Mwalimu :HAKIZIMANA Maurice
Nk’uko mumaze kubimenyera, ku rubuga rwa Youtube rwitwa The Classroom HMO_(Ishuri somero rya Hakizimana Maurice), dusomeramo ibitabo,inyandiko, imyandiko, imigani,insigamigani,ibisakuzo, siyansi,filozofiya, ubumenyi rusange, ubuvanganzo, n’Amateka yanditswe mu bitabo binyuranye. Uyu munsi tugiye gusomera hamwe agace ko mu gitabo UTABA AMATEKA NTABONA ITAKA cya Mwalimu Hakizimana Maurice.
Umutwe: Utaba Amateka Ntabona Itaka : Amateka y’Abanyamulenge-Ese koko ni abanyarwanda?
Niba kandi wikundira Amateka yanditse,ngiyi inyandiko yakuwe mu Gitabo “Utaba Amateka Ntabona Itaka” kuva ku ipaji ya 224-245.
Amateka y’Abanyamulenge-Ese koko ni abanyarwanda?
Izina “Abanyamulenge” si izina ry’ubwoko. Nta bwoko bwitwa « Abanyamulenge » bwigeze bubaho mu Mateka y’u Rwanda cyangwa aya Kongo. Ni izina ry’ahantu, « i Mulenge » nko kuvuga ngo
« Abanyabutare »,« Abanyakigali », n’« Abanyabujumbula ».
Abanyamulenge ni abaturage batuye i Mulenge, ahantu hari hazwi gutyo na mbere y’umwaduko w’abaje kwiyita « Abanyamulenge » muri Kongo. Mulenge ni agasozi kari muri Itombwe, mu misozi iteze neza igose akarere kitwa Haut Plateau, Repubulika Iharanira demukarasi ya Kongo (yahoze yitwa Zayire, nayo yahoze yitwa Kongo-Mbiligi, yahoze yitwa Kongo) mu ntara ya Sud Kivu (Kivu y’Amajyepfo), teritwari ya Uvira aho Kongo u Burundi, n’u Rwanda bihanira imbibi.
Kwiyita “Abanyamulenge” byatangiye mu ntangiriro y’imyaka ya za 1970 banga gukomeza kwiyita “Abanyarwanda” cyangwa kwitwa “Abanyamahanga”. Muri 1976, izina “Banyamulenge” ryatangiye
gukoreshwa ku mugaragaro mu butegetsi ryinjijwemo na bwana Gisaro Muhoza, nawe wiyitaga « Umunyamulenge » wageze ku mwanya wa Minisitiri w’Intara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo mu Nteko ishinga amategeko, maze avuga ko Abanyamulenge ari ubwoko butuye teritwari ya Mwenga, iya Fizi, n’iya Uvira anaharanira ko izo teritwari eshatu ziba imwe zigatwarwa nabo. Ubwo buhirimbanyi bwe bwatewe utwatsi n’andi moko hamwe na Leta ya Zayire ariko ntibyapfuye ubusa kuko nibura izina “Abanyamulenge » ryo ryahise rifata gutyo. Kuva ubwo, izina “Abanyamulenge” mu matwi ya benshi ryumvikanisha ubwoko
bw’Abatutsi batuye mu ntara ya Kivu y’Epfo. Gusa hari abakibita « Banyamulenge Banyarwanda ».
Gisaro Muhoza
Muri iki gihe ho bari gukorerwa ivangurwa, bitwa « Abatutsi » « Abanyamahanga » ariko cyane cyane «Abanyarwanda ». Mu muco w’Abanyamulenge, iyo agiye kwivuga abanza kuvuga
amazina ye, umubyeyi, (se umubyara), sekuru, umurara we hamwe n’agasozi avukaho. Urugero : Nitwa Semahoro, Data ni Sebintu, Sogokuru ni Serugo ndi Umugorora mvuka mu Bwegera.
Dushingiye ku makuru nyayo twahawe n’abasaza bo mu Banyamulenge, n’ayo wakwisomera mu gitabo, “Les Banyamulenge qui sont–ils? ” cyanditswe n’umwanditsi Mutambo Joseph mu mwaka wa
1998, bose bahuriza ku kuba imirara y’Abanyamulenge yaragiye yiyongera cyangwa ikagabanuka bitewe n’uko imiryango yagendaga yihuza cyangwa se yagendaga yororoka cyane ikabyara indi mirara. Mu
Banyamulenge bahanza ubwoko, hagakurikiraho umurara, hagakurikiraho amazu, hagakurikiraho imiryango, hagasoza ingo. Abanyamulenge babarizwa mu mirara nibura 26 ari yo : Abanyabyishi, Abasinzira, Abasinga, Abega, Abasama , Abadinzi, Abanyakarama,Abitira, Abasita, Abagorora, Abahima, Abahinda, Abazigaba, Abatwari, Abasegege, Abadahurwa, Abaheto, Abongera, Abahondogo, Abahiga Abatakure, Abatura, Abapfurika, Abashonga, Abagabika, Ababano.
Uko Abanyarwanda bambutse Rusizi bagatura Bwegera
« Utaba Amateka ntabona itaka ». Amateka menshi ahuriza ku kuba Abanyarwanda (Aha turavuga « Abanyarwanda ba Rwanda rwa Gasabo » ni ukuvuga Abatutsi b’Abanyiginya) bo ha mbere barinjiye mu kibaya cya Rusizi n’i Mulenge muri rusange baragiye inka zabo. Nk’uko bisanzwe, mbese nk’uko byagenze igihe ba sekuruza babo ba kera cyane babigenje bageze mu bihugu byaje kwitwa u Rwanda. Abo banyarwanda bavuye mu Rwanda, bambuka Rusizi bagiye gutura muri kiriya gice kirimo Mulenge,
abo bari abatutsi bo mu bwoko nzu z’Abashambo bane ari bo Rugabika (cyangwa se Serugabika), ari we sekuruza w’Abagabika, na bene nyina aribo Gasinzira, ariwe sekuruza w’Abasinzira,
Rugorora sekuruzaw’Abagorora na Mfizi sekuruza w’Abapfizi.
Abanyamateka bavuga ko aba mbere bakurikiye abo tumaze kuvuga bahageze mu kinyejana cya 17
abandi mu kinyejana cya 18. Hafi ya bose baturutse mu Rwanda, baje baturuka mu Burundi, bake cyane baturuka Karagwe.
Dore inkuru izwi cyane mu miryango yose y’Abanyamulenge ivuga uko Abanyarwanda bane bo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi bo mu bwoko nzu y’Abashambo bageze hakurya muri Kongo Kivu y’Epfo bakahatura
bakahagira iwabo gutyo:
Byatangiriye ku mugabo witwaga Rugabika mwene Mushambo wa Kanyandorwa, wari utuye mu Kinyaga (Cyangugu), umunsi umwe yagiye gushora inka ze ku mugezi wa Rusizi, atereye amaso hakurya abona
ikibaya kirimo umukenke mwiza mwiza utoshye. Nk’undi mututsi (cyangwa umushumba) yagiye gutata icyo kibaya, asanga kidatuwe, ndetse yibwira ko agituye nta wazakimuburanya kuko nta nyiracyo cyari gifite. Nka ba basekuruza ba kera bageze i Gasabo, nawe ntiyatindiganyije, aho gucyura mu Kinyaga, inka yazigishishije muri icyo kibaya, kugira ngo zirishe uwo mukenke mwiza. Inka zarahageze zirashisha, zitanga umukamo, zirushaho kubyara ku bwinshi kuko amazi yaho yari meza cyane kandi zabonaga n’ubwatsi buhagije. Yahise yimura umugore we n’abana be, bimukira muri icyo kibaya, baturayo burundu kuko ngo “nta nyiraho” hari hafite. Urugo rwe rwa mbere yarwubatse ahitwa Bwegera, hariya muri teritwari ya Uvira. Nyuma yaho bene nyina batatu aribo Gasinzira, Rugorora na Mfizi baje kumusura, nabo barahashima. Nguko uko bahatuye, ndetse basubira hakurya mu Kinyaga aho babaga mbere
ahitwa Mushaka kuzana abagore babo n’abana babo bose n’inka zabo; baraza biturira aho ku Bwegera, barahahama.
Uku niko imiryango ya mbere y’Abanyarwanda yageze kuri ubwo butaka, itura Ku Bwegera, bakomeza kwiyita “Abanyarwanda”. Nyuma y’aho abandi “Banyarwanda” baje kubasangayo, maze “ubwoko”
buriyongera, barabyara, barororoka, baba benshi, ndetse baba ishyanga mu rindi.
