Imitoma nyarwanda: Amagambo meza y’urukundo akirigita umutima.

Prof HAKIZIMANA Maurice

Igice cya mbere

Mu muco nyarwanda, cyane cyane mu ndirimbo, mu bisigo gakondo no mu mvugo ikoreshwa mu kugaragaza urukundo mu Kinyarwanda, ubwiza bw’umugore bufite umwanya wihariye. Ubwo bwiza ntibugarukira gusa ku isura igaragara inyuma; buravugwa, bukaririmbwa, bukagaragazwa binyuze mu mvugo shusho z’ubusizi zikava inganzo mu bidukikije nko ku nyamaswa no ku bimera.

Amaso, isura yo mu maso, intambuko, imiterere y’umubiri, ubwuzu n’uburanga ni bimwe mu bitera abantu guhanga imvugo shusho zuje ibisobanuro byimbitse. Muri bene izo mvugo, amagambo arenga ibisobanuro asanzwe afite, akagaragaza ugutangarira ubwiza, ubwuzu n’amarangamutima y’urukundo.

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(1) Inka: Ikimenyetso cy’ubwiza bw’umugore

Mu muryango nyarwanda, inka,iyi y’amahembe, ifite umwanya ukomeye, cyane cyane mu bitekerezo no mu mibereho byaranzwe n’ubworozi gakondo. Bitewe n’aho ikoreshwa n’icyo ivugwaho, inka ishobora kugereranywa n’ubukire, icyubahiro, ubupfura n’ubwiza.Inka yagize kandi uruhare rukomeye mu mibanire y’abantu no mu bijyanye n’ishyingirwa, cyane cyane mu mihango n’imigenzo ijyanye n’inkwano.

Uretse agaciro kayo mu bukungu, inka yagize uruhare rukomeye mu mitekerereze rusange no mu murage ndangamuco nyarwanda. Uruhare rwayo mu bimenyetso by’umuco rugaragarira no mu mvugo y’urukundo, aho inka, inyana imiterere n’amabara by’inka bikoreshwa mu kuvuga ubwiza bw’umugore.

Bityo, imvugo ikomoka ku bworozi ihindurwamo injyana y’imvugo shusho z’ubusizi zifasha kugaragaza, mu buryo buziguye kandi bushishikaje, uko umuntu atangarira ubwiza bw’umugore, uko amukunda n’uburyo amubonamo igikundiro.

(2) Akanyana

Ijambo akanyana ni nko kuvuga inyana nto. Iyo rikoreshejwe mu mvugo y’urukundo, rishobora kwitwa umukobwa ukundwa, rikibutsa ubuto bwe, ubwiza n’ubukumi bye, ubwuzu n’urukundo.Iyi mvugo shusho igaragara no mu mazina y’abakobwa nka Kanyana na Munyana, ndetse no mu magambo y’indirimbo nyarwanda, aho amagambo akomoka ku bworozi afasha kugaragaza ugutwarwa n’ubwiza bw’uwo umuntu akunda n’amarangamutima amufitiye.

Imvugo igira iti « Iyizire, kanyana kanjye », ishobora gusobanurwa ngo « Ngwino, nyana yanjye (y’ishashi) nkunda », ni urugero rw’iyo mvugo y’ikigereranyo ikoreshwa mu Kinyarwanda.

Muri urwo rwego, inyana ntiba ikiri itungo nto gusa; ihinduka izina ryuje igisigo, umukunzi yita uwo akunda, agaragaza ubwuzu n’igikundiro amubonamo.

(3) Amaso y’inyana

Mu bisobanuro byaryo bisanzwe, amaso y’inyana ni amaso aya asanzwe y’inka ikiri nto. Ariko mu mvugoshusho y’urukundo, bitewe n’aho akoreshwa mu gisigo cyangwa mu ndirimbo, aya magambo ashobora kuvuga amaso arangwa n’ubwuzu, agaragaza amarangamutima kandi akurura uyareba.

