndetse no kwakira amafaranga, ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi biturutse kuri bene abo bantu cyangwa ibigo.
Imbaraga n’icyizere abantu bagirira ibihano bya OFAC ntibishingira gusa ku bushobozi bwayo bwo gushyira abantu n’ibigo ku rutonde rwihariye rw’abashyiriweho ibihano n’abafungiriwe umutungo, ruzwi nka Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List (SDN List), ahubwo binashingira ku bushake ifite bwo kubikuraho igihe amategeko abyemera.
Intego nyamukuru y’ibihano si uguhana gusa, ahubwo ni ugushishikariza ababifatiwe guhindura imyitwarire yabo mu buryo bwiza.
Abashaka kumenya uburyo bwo gusaba gukurwa ku rutonde rw’ibihano rwa OFAC, harimo n’urutonde rwa SDN, cyangwa bashaka gutanga ubusabe nk’ubwo, bashobora kugisha inama amabwiriza ya OFAC agenga uburyo bwo gusaba gukurwa kuri urwo rutonde.
Kugira ngo umenye byinshi ku bantu n’ibigo byafatiwe ibihano ku wa 28 Ukwakira 2026, reba itangazo rya OFAC.
A lire également:Sanctions américaines contre l’armée rwandaise : ce qu’il faut savoir
4. INZEGO N’IBIGO BYAFATIWE IBIHANO
4.1. Minisiteri y’Ingabo ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda
Andi mazina izwiho:
- MINADEF ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda;
- MOD ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda;
- Minisiteri y’Ingabo z’u Rwanda.
Aderesi: Minisiteri y’Ingabo, KG 1 Roundabout, Kigali, Rwanda.
Urubuga rwemewe: https://www.mod.gov.rw
Umwaka yashingiweho: 1962.
Ubwoko bw’ibikorwa: Ibikorwa bijyanye n’ingabo n’umutekano.
Icyiciro cy’urwego rwafatiwe ibihano: Urwego rwa Leta rufitanye isano na RDC, nk’uko bigaragazwa mu nyandiko y’ibihano.
4.2. Zigama Credit and Savings Society
Andi mazina izwiho:
- Zigama Credit and Savings Bank;
- Zigama CSS.
Aderesi: KG 178, Street 3, P.O. Box 4772, Kigali, Rwanda.
Urubuga rwemewe: https://zigamacss.rw
Umwaka yashingiweho: 1997. Hari kandi indi tariki igaragara mu nyandiko, ari yo ya 19 Mata 2010.
Icyiciro cy’ikigo: Ikigo cy’imari.
Nimero y’iyandikwa: RCA/546/2010 (Rwanda).
Icyiciro cy’ikigo cyafatiwe ibihano: Ikigo cy’imari gifitanye isano na RDC, nk’uko bigaragazwa mu nyandiko y’ibihano.
Iyi nkuru ishingiye ku itangazo rya Minisiteri y’Imari ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, binyuze mu ishami ryayo rishinzwe kugenzura no gushyira mu bikorwa ibihano by’imari, ari ryo Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC).
Iyi si,
Mwalimu Hakizimana Maurice ni umwarimu (enseignant) umusemuzi n’umuhinduzi (traducteur-interprète) n’umwanditsi (écrivain) ukorera i Paris,mu Bufaransa.
Mwalimu Hakizimana Maurice ni umwanditsi w’igitabo “UTABA AMATEKA NTABONA ITAKA” Editions Scribes cyavuyemo iyi nyandiko yose.
Igitabo UTABA AMATEKA NTABONA ITAKA kiboneka gicapye kuri Amazon unyuze hano:
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UTABA AMATEKA NTABONA ITAKA kiboneka no muri format électronique (soft copy) unyuze hano: https://www.amazon.it/Utaba-Amateka-Ntabona-Itaka-Afrikaans-ebook/dp/B0GTQZ4CBC?fbclid=IwVERDUARzok1leHRuA2Flb
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