Uko Abanyarwanda bageze ahitwa i Mulenge
Ibya Mulenge nyirizina byo byatangijwe n’umugabo witwaga Byinshi ari nawe ukomokwaho n’“Abanyabyinshi. Byinshi yari mwene Bamara, mwene Yuhi II Gahima, umwami w’umutusi cyane, Umunyiginya wari ku ngoma y “u Rwanda rwa Gasabo” kuva mu 1444 kugeza mu 1477.
Yuhi II Gahima amaze gutanga (gupfa) yasimbuwe n’umuhungu we Ndahiro II Cyamatare, wavaga inda imwe n’uwitwa Bamara ari nawe se wa Byinshi uyu turi kuvugaho. Bamara na Byinshi barwaniye ingoma na Ndahiro II Cyamatare, banga kuyoboka, bimika umuvandimwe wabo Juru, igihugu bagicamo kabiri batwara igice cy’iburasirazuba bwa Nyabarongo, naho Ndahiro II Cyamatare aguma igice cy’iburengerazuba. Nk’uko byasobanuwe muri iki gitabo UTABA AMATEKA NTABONA ITAKA, Ndahiro II Cyamatare na Juru bararwanye ivumbu riratumuka, maze Juru arapfa, ari ko nabwo igice cye nticyaheba
ingoma bimika Bamara mwene Yuhi II Gahima. Nawe amaze gupfa asimburwa na Byinshi umuhungu we, uyu niwe sekuruza w’abatutsi b’Abanyabyinshi.
Intambara hagati ya Byinshi na Ndahiro II Cyamatare yarakomeje, bagize imana bihurirana n’uko Abanyabungo (Abanyekongo) bateye u Rwanda rwa Gasabo igice cya Ndahiro II Cyamatare, bafatanya n’umwanzi bahagama umuvandimwe wabo amaraso arameneka kugeza ubwo igice cy” Abanyabungo n’Abantu ba Byinshi batsinze Ndahiro II Cyamatare. Abanyabungo bihera Abantu ba Byinshi igihugu cyose, ariko ari bo bategeka u Rwanda mu gihe cy’imyaka 11. Ndahiro II Cyamatare araraswa arakomerekacyane arahunga ariko bari bamuhamije, nguko uko yapfuye. Mbere yo kujya kuri urwo rugamba yaguyeho ariko, Ndahiro II Cyamatare yohereje umuhungu we Ruganzu Ndoli, kubunda kwa
nyirasenge Nyabunyana wari warashatse i Karagwe k’Abahinda ku mwami waho Karemera Ndagara. Uwo Ruganzu Ndoli niwe wagombaga kuzamusimbura. Uyu Ruganzu Ndoli amaze gukura yaje kubunduka
ndetse aza kwima ingoma ya Rwanda rwa Gasabo. Ikintu cya mbere Ruganzu Ndoli yakoze ni ugutera uwitwaga Rubingo w’Umugara, yiciye mu Buliza hariya Jali, amuhoye ko yafatanyije n’Abanyabungo gutera no kwica Se. Nyuma yo kwica Rubingo no kwigarurira abagaragu be yakurikijeho gutera Byinshi bya Bamara n’abahungu be Rugayi, Rukundamata na Kamasa. Byinshi yahise afatwa yicwa na Ruganzu Ndoli, maze abari baramuyobotse uhereye ku bahungu be, abakwe, abuzukuru n’abandi, barahigwa, baricwa, abacitse ku icumu rya Ruganzu Ndoli, bigira inama yo guhunga.
Mu guhunga ariko, Abanyabyinshi barwanye cyane n’Abantu ba Ruganzu II Ndoli kandi nawe ubwe yari ku rugamba ashaka guhorera Se nk’uko byahoze mu muco wa gitutsi. Urugamba rwa nyuma rukarishye
rwaremeye i Bwishaza hariya muri Kibuye, ni uko umwuzukuru wa Byinshi witwaga Rukiramacumu arabukwa Ruganzu II Ndoli arafora amuhamya umwambi w’ingobe mu jisho, agwa aho.
Uyu mwuzukuru wa Byinshi umurashi Rukiramacumu niwe ukomokwaho inzu y’Abanyabyinshi b’Abakiramacumu. Abanyabyinshi barokotse iyi ntambara ya Ruganzu II Ndoli bahise bahungira hakurya
mu kibaya cya Rusizi, bahasanga ba Bashambo bari bahamaze igihe aribo Abagabika, Abagorora, Abasinzira n’Abapfizi. Urubyaro rwa Byinshi rwatuye i Kakamba, ruguru gato ya Bwegera naho hari ubwatsi n’ubutaka buhagije. Abanyabyinshi ntibigeze bivanga n’andi moko yaba ay’abanye
Kongo cyangwa ay’Abanyarwanda bahasanze, bakomeje kwibera ukwabo, bakajya banarongorana hagati yabo kugira ngo bazagumane umwimere wabo.
Abanyabyinshi bose bari ibikomangoma, mu guhunga bahunganye amashyo menshi y’inka, bageze hakurya barusha ubukire abandi banyarwanda bahasanze. Na n’ubu kandi, mu buryo bw’inka
Abanyabyinshi bahOra imbere. Bakomeje kororoka igice kimwe kimukira mu misozi miremire ya Tombwe haberanye kurushaho n’inka kubera ko hadashyusha cyane. Bavuye mu misozi ya Tombwe bagenda bimuka bagera muri Fizi, muri Mwenga no muri Uvira hose bakwira muri teritwari eshatu zose. Abanyabyinshi batuye ku bwinshi Lemera, Rurambo, Tombwe, Swima, Uvira, Sange, Rurenge, Minembwe, Kamombo, Mujombo, na Mulenge nyirizina.
Abandi banyarwanda baje kubasangayo
Guhunga kw’Abanyarwanda si iby’ubu. Nyuma y’Abanyabyinshi, hakurikiyeho andi matsinda. Ariko tukiri ku Banyabyinshi, nabo ni uko ntibashyirwa batihoreye nk’uko biri mu maraso ya Gitutsi yose. Ku ngoma
ya Yuhi Mazimpaka, abuzukuruza b’Abanyabyinshi bari barasigaye mu “Rwanda rwa Gasabo”(kuko nta bapfira gushira) bashatse inshuti zirimo Abacyaba, bavaga indi imwe kuko Abanyabyinshi ni Abanyiginya
bakomoka kuri Gihanga na Nyamususa, ari nabo babyeyi ba Nyirarucyaba wakomotseho Abacyaba.
Abanyabyinshi rero bifashishije inshuti zabo z’Abacyaba maze babasha gushyingira umwami Yuhi Mazimpaka, Kiranga na Cyahinde, abakobwa bavaga inda imwe bo mu Bacyaba, bagira ngo bazamuce urwaho bamwice maze Abanyabyinshi basubirane ingoma banyazwe na Ruganzu Ndoli.
N’ubwo ingoma Ruganzu yayisigiye Semugeshi na we akayisigira Nyamuheshera wayisigiye Gisanura nawe akayisigira Mazimpaka, Abanyabyinshi bari batarashirwa, kuko bashakaga kuzayisubiza
amaherezo. Binavugwa ko kuba Yuhi Mazimpaka yararwaye amakaburo (ibisazi by’umwami), byatewe n’amarozi y’Abanyabyinshi.
Kugira ngo rero Abanyabyinshi bisubize ingoma bagambanye n’Umwami w’u Bugesera, Nsoro III Nyabarega, wari warahungiye mu Rwanda rwa Gasabo, igihugu cye cyatewe n’ingabo z’u Burundi. Uyu Nyabarega yakiriwe na Mazimpaka maze amutuza ku Mugina wa Jenda na Kabugondo ho ku
Mayaga, mu ntera nto uvuye ahi yari atuye ku Ijuru rya Kamonyi. Umunsi umwe, Nsoro agambana n’abagore ba Mazimpaka bavaga inda imwe, ari bo Kiranga na Cyahinde, ngo bazamushakire ubwihisho aho azashobora kwitegereza ubwiza bw’umugabo wabo umunsi yaje iwabo.Uyu mwami Yuhi Mazimpaka nubwo yasaraga ariko yari mwiza wese, yari umusore ufite uburanga burangaza abagenzi. Byaratinze birakunda. Nyuma, aho bimenyekaniye, ba bagore b’umwami bombi barishwe.