Bityo, amaso aba nk’indorerwamo cyangwa ikirahure ureberamo ubwuzu n’amarangamutima, ayo maso akagufasha gutera umutoma umukobwa cyangwa umugore urata ubwiza bwe buhebuje.Dore agace k’indirimbo « Umutesi », yaririmbwe n’itsinda Les Amis des jeunes:

« Uri umutesi » — Bivuga ngo uri umwamikazi w’uburanga.
« Umutesi wanjye, maso y’inyana » — Bivuga ngo bwiza wabye ufite amaso meza nk’ay’inyana.
« Mwana wampogoje » — Bivuga ngo Wa mukobwa wantwaye umutima.

Aya magambo agaragaza uburyo imvugo y’ubusizi nyarwanda ikoresha imvugoshusho y’amaso n’ay’ubwiza bw’umukobwa kugira ngo igaragaze uburyo urukundo rushobora gutwara umutima w’umuntu.

(4) Akarire k’inyana

Iyi mvugo shusho na yo ikoreshwa mu mvugo y’urukundo irimo ubusizi.Mu bisobanuro bisanzwe, akarire k’inyana ni ikiraro gito,kirimo isaso yorohereye,kugira ngo inyana ibyagiremo. Mu rwego rw’ubusizi n’indirimbo, iyi mvugo shusho ishobora kumvikanisha ubworoherane, ubwuzu n’imiterere y’ahantu winjira kandi ukaharuhukira.

Dore agace k’indirimbo « Karire k’inyana » ya Selemani Gasirabo:

« Karire k’inyana, mubiri utemba itoto » — Isaso yorohereye, umubiri wuzuye itoto.
« Wowe bwiza budashira irora » — Wowe bwiza budahwema gukurura amaso.
« Agaseke karapfundikiye » — Agaseke karacyafunze, nta kiburaho.
« Nzagapfundura ari uko uje » — Ni wowe nzagafungurira ari uko ungezeho.

(5) Ubwiza bugereranywa n’amabara y’inka

Amabara y’ubwoya bw’inka na yo ni imwe mu nkomoko y’amashusho y’ikigereranyo akoreshwa mu kugaragaza ubwiza bw’umugore.

Urugero, ibara ryitwa igaju, ni ibara ry’ikigina cyerurutse, niryo ryatanze inkomoko ku mazina y’abakobwa nka Gaju na Mukabyagaju,iri ryo rikaba rifitanye isano n’ibara ryijimye kurushaho.Ibara ryitwa isine rikoreshwa mu kuvuga ubwoya bw’inka bufite ibara ry’ikigina cyijimye, buvanze n’ikigina cyerurutse. Iryo bara na ryo rigaragara mu izina ry’umukobwa Mukasine. Akabimburazina muka– kagaragaza isano n’inka y’isine.

Bityo, amabara atandukanye y’ubwoya bw’inka agaragaza umwanya ukomeye inka ifite mu bitekerezo nyarwanda bijyanye n’ubwiza, igikundiro n’umuco.Aya mazina kandi agaragaza uburyo imiterere y’amatungo n’amabara yayo byinjiraga mu buvanganzo,mu mvugo, mu mazina no mu mitekerereze y’Abanyarwanda, bigahinduka isoko y’ubusizi n’imvugo shusho zigaragaza ubwiza bw’umuntu.

(6) Ubwiza bw’umukobwa mu gusaba Inkwano

Mu muco nyarwanda wa kera, ubwiza bw’umukobwa bwari bufite isano y’ikigereranyo n’ishyingirwa ndetse n’inkwano. Iyi myumvire igaragarira no mu mazina amwe n’amwe yahabwaga abakobwa bakivuka.

Urugero, izina Murorunkwere mu magambo arambuye warisobanura uti :« Umukobwa wanjye ni ihoho, ni mwiza bihebuje ku buryo kumureba gusa bizagutera kwifuza kumpa inkwano. »

Iri zina rigaragaza ishema ry’umubyeyi w’umugabo wishimira ubwiza bw’umukobwa we. Rinagaragaza kandi isano y’ikigereranyo yashyirwaga hagati y’igikundiro cy’umukobwa, gushyingirwa n’inkwano mu muco nyarwanda.

Mu myumvire y’umuco gakondo, ubwiza bw’umukobwa bwashoboraga gufatwa nk’ikimenyetso cy’icyubahiro n’ishema ry’umuryango.

(7) Gakoni k’abakobwa

Mu Rwanda rwo hambere, abakobwa bashoboraga gutwara udukoni igihe bagendaga n’amaguru cyangwa igihe baragiraga inyana.