Mazimpaka nibwo abahimbiye igisigo cy’ “ubuse”, kivugira ukuri mu bitwenge! Kuko aba bagore bagambanye bari abo mu bwoko bw’Abacyaba. Mazimpaka yahise aca iteka ko “nta Mwami, nta n’umuntu umukomokaho, bazasaba umugeni mu bwoko bw’Abacyaba”. Mazimpaka yaribwiye ati
«ubu se kandi “Nzasaba he abageni?” » Ni nk’aho yagize ati «ko twisubiraniyemo se? » Mazimpaka kandi yahise ahimba igisigo yise « Singikunda ukundi». Muri iki gisigo arakarira abagore be cyane maze
akagira ati
« Sinategera umugore ijosi, ijoma rya Nyirabicuba,
naragendeje menya ibintu ibi. Umugore ni intati, umukamira impenda,
impinduka yaza akaguta mu nganigani. Umugore muterana agukinze
umutima, wamara guteba akagutambuka, agashakira imbere iyoooo…»
Mu Bami b’u Rwanda bose, Yuhi III Mazimpaka ni we wenyine warwaye indwara y’ «ibisazi» byeruye. Ni na yo yamwishe. Yahanutse ku nzu ye y’ «umuturirwa », yijugunya ku rutare rwari munsi yayo, arwita
ikizenga cy’amazi mbere y’uko bigera aho, ibwami bari bagerageje kubihishahisha.
Binaniranye Abiru bashyiraho umuhungu we w’imfura Rwaka ngo abe “umwami w’ingoboka”. Nyina Rukoni, yari Umunyiginyakazi kandi bizira ko yaba umugabekazi. Rwaka ahabwa n’izina ry’ubwami rya Karemera, izina bibye i Karagwe, ritabagaho mu mazina y’Abami b’i Rwanda.
Aho Mazimpaka apfiriye, Karemera Rwaka yahaye umwanya nyirawo ari we mwami wemewe Cyilima Rujugira, ariko yima bamaze kwica umugore we yakundaga cyane, Kalira, bamunywesheje (bamuroze) agwa ku Kivumu cya Mpushi na Nyarenga, i Gitarama (neza neza hariya Cyeza
muri Muhanga). Ibi nibyo byatumye avuga ngo « Nta byera ngo de ! Ubonye iyo nima Kalinga iyi ndi kumwe na Kalira ? » Mu iperereza, basanze bavuze ko bagomba gutsembatsembaho
Abanyabyinshi n’Abacyaba kuko ari bo bamwishe, maze babahukamo barabica koko, uhereye ku ruhinja kugera ku musazarukukuri, abahonotse bahungira hakurya muri Kongo bageze i Mulenge basangayo
Abanyabyinshi bari bahamaze imyaka isaga 100 barabakira.
Intambara hagati y’u Burundi n’u Rwanda nayo yatumye Abanyarwanda bandi bahungira muri Kongo
Abandi buzukuruza b’Abanyabyinshi bake bari basigaye babaho rwihishwa bahunze ingoma ya Cyilima Rujugira kimwe n’abandi banyarwanda. Byagenze gute ? Mu gisigo « Ibyuma bitsindira Abami » cya Kalimunda, yageneyeumucuzi witwaga Muhabura mwene Bwayi wo mu Basinga b’Abanukamishyo, wari utuye mu Marangara. Uyu Bwayi niwe waje kwitirirwa agasozi yari atuyeho kitwa « Kabwayi » bandika ngo
« Kabgayi » tuzi ubu. Umusizi Kalimunda rero henga azaze gucurisha amacumu n’imyambi byo gutabara ku rugamba rwari rukaze icyo gihe. Umucuzi agumya kwirozonga ntiyatanga ibyuma, ashutswe
n’Abanyabyinshi, bagira ngo Umwami abure intwaro atsindwe n’Abarundi. Kalimunda yahise amurega ibwami. Umucuzi yumvise ko byamukomeranye, ahimba amayeri yo kwiregura ko yari ahugiye gucura
“imishyo” yo kuragurira abatabazi. Yiga no kwiregura mu bisigo. Henga rero urubanza ruzabure gica. Ruva ku makosa y’umuntu, ruhinduka impaka z’ikirusha ikindi gutsindira igihugu hagati y’ “indagu” yerekana
intsinzi n’ “intwaro” zirwana ku rugamba. Ubwo hari ku ngoma ya Rujugira nyamara intambara ikaze hagati y’u Rwanda n’u Burundi. Rujugira yaje guperereza amenya ko Muhabura yashutswe
n’Abanyabyinshi, batari bishimiye ingoma ye, maze arabahiga arabica bose, abahonotse basanga bene wabo i Mulenge.
Abanyarwanda bahungiye “inzara y’intofanyi” i Mulenge muri 1750
Uretse Abanyabyinshi, hari n’abandi banyarwanda bagiye i Mulenge mu gihe cy’inzara yiswe Rukungugu (ku ngoma ya Yuhi IV Gahindiro n’umugabekazi Nyirayuhi IV Nyiratunga) ahayinga umwaka w’1750. Iyi
nzara yiswe “Inzara y’ibijumba” cyangwa “Inzara y’intofanyi”. Intofanyi ni ko bitaga ibirayi muri icyo gihe.
Abanyarwanda bahungiye “Intambara yo ku Rucunshu” i Mulenge muri 1896
Nyuma ya Rukungugu, hari abandi Banyarwanda abagiye i Mulenge na none bahunze intambara yo ku Rucunshu mu 1896, ubwo Musinga,abifashijwemo na nyina Kanjongera na ba Nyirarume, yakoreye Kudeta mwene se Rutarindwa. Ahanini abagiye bahunze Rucunshu ni Abega b’Abahenda kubera ko
bagize ibihe bikomeye mu gihe cy’ ihora rya Kanjogera. Ahanini Abahenda baziraga uwitwa Rwamanywa rwa Mirimo (wakomokaga muBudaha,i Nyange).
Uyu Rwamanywa, yari inkoramutima ya Muhigirwa (umuvandimwe wa Rutarindwa wiciwe ku Rucunshu).
Rwamanywa niwe watumwe na Muhigirwa kuri Baryinyonza mu Buyaga (Byumba) kugira ngo bahurize hamwe batere i Bwami. Rwamanywa, rero kuri Kanjogera yafatwaga nk’umwanzi ukomeye. Ibi nibyo byatumye habaho guhigwa ku miryango y’Abahenda kubera mwene wabo Rwamanywa rwa Mirimo wari inshuti ya Muhigirwa wa Rwabugiri warwanyije ingoma ya Kanjogera ahereye i Ngeri (Nyaruguru).
Abega b’Abahenda nibwo batangiye guhunga, bamwe berekeza i Mulenge;abandi nabo berekeza i Murera (Ruhengeri) mu gihugu cy’i Buhutu, ari nabo bamwe bavuyemo abagiye i Gishali muri Kivu ya Ruguru hagati ya 1920-1955 mu cyiswe MIB (Migration des Banyarwanda). Nyuma y’itsindwa ry’igikomangoma Muhigirwa n’abambari be, umugabekazi Kanjogera, mwene Nyiramashyongoshyo (umushambokazi) na Rwagakara rwa Gaga afatanyije na basaza be n’abisengeneza be, barimo Kabare, Ruhinankiko, Mbanzabigwi, Cyigenza, Ruhinajoro, Nyirinkwaya, Rwabutogo n’abandi batangiye gushakikisha abari bashyigikiye Muhigirwa, ari nako bicwa. Abahonotse ubwo bwicanyi
bwiswe ihora ryo mu myaka ya 1898-1910 bagiye bahungira i Mulenge nabo.
Abandi Banyarwanda bahunze imisoro yacibwaga ku nka ngoma ya Kigeli IV Rwabugili bahungiye mu bice bya Kivu y’epfo
Abanyamulenge bamwe bageze i Kongo bahunze imisoro y’inka yari izanwe n’umwami Rwabugili
Ku ngoma ya Kigeli IV Rwabugili, hari umubare munini w’Aborozi bahunze imisoro yacibwaga ku nka, mu rwego rwo kuzahura ubukungu no kubaka ubwami bwe. Icyo gihe, abaturage benshi mu Rwanda biganjemo abatutsi (abatunzi, aborozi), bahunze imisoro bacibwaga ku matungo
yabo, bahungishiriza amashyo yabo muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo. Aya moko yose yagiye ahungira i Mulenge yahasanze abakomoka kuri Rugabika (Serugabika) na bene nyina, ndetse n’Abanyabyinshi bakomoka
kuri Byinshi bya Bamara wa Yuhi Gahima. Icyo bahuriyeho ni uko abahungiye muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo banze kwivanga n’andi moko y’AbanyeKongo bahasanze ari yo y’Abafulero Ababembe, Abashi
n’abandi. Bubatse ishyanga mu rindi bakomeza kwiyumva nk’Abanyarwanda, bakitwara Kinyarwanda,Gitutsi,bakarya Kinyarwanda, bakavuga ururimi rwabo mbese banga guhinduka
AbanyeKongo burundu.
Kubera ko aya moko yose yiyumvagamo kuba Abanyarwanda kurusha abanye Kongo n’ubwo abenshi batazi u Rwanda, bakomeje kurongorana, maze akeshi bakabyara abana badakomeye (consanguinité).
Abatutsi bahunze muri Revolisiyo ya 1959-62 ni bo tsinda rya nyuma ryageze mu ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo
Mu gihe cya Revolisiyo y’i 59 kugeza 62 yaherekejwe hamwe na hamwe n’’urugomo rwakorewe abatutsi bari abatware, umwami agahunga, abatware be n’imiryango yabo n’amatungo yabo nabo bafashe iy’ubuhungiro. Igice kinini cyagiye muri Uganda no mu Burundi, ariko hari n’abahisemo gusanga bene wabo bari baramaze gufatisha ubuzima muri Kongo, cyane cyane mu Ntara zombi za Kivu.
Abagiye muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo basanze aba banyarwanda batari bakiyise “Aabanyamulenge” naho abagiye muri Kivu ya Ruguru basanzeyo abandi batutsi bari bahamaze igihe nabo bagiyeyo cyane cyane
ku Ngoma ya Kigeli IV Rwabugili, muri teritwari ya Rutshuru na Masisi. Twavuga ko ku bagize iri tsinda ryiyise “Abanyamulenge”, aba batutsi bahungiyeyo babaye aba nyuma biyongereye kuri bo. Bamwe muri bo bagumyeyo nabo bahinduka “Abanyamulenge”.
Abanyekongo batangira kurwana n’Abanyarwanda baje kwiyita “Abanyamulenge”
Nanone bamaze kuba benshi bo n’inka zabo, hatangiye kuba amakimbirane hagati yabo n’andi moko bapfa inzuri, ubutaka, konesha, cyangwa inka zabaga zigiye kunyagwa. Byageze mu myaka ya za 1800
amoko y’Abanyekongo yiganjemo Abahinzi n’Abami babo bamaze gukanguka, batangira guhangana n’aba banyarwanda babatuyemo.
Inama ya Berlin yigabanya Afurika, hashyirwaho imipaka, Abanyarwanda bo muri Kongo bahamayo
Inama y’i Berlin y’Abanyaburayi b’Abakoloni yigabanyije Afurika. Iyi nama yatangiye ku wa 15 Ugushyingo 1884 irangira ku wa 26 Gashyantare 1885.Ni inama yatumijwe na Bismarck wayoboraga Ubudage, ihuza ibihugu by’Ubudage, Otrishiya-Hongriya, Ububiligi, Danemarike, Hispaniya, Ubufaransa, Ubwongereza, Ubutaliyani, Ubuholandi, Portugali, Uburusiya, Suedi, Norveji na Turkiya. Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika nazo zarayitabiriye nk’indorerezi. Iyi nama yakurikiwe n’Inama y’i Buruseli yo muri 1910, yashyizeho imipaka hagati y’u Rwanda, Kongo na Uganda, yari ihuje Ibihugu by’Abakoloni byari byarageze mu Karere k’Ibiyaga bigari ari byo Ubudage, Ubwongereza n’Ububiligi. Iyi nama yashyizeho imipaka uko tuyizi uyu munsi, maze ba Banyarwanda bagiye hakurya bahindurwa Abanye Kongo gutyo.
Nguko uko abakomoka kuri Rugabika na bene nyina, Abanyabyinshi n’andi moko yagiye ahunga mu bihe bitandukanye, yaremye igice kinini cy’igihugu mu kindi, mu ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo. Bakomeje kwiyita“Abanyarwanda” kugera ejo bundi aha muri za 1970 ubwo biyitaga “Abanyamulenge”, ngo bitandukanye n’Abanyarwanda b’i Rwanda. Ikindi bavuga ko ururimi rwabo atari “Ikinyarwanda” ahubwo ari“Ikinyamulenge”.
Amateka y’urwango hagati y’ Abanyamulenge n’amoko y’Ababembe n’Abafulilo intambara ya Mulele
Tugeze muri 1961-1964 umwaka umwe gusa nyuma y’ubwigenge bwa Kongo-Mbiligi, aho birukanye ingoma ya Gikolonize y’Ababiligi bakimika Repubulika. Uwari perezida wa Repubulika akaba n’umugaba
w’ikirenga w’ingabo ni Jenerali Joseph Désiré Mobutu n’ingabo z’igihugu nshya zitwaga ANC (Armée nationale Congolaise). Uyu mutegesi mushya wari umaze gukorera kudeta Repubulika ya I yari
ashyigikiwe cyane na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’Ububiligi bwahoze bubakolonije.
Hadutse umutwe w’inyeshyamba wiyitaga Simba wari uyobowe na Antoine Gizenga na Pierre Mulele, uyu mutwe ni nawo witwaga nanone “rebellion muleliste” (Aba Mulele) maze uhera mu Burasirazuba bwa Kongo nshya, Kisangani, urwanya Leta ufata ibice byinshi cyane byo mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo. Banabashije gucamo Kongo kabiri, bashinga Republique populaire du Congo ( Repubulika y’abaturage ya Kongo) , icyicaro cyayo kiba Stanleyville ariyo Kisangani y’ubu, Perezida w’iyo Repubulika yabaye Christophe Gbenye. Icyo gihugu gishya cyagenzuraga kugeza Uburasirazuba bwa Kongo bwose. Uwo mutwe wa Simba cyangwa aba Mulele wari ushyigikiwe n’igihugu cya Leta zunze ubumwe
z’Abasoviyeti (iki cyabaye Uburusiya), unashyigikiwe n’ Ubushinwa, Egiputa na Cuba.
Izi nyeshyamba zaje kurandurwa na Opération Dragon rouge igikorwa cya gisirikare cyari cyateguwe n’Ububiligi, Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika halwe na Kongo. Haje aba parakomando 343 bamanukira mu mitaka mu ndege eshanu z’Abanyamerika bafata ikibuga cy’indege maze kuya 24 Ugushyingo barwanira mu mugi. Aba ba Mulele barwanaga banyweye ibiyobyabwenge kandi bizeye imbaraga z’ikuzimu bakagira umupfumu witwaga Mama Onema wababwiraga ko n’amasasu atabatobora ko azajya abagwaho nk’amazi (mu giswayike “mayi”). Barwanaga baririmba ngo“Mayi Mulele” bisobanura ngo “Amazi ya Mulele”. Abo ba Mulele bari barafashe bugwate abazungu 2000 bahise babohozwa ako kanya, bahita burizwa indege za C-130 basubizwa iwabo. Gusa Aba Mulele bari barishemo 24 harimo abihayimana nka Musenyeri Wamba, Musenyeri Joseph Wittebols, n’abandi bo mu Muryango w’Aba
Dehoniens.
Tugarutse ko Banyamulenge rero, Abanyamulenge babanje gushyigikira inyeshyamba za Mulele, ariko nyuma yaho aho izi nyeshyamba zitangiye kubarira inka (inka z’Abanyamulenge) bahita
bahindura uruhande bari bariho. Ingabo za Leta ya Mobutu zasabye Abanyamulenge gufatanya n’ingabo za Leta, abemerera no kubaha imbunda zo kurinda ubushyo bwabo ariko bakamufasha guhumbahumba
inyeshyamba za Simba (ba Mulele) zari zarayobotswe bikomeye n’abo mu bwoko bw’Ababembe, na bamwe mu Bafulilo; ubwoko bwari bwiganje muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo.
Insoresore z’Abanyamulenge zitwaje intwaro, zatangiye kurasa inyeshyamba za Mulele (ziyitaga Simba bivuga “Intare”) zicamo abasore n’abagabo benshi bo mu bwoko bw’Ababembe n’Abafulilo.
Kuva ubwo, Umubembe n’Umufulilo afata “Umunyamulenge” nk’umugambanyi, wagize uruhare mu kurimbura ubwoko bwabo, kandi yaraje ari umwimukira waje amusanga kuri ubwo butaka.
Abanyamulenge mu ntambara ya Schramme (Shikaramu)
Schramme (Abanyekongo bamwitaga Shikaramu) akaba Umubiligi wari utuye muri Katanga, muri Kongo kuva afite imyaka 18 afite imirima yihingira kandi atunze, yari yaranze gutaha nyuma y’uko Kongo yipakuruye Ububiligi kuri idependansi kuko Kongo yari yaramuryoheye.
Indi ntambara ni iyabaye muri 1967. Hari umugabo witwaga Jean Shikaramu. Igihe iyi ntambara yadukaga, yaremye umutwe witwara gicancuro wari ugizwe n’abarwanyi 123 b’abacancuro, hamwe
n’abajandarume 600 maze ajya ku ruhande rwa Moise Tshombé wagerageje gukorera Kudeta Mobutu muri 1967 afatanyije n’undi muncancuro witwa Bob Denard.