Uretse akamaro twari dufite mu buzima bwa buri munsi, utwo dukoni twashoboraga no kugira igisobanuro cy’ikigereranyo kijyanye n’ubwiza bw’umukobwa. Imvugo « Gakoni k’abakobwa » rero ishobora kumvikanisha, mu buryo bw’ubusizi, ubwiza bwo mu maso imiterere n’ubw’imitambukire y’abakobwa.

Dore agace k’indirimbo ya Mavenge Sudi:

« Gakoni k’abakobwa »— Agakoni k’abakobwa.
« Iribagiza, uri umwana w’ingenzi »— Wowe ukurura amaso ukabibagiza iyo bajyaga, w’agaciro.
« Tambuka uze neza »— Genda neza, kimbagira uze ufite igikundiro.

Muri aya magambo meza, igikundiro cy’umukobwa ntikigarukira ku isura ye gusa; kigaragarira no mu mitambukire ye, mu buryo yitwara no mu miterere y’ubwiza bwe.

(8) Amaribori

Mu busizi nyarwanda, amaribori ashobora kuba ikimenyetso cy’ubwiza bw’umukobwa. Iyi mvugo shusho igaragara cyane mu gisigo cya Cyprien Rugamba cyitwa « Marebe atembaho amaribori ».Dore uko imirongo ibanza ishobora gusobanurwa mu Gifaransa:

« Marebe atembaho amaribori »— Marebe arabagirana, yambaye amaribori y’ubwiza.
« Naramubonye agorora ikimero »— Namubonye agaragaza uko ateye n’uburanga bwe bwose.

(9) Menyo y’inyinya

Igikundiro cy’inyinya, ni ukuvuga akanya kaba hagati y’amenyo abiri y’imbere yo hejuru, na cyo cyagiye kigaragazwa kandi kigahabwa agaciro mu mvugo zimwe na zimwe zigaragaza ubwiza bw’umugore mu Rwanda.Iyo nyinya igaragarira cyane cyane mu kumwenyura, ikaba imwe mu biranga ubwiza karemano bwihariye bw’umuntu.

Dore agace k’indirimbo y’itsinda Virtose, kagaragaza neza iyo shusho:

« Simbi we (…) »—Wa mukobwa we wererana,w’uburanga.
« Nsekera shenge, mbone inyinya »—Nsekerera, mukobwa mwiza, ndebe akanyinya kawe.
« Ndebe amenyo y’inono »—Ndebe amenyo yawe afite utudomo twera.
« Utatse ubwiza bwaka de »—Wambaye ubwiza burabagirana.
« Wariboye uko ureshya »—Wambaye amaribori y’ubwiza ahuje n’imiterere yawe.

(10) Umusozo

Iki gice cya mbere cyagaragaje umwanya wihariye inka ifite mu bitekerezo nyarwanda bijyanye n’ubwiza bw’umugore.Mu muco nyarwanda, inka ntihagarariye ubukire n’imibereho y’ubworozi gusa; inagira uruhare mu mvugo, mu busizi no mu ndirimbo zigaragaza ubwiza n’urukundo.

Amashusho y’inyana, amaso yayo, akarire kayo n’amabara y’ubwoya bw’inka byagiye bikoreshwa mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo kugira ngo bigaragaze ubwuzu, igikundiro n’ubwiza bw’umukobwa cyangwa umugore.

Mu gice cya kabiri, tuzareba andi masoko y’ubuhanga bw’imvugo y’urukundo, aho ibidukikije, inyoni n’inyenyeri na byo bigira uruhare mu guhanga amagambo y’ubusizi no mu guhimbaza ubwiza bw’umugore.

Sources: Inyandiko yabanje kwandika mu gifaransa na Faustin Kabanza muri afrik.com

Iyi si,

Umwanditsi

Mwalimu Hakizimana Maurice ni umwarimu (enseignant) umusemuzi n’umuhinduzi (traducteur-interprète) n’umwanditsi (écrivain) ukorera i Paris,mu Bufaransa.

Mwalimu Hakizimana Maurice ni umwanditsi w’igitabo “UTABA AMATEKA NTABONA ITAKA” Editions Scribes cyavuyemo iyi nyandiko yose.

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