Kugeza aha uyu yari yarabaye umu Koloneli mu ngabo zitwaga iza Katanga yashakaga kwiyomora kuri Kongo ngo ibe igihugu kigenga. Kudeta ipfubye, bahungiye mu Burasirazuba bwa Kongo, abanza gushinga ibirindiro mu mugi wa Stanleyville (Kisangani y’ubu) nyuma arabyimura abishinga Bukavu hakurya y’u Rwanda. Yahirukanye ingabo za Leta afata uwo mugi tariki ya 10 kanama 1967. Urugamba rukomeye rwabaye hagati y’izo ngabo ze n’igisirikare cya Leta, ibitero byari biyobowe na Jenerali
Leopold Massiala tariki ya 29 Ukwakira kugeza kuya 5 Ugushyingo 1967. Ingabo za Leta zari nyinshi cyane incuro 20 kumurusha, Bod Denard aramuhinduka, abacancuro be biganjemo abakomoka Katanga bararuha, maze inyeshyamba za Jean Schramme (Shikaramu) zihungira hakurya,
mu Rwanda zihasanga ingabo z’u Rwanda ku bwa Kayibanda Gregoire zibambura intwaro Abanyekongo basubizwa iwabo mu buzima busanzwe, Jean Schramme na bagenzi be b’Ababiligi burizwa indege
bataha iwabo i Bruxelles ku ya 28 mata 1968 aho yagombaga gucirwa urubanza n’igihugu cye cy’Ububiligi bwari bushyigikiye Leta ya Kongo. Ahageze, yanyuze mu myanya y’intoki ubutabera, ahungira muri Burezili. Ingabo za Kongo zigarukana ituze mu burasirazuba ahabaga Abanyarwanda bahasuhukiye imyaka myinshi mbere yaho. Abanyamulenge nanone bafatanyije na Mobutu kurwanya aba ba
Shikaramu kandi byagenze neza.
Tugeze 1965–1969 hadutse uwitwa Laurent Désiré Kabila n’ishyaka rye PPR (Parti du Peuple pour la Révolution). Uyu nawe yatangije intambara yo kurwanya Mobutu. Abanyamulenge bagiye ku ruhande rwa Kabila icyo gihe, barwanya igihugu cya Kongo. Nyuma nanone nk’uko byagenze mu ntambara ya Mulele, baje kwitandukanya na Kabila kubera ko abasirikare be bafataga abakobwa babo n’abagore babo ku ngufu ndetse bakarya n’inka zabo. Aha abasaza bakuze mu Banyamulenge bategetse ko abagize uyu muryango mugari barwana nanone begamiye ku ruhande rwa Mobutu ndetse uku kwihuza kw’Abanyamulenge na Mobutu gushegesha cyane Kabila n’ingabo ze biziviramo gutsindwa birangira zihungiye muri Tanzaniya, nyuma y’uko umucancuro Che Guevara ashatse kuzifasha
agasanga nta gahunda zifite.
Abanyamulenge bakundwa bagakundwakazwa na perezida Mobutu – bahabwa ubwenegihugu bwa Kongo bose
Abanyamulenge nta ntambara batagizemo uruhare kandi barafatwaga nk’Abanyarwanda b’abasuhuke. Byatumye amoko batuyemo abagirira urwikekwe ruhoraho, dore ko rimwe babaga barwanya Leta ubundi bakayishyigikira. Nyuma y’izi ntambara zose, perezida Mobutu yabashyize ku ibere,
arabareka bariga, abaha ubwenegihugu bose mu itegeko teka no 72-002 ryo muri 1972 riha ubwenegihugu abanyarwanda n’abarundi bose babaga aho muri Zayire kugeza icyo gihe. Nyuma agenda abaha imyanya ikomeye mu butegetsi twavuga nka Barthelémy Bisengimana wari wariyise Bisengo ya Mokili, muri cya gihe cya Zairinisation cyangwa Authenticité (Politike yo kwipakurura amazina n’umuco by’abazungu) ya Mobutu, waje no kuba Diregiteri muri Perezidansi ya Mobutu, hari kandi na Bizimana Karahamuheto wari wariyise Bizima Karaha,na Shamukiga wari wariyise Shamukina.
Perezida Mobutu na Dircab we Barthelémy Bisengimana
Biyita Abanyamulenge, bagirwa inama yo kubyara cyane bakororoka
Mu banyamulenge bari ku ibere mu gihe cya Mobutu kandi bize cyane, harimo Muhoza Isaac na Bisengimana Barthelémy. Kubera ukuntu bari bugarijwe n’itotezwa bakorerwaga n’abaturanyi babo b’Ababembe,Abafulelo, Abanyentu, n’andi moko atuye kariya gace bahoraga babatera
babaziza ko ari “Abanyarwanda” aba bagabo bombi baje guteranya abasaza bakuze b’i Mulenge bababwira ko bagomba gushishikariza abahungu babo bakazajya bashaka bakiri bato ku buryo ku myaka 15 umwana w’umuhungu cyangwa uw’umukobwa yagombaga guhita ashyingirwa, kugira ngo babyare abana benshi, bagwize amaboko, bazabashe guhangana n’abanzi babo.
Muri 1972 Muhoza Isaac yateranije inama n’abasaza bakuze ababwira ko bagomba gushimangira ko bagomba kwitwa “Abanyamulenge” hagamijwe kwanga izina ry’Ubunyarwanda bitwaga n’Ababembe
n’Abafulelo ngo kuko nk’umuntu wize atumvaga uburyo bitwa Abanyarwanda kandi bamaze ibinyejana byinshi kuri ubwo butaka bwiswe Kongo bahatuye, kandi n’inama za Berlin na Bruxelles zarabagize
Abanyekongo kimwe n’abandi bose.
Muri 1981 perezida Mobutu yakomeje gutetesha Abanyamulenge yemera ko ubwoko bw’ “Abanyamulenge” (gutyo nyine) ari ubwoko bumwe mu moko hafi 500 atuye Kongo yari isigaye yitwa Zayire. Icyo gihe Abanyamulenge basaga n’ababaho biyometse ku Balega bari biganje
muri teritwari ya Mwenga, Ababembe biganje muri teritwari ya Fizi n’Abafulero biganje muri teritwari ya Uvira. Kuva iryo tegeko ryasohoka, andi moko yahatiwe kubita “Abanyamulenge” maze buhoro buhoro ibyo kubita abanyarwanda bigenda bishira.
“Utaba Amateka ntabona itaka” n’ubwo Abanyamulenge babayeho bahanganye n’andi moko atarabashakaga kubera ukwironda kwabo, n’ukwivanga mu ntambara kwabo, ariko mu butegetsi bwa Mobutu Sese Seko barateteshejwe kandi bafatwa neza ndetse kurush andi moko menshi gakondo yo muri Kongo.
Abanyamulenge binjiye muri FPR-Inkotanyi batera u Rwanda, bashimangira ko ari Abanyarwanda
N’ubwo Abanyamulenge bavugaga ko atari Abanyarwanda ari Abanyekongo, nyamara kandi, inkomoko n’ubwoko si ikintu. Ku ya 1 Ukwakira 1990, Inyeshyamba z’abatutsi bibumbiye mu muryango wa
FPR-Inkotanyi zateye u Rwanda zivuye muri Uganda. Zari zimaze igihe zitoza igisirikare mu nyeshyamba za Museveni zanafashe ubutegetsi muri 1986. Abo banyarwanda b’impunzi bahindutse “Abagande” bajya muri guverinoma no mu gisirikare ku bwinshi. Igitangaje, ni uko n’abanyamulenge, kubera ko biyumvamo kuba abatutsi n’abanyarwanda mbere ya byose, bazisanze muri Uganda no mu ishyamba bafatanya
intambara. Iyo ubajije abasaza b’abanyamulenge icyabibateye, bakubwira ko ku ikubitiro bumvaga ko ari intambara y’Abatutsi bashaka kwisubiza u Rwanda, no kugarura umwami bita uwabo nabo, maze biyibagiza byose bitabira urugamba ku bwinshi. Urugamba rwari ruyobowe na Major Paul
Kagame rwasabaga ubwitange n’abasirikare benshi ndetse n’amikoro yo kugura ibikoresho.
Ni urugamba rwamaze imyaka ine, kuva kuya 1 Ukwakira 1990 kugeza ku ya 4 Nyakanga 1994.
Ngiryo rero ikosa rikomeye bakoze baba basubije ibintu inyuma. Ha mbere, kuva muri 1965-1969, Abanyamulenge barwanaga ku ruhande rwa Mobutu Sese Seko, kandi bumvaga barwanira
igihugu cyabo. None hano, bagiye mu mutwe urwanya ikindi gihugu (u Rwanda) kubera ko gusa bafitanye isano y’amaraso n’izo nyeshyamba. Bashakaga “kubohoza u Rwanda rwabo”. Aha berekanye ko ari Abanyarwanda kurusha uko ari abanyekongo.
Abanyamulenge bituye inabi ineza bagiriwena Mobutu Sese Seko, bahisemo kuba Abanyarwanda
Baca umugani mu Kinyarwanda ngo “Ubugira neza bw’inkware bwayigonze ijosi”. Mobutu Sese Seko yari yarabahaye byose, kugera no muri perezidansi. Bari bafashwe neza nk’ibyana by’ingagi kandi nta wari
kubakoraho ngo abikire. N’ubwo amoko batuyemo atabishimiraga cyane cyane kubera ko gusa umuco; kuko banenaga andi moko, bataryaga kimwe, batasangira, batemera gushyingirana nabo, badakwa kimwe, batavuga ururimi rumwe, baragumanye ubunyarwanda, kandi bagapfa ko babatwaye ubutaka bunini baragiraho inka zabo, ariko Leta ya Zayire yo, nka Leta, ntiyigeze ibatoteza cyangwa ngo ibashumuriza ababatoteza.
Itegeko ryatanzwe muri 1960 ryavugaga ko abantu bose bari ku butaka bwa Kongo igihe imipaka yakatwaga n’Inama ya Berlin bose ari abanyeKongo inkomoko baba bafite iyo ari yo yose. N’ubwo iryo tegeko ritasobanuraga abanyarwanda mu izina, kugira ngo haveho urujijo, perezida Mobutu mu itegeko teka no 72-002 ryo muri 1972 yasobanuye neza abo ari bo: Abanyarwanda n’Abarundi. Icyo gihe bari batariyita izina bahuriyeho bose “Abanyamulenge”.
Kubera ko byabaye kimomo ko ba bantu Mobutu yahaye byose bisubiriye mu mashyamba yo mu Rwanda kurwanirira u Rwanda, na perezida Mobutu ubwe yatunguwe no kubona ba Banyamulenge yashyize imbere akabaha imyanya mu mashuri no mu butegetsi, akabaha ubwenegihugu bw’igihugu cye bafashe intwaro kurwanya u Rwanda igihugu cy’incuti ahubwo nawe yoherereje ingabo zo kunesha abo banzi.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, muri Zaïre barakangutse. Abanyepolitiki bo muri Kongo batavugaga rumwe na Mobutu babonye urwaho rwo kumushinja ko yashyize ku ibere Abanyarwanda none bakaba bamweretse ko ntacyo bapfana na Kongo. Abanyamulenge bari babereye igisebo gikomeye Mobutu Sese Seko. Hahise hashyirwaho Komisiyo ishinzwe kwiga ku kibazo cy’Abanyamulenge yari iyobowe na Mambweni Vangu, mu gihe gito, yanzura ko Abanyamulenge bose ari Abanyarwanda kandi bagomba
gutaha iwabo hatitawe ku gihe bagereye muri iki gihugu.
Abanyamulenge barushijeho kwisuka mu nyeshyamba za FPR Inkotanyi ku bwinshi, batanga n’inka zabo n’ibyabo byose bafasha bene wabo gutsinda intambara. Ababakuriye bari bafite ku mutima
guhirimbanira kuzajya kubohoza Zaïre, bakirukanamo Mobutu Sese Seko, igihugu kikayoborwa n’Abanyamulenge cyangwa incuti zabo gusa byanarimba bakomeka Kongo ku Rwanda hose hose hakaba u Rwanda bisanzuyemo.
Mu Rwanda intambara irangiye, Abanyamulenge bahawe imyanya myinshi mu nzego z’ubutegetsi mu Rwanda kandi bahabwa ibyangombwa by’ubunyarwanda hatitawe kuri byinshi. Mu gihugu hose, nibo cyane cyane bari abacamanza, abagenzacyaha, abayobozi ba za gereza, abayobozi b’ibigo by’amashuri, abapasitori mu nsengero nyinshi, abapolisi, n’abakozi bo mu rwego rw’abinjira n’abasohoka, n’ahandi. Aho batagaragaraga cyane ni mu bushorishori bw’ingabo z’u Rwanda nshya,muri guverinoma, no mu Nteko, mbese mu butegetso bwite bwa Leta.
Sakirirego: Abanyamulenge batera Zayire, bajya gukuraho Mobutu Sese Seko
Nyuma y’imyaka ibiri gusa bicaye mu Rwanda, tugeze mu mwaka wa 1996, bari bamaze kwiyegeranya, maze bo ubwabo, Leta y’u Rwanda iyobowe na FPR Inkotanyi bafashije ku rugamba, hamwe na Uganda mukuru wabo bose, bashatse izina bashyira imbere bibuka Mzee Laurent Désiré Kabila, umugabo warwanyije Mobutu ubuzima bwe bwose ariko akananirwa. Bamaze kumuvugisha, u Rwanda, Uganda, Abanyamulenge, (mbese Abahima, Abatutsi, n’ Abanyamulenge) bashinze Ihuriro bise AFDL (bivuga ngo Alliance des Forces Démocratiques de Libération), Ihuriro riharanira demukarasi no kubohoza igihugu.
Aha Abanyamulenge bari bongeye kwereka Mobutu wari warabahaye ubwenegihugu n’imirimo ikomeye muri Leta ye ko “umutindi umuvura ijisho bwacya akarigukanurira” kandi ko “ubugiraneza bw’inkware
bwayigonze ijosi”. Abanyamulenge bari barigeze, muri 1969, gufatanya na Mobutu kurwanya Laurent Désiré Kabila, none nibo bamuhetse ku bitugu. Abari hafi ya Mobutu bavuga ko byamushenguye cyane umutima.
Urugamba rwararose kuva mu ntambara ya I ya Kongo 1996 irangira 1997 ikuyeho byihuse umusaza Mobutu Sese Seko, arahunga, ndetse aza gupfira muri Maroc azize indwara ya Cancer ifata ubugabo (Prostate). Kuva ubwo, Abanyamulenge n’urugaga bari kumwe bafashe ubutegetsi, perezida waba Laurent Désiré Kabila, umugaba mukuru w’ingabo aba umunyarwanda byeruye Jenerali James Kabalebe, maze abanyamulenge batangira kugararagara mu nzego zikomeye z’igihugu nko muri
Guverinoma, Igisirikare, Igipolisi, Ubucamanza, Sena, Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, n’ahandi.
Ese andi moko yabirebaga yabafasjhe ate? Wibuke ko ya Komisiyo yashyizweho mu myaka ya za 1990 igihe Abanyamulenge bavaga iwabo muri Kongo bakajya gufatanya n’Abanyarwanda basangiye ubwoko ku rugamba rw’Inkotanyi yanzuye ko “Abanyamulenge atari abanye Kongo, ko ari Abanyarwanda kandi ko bagomba gusubira iwabo bose hatitawe ku gihe bamaze ku butaka bwa Kongo”. None se byarahindutse?
Abanyamulenge batera Kongo bwa kabiri, bajya gukuraho Mzee Laurent Desiré Kabila
Ntibyatinze Abanyamulenge bahise babonwa nk’ikibazo kuri Leta ya Laurent Désire Kabila, kandi bi baribwiraga ko ibibazo bikemutse ko bafite ubutegesti kandi ko Laurent Désire Kabila azabumvira kuko ari bo (u Rwanda) bamuteruye bakamugeza ku butegetsi. Ariko kandi byarigararagazaga ko Abanyamulenge ari Abanyarwanda bakaba n’Abatutsi kurusha uko ari Abanyekongo. Ibyo perezida Laurent Désire Kabila yarabitahuye nawe, kimwe na perezida Mobutu, maze afata icyemezo. Kabila yirukanye Abanyarwanda bose muri Leta ye, mu ngabo, mu gisirikare, maze akora isuku rusange mu gihugu. Igitangaje Abanyamulenge bose bajyanye n’Abanyarwanda basubira mu Rwanda.
Abari mu ngabo z’igihugu batumanaho bose biyegeranyiriza mu Rwanda maze ako kanya batangiza urugamba rushya rwo gukuraho Laurent Désiré Kabila. Bahawe umugaba mushya w’ingabo ubavukamo
witwa Patrick Masunzu wari umwofisiye mu ngabo z’igihugu, agumura Abanyamulenge n’andi moko yose y’abatutsi bo muri Nord Kivu na Sud Kivu bahangana bikomeye na Leta. Aba bari bashyigikiwe muri byose (intwaro, imiti, ingabo, amafaranga, ubuvugizi) na Leta y’u Rwanda iyobowe na FPR Inkotanyi. Leta y’u
Rwanda nayo yari ishyigikiwe na Uganda hamwe n’ibihugu byo mu burengerazuba bw’isi bwasahuriraga mu nduru amabuye y’agaciro menshi cyane yanyuzwaga mu Rwanda.
Leta nayo yahamagariye abaturage gufata intwaro zose gakondo babonye, no gufatanya n’Abanyekongo ba nyabo guhangana n’umwanzi w’igihugu ni ukuvuga « Empire Hima-Tutsi-Banyamulenge » nk’uko
byavuzwe na Perezida Laurent Désiré Kabila ubwe. Amoko yose y’Abanyekongo yigishijwe ko abo batutsi, abo banyarwanda, bashaka kubambura igihugu cyabo nk’uko bacyambuye abahutu bo mu Rwanda kandi ko bashaka gushinga ingoma ngari (empire) izava Uganda-Rwanda
Burundi- na Kongo aho bazica bagakiza kandi bagahindura andi moko abagaragau n’abacakara babo. Urwango banzwe rwabaye rwinshi cyane.
Haje kwiyongeraho ko hari abahutu bahunze u Rwanda muri 1994 banze gutahuka iwabo kubera urwango banga FPR nkotanyi yari imaze kubasenyeraho inkambi, gucyura ku ngufu benshi no gutsinda mu mashyamba ya kongo abatagira ingano. Abo bahutu harilo abahoze mu ngabo z’u Rwanda FAR (Forces Armées Rwandaise) batsinzwe n’iza Kagame, harimo kandi abari bakoze ubwicanyi mu Rwanda bwaje kwitwa jenoside yakorewe abatutsi, bafatanyije n’andi moko kwanga Abanyamulenge n’Abatutsi muri rusange. Nanone Kongo yari ishyigikiwe muri byose na za Leta z’ibihugu bya Afurika yo hepfo byo mu muryango wa SADC (harimo Angola, Zimbabwe, Afurika y’Epfo na Malawi) kandi byamuhaye ingabo, amafaranga n’ibikoresho byo guhangana n’abo banzi bashya.
Mzee Laurent Désiré Kabila yicwa, asimburwa n’umuhungu we Joseph Kabila Kabange, Abanyamulenge bakomeza intambara yo gukuraho na Kabila muto
Mzee Laurent Désiré Kabila yaje kwicwa n’umwe mu bamurindaga, asimburwa n’uwiswe umuhungu we Joseph Kabila Kabange. Kabila muto yahise akomeza urugamba rwa se, arwanya umwanzi ashishikaye, maze Abanyamulenge babura byose (bisanga nta gihugu bafite). Ikibazo cyabo cyari gisubiye ibubisi. U Rwanda rwavuze ko abo ari AbanyeKongo barwanira uburenganzira bwabo ko atari Abanyarwanda. Kongo nayo ikerekana ko Abanyamulenge n’Abatutsi (aba bo muri Nord Kivu) atari Abanyekongo kuko iyo baba bo ntibari gufatanya ubugira kabiri, gatatu n’abanzi b’igihugu cyabo cyabahaye byose.
Amoko yandi yo muri Kongo yarushijeho gusobanukirwa ikibazo, maze yose hamwe yamaganya Abanyamulenge avuga ko nta butaka bagira muri Kongo, nta gakondo ko baje nk’abimukira ariko bakanga kwemera kuba abanyagihugu byuzuye nk’andi moko, bakaguma kwizirika ku bututsi
bwabo n’ubunyarwanda bwabo kandi bakiyumvamo isumbwe ry’ubwoko
kugeza ubwo bashaka gutegeka andi moko yose.
Abanyamulenge baba inyeshyamba za RCD-Goma na CNDP baba inyeshyamba mu gihugu cyabo
Intambara ya II ya Kongo yarabananiye. Uruhande rwa Leta rwabarushije ingufu kubera ko narwo rwari rufite abarushyigikiye. Nanone abaturage ba Kongo bose bari inyuma ya Leta yabo. N’ubwo batsinzwe
iyo ntambara ya II ya Kongo ariko, ntibanyuzwe. Ni ubwoko butarambirwa, budatsindwa butababarira kandi butibagirwa.
Muri make, amoko yose afite inkomoko mu Rwanda, kandi ahuriye ku muryango mugari w’abatutsi. Gusa Abanyamulenge ntibatinze kubona ko bari kugirwa ibikoresho n’abandi bantu, maze bacika intege basesa uwo mutwe. RCD-Goma yarasenyutse ndetse Jenerali Masunzu ubwe yemera gahunda ya Leta yo kujya mu bigo byabugenewe, abadashaka kujya mu ngabo z’igihugu bagasubizwa mu buzima busanzwe, abashaka kwinjira igisirikare cya Leta bakavanga ingabo na Leta. Abanyamulenge bakomeye
kandi bajijutse bemeye kuyoboka Leta kandi bashyirwa mu myanya y’ubutegesi, twavuga nka Azarias Ruberwa, Moïse Nyarugabo,Bisengimana, n’abandi.
Mu mwaka wa 2004, nyuma y’uko RCD/Goma ya Jenerali Masunzu na Koloneli Mutebutsi ibivuyemo ikisangira Leta, ntibyashimishije ababafashaga n’abari babari inyuma nk’u Rwanda na Uganda, haremwe undi mutwe mushya wiswe CNDP bivuga ngo le Congrès national pour la défense du peuple (Inama y’Igihugu yo kurinda abaturage). Mu rwego rwo kwerekana ko CNDP ishyigikiwe n’Abanyamulenge, yavukiye mu ntara ya Kivu y’Epfo ibona kwagukira mu ntara ya Kivu ya Ruguru. Yahawe umusirikare wo ku rwego rwa Jenerali wahuse ava mu ngabo z’igihugu cya Kongo, azana n’abandi, uwo yitwa Laurent Nkunda, nawe wari wararambitse hasi intwaro (akiri muri RCD Goma) akinjira igisirikare cya Leta ya Kongo FARDC (Forces Armées de la République democratique du Congo).
Leta ya Kinshasa yari iyobowe na perezida mushya Joseph Kabila yahise irega u Rwanda ku mugaragaro, ko ari rwo rwashinze kandi ruri inyuma y’uwo mutwe mushya. Ndetse muri 2008 Leta ya Kinshasa yavuze
ko u Rwanda rudashyigikiye gusa uwo mutwe ahubwo ko ari uwarwo, kandi ko rwanohereje ingabo muri uwo mutwe mu rwego rwo gukomeza ya ntambara yo gushinga ubwami ugari bwa Gitutsi mu Karere k’Ibiyaga bigari.
Nyuma y’uko kongera gufata Kongo yose binaniranye ubugira kenshi, hatangiye kuvugwa umugambi (Plan B) wo gucamo Kongo ibihugu byinshi byigenga mu rwego rwo kuyica intege no kwigarurira umutungo kamere wayo, mu gifaransa uwo mugambi bawita «la balkanisation ». Iri
jambo ryagiye risubirwamo kenshi kandi rikomekwa ku mitwe y’Abanyamulenge bongeye kwitwa bindi bushya « Abanyarwanda » kubera imyitwarire yabo yo kurwanya Kongo bita igihugu cyabo mu
nyungu z’u Rwanda igihugu abenshi muri bo bakomokamo.
Kugira ngo Kongo ishimishe u Rwanda ruyobowe na Paul Kagame wenda ruhagarike ibyo kuyisogotesha Abanyamulenge n’Abatutsi bo muri Kongo, abakuru b’ibihugu bombi (Paul Kagame w’u Rwanda na Joseph Kabila wa Kongo) bemeranyije ko ingabo z’u Rwanda n’ia Kongo bifatanya guhiga no kurandura umutwe w’abahutu urwanya Leta y’u Rwanda witwa FDLR (bivuga Forces démocratiques de libération du
Rwanda). Icyo gihe u Rwanda narwo rwemeye kuva inyuma y’Abanyamulenge no gushyigikira amahoro. Ibyo bikorwa bya gisirkare byarabaye, FDLR irahashywa, na CNDP icibwa intege. Ni muri icyo gihe,
muri 2008 Jenerali Laurent Nkunda yafashwe n’u Rwanda ajyanwa i Kigali aho bivugwa ko afungiye. Leta ya Kinshasa yabasbye ko yoherezwa i Kinshasa akaryozwa ibikorwa bye bibi, Leta ya Kigali iramwimana, byongera kubyutsa uburakari bw’andi moko yo muri Kongo na Leta yaho. Ibya CNDP byarangiriye aho.
Abanyamulenge baba inyeshyamba za M23, bakongera kurwanya igihugu cyabo
CNDP ya Laurent Nkunda yarazutse iza yitwa M23. Hari mu mwaka wa 2009.Abandi basirikare nabo bari bari mu ngabo za Leta nanone bazivuyemo biruka baza muri uyu mutwe w’ubwoko bwabo, bafata
intwaro bongera gutera igihugu bavuga ko ari icyabo, ariko ko nta burenganzira busesuye bagifitemo nk’andi moko.
Mu Rwanda hari impunzi z’Abanyamulenge zahageze mu ntambara ya I ya Kongo, aba ba M23 bavuga ko barwanira gutahukana abaturage babo muri gakondo yabo. Kubera ko CNDP yari yabanje gushyikirana na Kongo bakagira ibyo bemeranya ku itariki ya 23 mars (werurwe) 2009, aba ba CNDP bakoze uyu mutwe mushya bawita M23 bivuga “mouvement du 23 mars”. Ayo masezernao yavugaga ko bazinjizwa mu ngabo nshya z’igihugu ariko ntibatatanywe, ahubwo umutwe wabo ukaba nka Brigade yihariye izarinda uburasirazuba bwa Kongo bwose ahaba ubwoko bwabo, inzuri zabo, ababyeyi babo, inka zabo, n’umutungo kamere mwinshi wiganjemo amabuye y’agaciro n’imbaho nziza cyane. Ibyo basabaga byari nko gushinga igisirikare cy’ubwoko mu ngabpo za Leta no gucamo igice igihugu. Leta ntiyabyemeye neza, ntabyo yakoze. Izi nyeshyamba nshya za M23 zifashijwe n’u Rwanda zarwanye umuhenerezo maze amaherezo zifata umurwa mukuru w’intara ya Kivu ya Ruguru, Goma, mu kwezi k’Ugushyingo n’Ukuboza ariko iminsi mike cyane. Amahanga yose yamaganye M23 kandi ategeka ko zibwiriza zikava
muri Goma nta bigombye gusabwa. Ingabo za Leta ya Kongo hamwe n’umutwe w’ingabo z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye zikorera muri Kongo MONUSCO kongeraho umutwe udasanzwe (Brigade) w’ingabo za
Tanzaniya na Afurika y’Epfo byateguranye igitero simusiga maze zikurikirana izo nyeshyamba zirazitsinda zirazitsinsura ku buryo muri 2013 nta n’umwe wari ukorangwa ku butaka bwa Kongo.
Bari bamaze amezi 18 babica bigacika muri ako Karere ka Kivu y’amajyaruguru. Abarokotse bahungiye mu Rwanda no muri Uganda ibihugu n’ubundi byabahaga indaro (bases arrières) maze basubira kuganira na Kongo Kinshasa nta gitutu. Hagati aho Abanyekongo bandi bahuriza ku mwanzuro w’uko ubwoko
bw’Abanyamulenge (ndetse banongeraho andi moko y’abatutsi bavuga ko avuga Ikinyarwanda yo mu ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru) budashobora kwiyita Abanyekongo urebye ayo Mateka yose. Urwango banyekongo banga Abanyamulenge n’Abatutsi bo muri Kongo rwariyongereye, barwongera ku rwango banga u Rwanda n’Abanyarwanda aho bava bakagera, cyane cyane abo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi bari ku butegetsi mu Rwanda bababuza amahoro kuva muri 1996. Icyakora Leta yo yemera ko
bamwe mu Banyamulenge n’Abatutsi ari Abanyekongo koko nk’uko Amategeko abiteganya.
Ya mishyikirano ya nyuma y’intambara yo muri 2013 yagenze biguru ntege. Kongo yarushijeho kurinda umutekano wayo. Ibihugu byasahuriraga mu nduru amabuye y’agaciro binyuze muri iyo
mitwe bitangira kugorwa. Byarigaragazaga ko bizongera gukanda buto bikazura M23.
M23 izuka- Urwango abanyekongo banga Abatutsi bo muri Kongo n’Abanyamulenge rwiyongera
Mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2013, M23 yatsinzwe hamwe na Leta ya Kinshasa yari iyobowe na perezida Joseph Kabila yayitsinze bahuriye i Nairobi muri Kenya mu masezerano y’amahoro, bagira ibyo bemeranya, banabishyiraho umukono. Mu byo bumvikanye harimo ko noneho inyeshyamba z’Abanyamulenge n’abandi batutsi b’Abanyekongo bifuza kugaruka muri gakondo yabo, abahoze ari inyeshyamba bagasubizwa mu buzima busanzwe, ababishaka bakibikunze bakinjizwa mu ngabo za Leta ariko ibyo kubaha ibice by’igihugu bazakoreramo bikavamo. Barabyemeranyije ariko nanone ntibyashyirwa mu bikorwa.
Abanyepolitike bo muri Kongo bavugaga ko bitazoroha gutandukanya umunyarwanda nyamunyarwanda n’umunyarwanda w’umunyekongo nk’uko babita. Batangiye kwanga iyo gahunda bavuga ko u Rwanda
ruzayitwikira rukagaruka mu ngabo z’igihugu cya Kongo rugamije imigambi mibi no kubiba ubugambanyi mu ngabo z’igihugu nka mbere muri za RCD Goma, CNDP, na M23.
Mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2018, Kongo yagize perezida mushya, Bwana Felix-Antoine Tshisekedi wahise avugana n’ibihugu byahoze bishyigikiye Abanyamulenge n’Abatutsi bo muri Kongo mu ntambara zose bagabye ku gihugu cyabo. U Rwanda Uganda na Kongo byemeranyije gufatanya muri byose no kutongera kubuzanya amahoro ahubwo bagafatanya ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi, ibikorwa remezo n’iby’iterambere. Habayeho agahenge kandi bisa nk’aho iyo dipolomasiya yagenze neza. Ariko nabyo ntibyamaze kabiri. M23 yongeye kuzuka bundi bushya vuba aha, maze mu Kuboza 2021 yongera gutera igihugu yita icyabo noneho iza ifite ingufu zidasanzwe, intwaro zidasanzwe kandi zigezweho,
n’ingabo nyinshi. Ubu twandika iki gitabo teritwari ya Rutshuru, n’iya Masisi byamaze gufatwaho M23 ifite ibirindiro bikuru bikomeye mu mugi wa Bunagana. (Ubu mbasomera iki gitabo umugi wa Goma n’uwa Bukavu byarafashwe kandi bisa nk’aho bimaze kumenyerwa)
Ng’ayo Amateka y’ubwoko bw’Abanyamulenge (bo mu ntara ya Kivu y’amajyepfo) inkomoko yabo, aho batandukaniye n’andi moko batuyemo, uko ubwo bwoko bushya bwagiye bwitwara ku gihugu cyabahaye
ubwenegihugu, hamwe n’imvo n’imvano y’urwango, itotezwa n’irimburwa bakorerwa n’andi moko batuyemo bo n’ubundi bwoko bwo bwitwa abatutsi bo muri Repubulika iharanira demukarasi ya Kongo
biganje mu ntara ya Kivu y’amajyaruguru.
Ubutaha,niba mubyifuza,nzabagezaho ubushakashatsi nakoze nanditse mu gitabo UTABA AMATEKA NTABONA ITAKA ku kibazo kigira kiti “ESE KOKO HARI IGIHE U RWANDA RWA GASABO RWIGEZE KWIGARURIRA INTARA YA KIVU Y’AMAJYARUGURU MURI KONGO“? Birabashishikaje?
Soma nanone: Hasohotse Igitabo “UTABA AMATEKA NTABONA ITAKA”! Dore umusogongero wacyo n’uko wagitumiza.
Iyi si,
Umwanditsi:HAKIZIMANA Maurice
II Kunkurikira kuri Youtube: https://youtu.be/M7ID75OSynE?si=qqx0h9czwcyWUkDd II Kunkurikira kuri shene ya Whatsapp: Whatsapp https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaCyM5ILdQejDYwQ2b2u II Kunkurikira kuri paji ya facebook: https://www.facebook.com/professormaurice/.
Profeseri Hakizimana Maurice ni umwarimu w’umwuga ufite impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza mu burezi yakuye muri Université Catholique de Paris no mu bumenyamuntu yakuye muri Sorbonne Université. Afite kandi impamyabushobozi (titre professionnel) mu by’ubukerarugendo n’icungamutungo yahawe na Ministère du Travail et des Solidarités/Région Parisienne.Ni umwarimu akaba n’umukozi wa Cité internationale universitaire de Paris.
Profeseri Hakizimana Maurice ni umwanditsi w’igitabo “UTABA AMATEKA NTABONA ITAKA” Editions Scribes/ Ugikeneye wagitumiza kuri email: m.hakizimana@isfec-idf.net
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