Mwalimu :HAKIZIMANA Maurice
Amateka y’u Rwanda atangira ryari? Iyo ubajije iki kibazo,abenshi mu bakiri bato bakubwira bihuse cyane bati “muri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994”. Abakuze bakubwira ko Amateka atangirana na “Revolisiyo y’i 59” nayo itavugwaho rumwe hamwe n’ubwicanyi bwayikurikiye. Ni bake cyane hafi ya ntabo bashobora kumanuka ho indi myaka 100,400 cyangwa 1000 mbere y’umwaka wa 1994 cyangwa wa 1959.
Iki gitabo gishya cyasohotse mu rurimi gakondo rwa ba sogokuruza gihera Amateka y’igihugu cyaje kuba u Rwanda ku iremwa ryarwo,mu myaka 1000 mbere y’ivuka rya Yezu kugeza ubu mu mwaka wa 2026. Nta kindi gitabo kibaho cyakusanyirije hamwe Amateka Yacu Yose mu mutumba umwe. Reka tuvuge muri make ibigikubiyemo n’uburyo bwo kukigura.
(I) Igitabo “UTABA AMATEKA NTABONA ITAKA” gikubiyemo iki?
UTABA AMATEKA NTABONA ITAKA ni igitabo gisesengura byimbitse inkomoko y’igihugu cyaje kwitwa u Rwanda hanyuma n’iy’abagituye, kigacukumbura Amateka y’amoko, imiryango n’imitegekere byagiye bigena imibereho y’Abanyarwanda kuva ku iremwa kugeza magingo aya.Gishingiye ku bushakashatsi bwa gihanga, ku buvanganzo bwa kera, no ku nyandiko z’abanyamateka batandukanye.
Umwanditsi mwalimu Maurice Hakizimana aratanga ishusho idahengamye ku mvo n’imvano y’urwango, inzika n’inzigo byagiye biranga Amateka y’u Rwanda.Si igitabo cy’amarangamutima cyangwa icengezamatwara; ni igitabo gitumira umusomyi gutekereza, gusobanukirwa no kwisubiraho.
Ni urugendo rwo kumenya ukuri ku Mateka, gisenya ibinyoma byagiye byitirirwa Amateka ashingiye gusa mu migani mihimbano. Iki si igitabo cyo guca urubanza,ni igitabo cyo gucana itara.Ni ijwi rihamagarira umusomyi kureba inyuma adatinya, kugira ngo abashe kureba imbere adahubuka.
Muri make, iki gitabo kirabasangiza Amateka arambuye y’ibyabaye mu gihugu cyaje kuba u Rwanda hanyuma, ibyabaye mu Rwanda kuva ku ngoma z’Abahinza, iz’Abanyiginya n’Abega, mu bihe by’Ubukoloni bw’Abadage n’indagizo y’Ababiligi, muri Revolisiyo y’i 59, muri Repubulika ya I n’iya II ndetse n’ibyabaye vuba aha kuva ku ya 1 Ukwakira 1990 kugeza uyu munsi.
Muri uyu mutwe umwanditsi asobanura icyo ubwoko ari cyo mu rurimi ubu rwitwa Ikinyarwanda, uko igihugu ubu cyitwa u Rwanda cyagiye giturwa,uko ubwoko bwafatwaga mbere y’umwaduko w’abazungu,aho inyito hutu tutsi na twa zishobora kuba zarakomotse,ukuri n’ikinyoma ku mvugo ivuga ko umuntu yashoboraga kuva mu bwoko bumwe akajya mu bundi,n’ibindi.
Muri uyu mutwe umwanditsi asobanura uburyo Amateka y’u Rwanda avugwa n’abazungu,asobanura aho abasangwabutaka cyangwa abatwa bavuye,isano bafitanye n’abatwa bo muri Afurika yose,anasubiza ikibazo kigira kiti “Ese koko abatwa nabo ni bene Kanyarwanda ? Si ibyo gusa kuko ni naho iki gitabo kivuga iby’abasekuruza b’abahinzi cyangwa abakondashyamba (abahutu) ,ubwami bw’abahinza, inkomoko yabo,uko bahanze igihugu bakonda ishyamba,ururimi bashobora kuba baravugaga,n’isano ururimi rwabo rufitanye n’izindi ndimi zo mu muryango mugari wabo muri Afurika Yose.
Muri uyu mutwe iki gitabo gisobanura iby’umuryango wa gatatu watuye ahaje kwitwa Rwanda,bakaba bari abashumba b’inka zabo zidasanzwe. Iki gitabo kinasenya igitekerezo cy’ibimanuka,inkuru mpimbano ikunzwe gufatwa nk’ukuri kw’impamo. Ikindi gitekerezo iki gitabo kigarukaho ni iby’inkuru ya Gahutu Gatwa na Gatutsi umugani wakunzwe gucibwa kenshi humvikanishwa ko abahutu abatwa n’abatutsi bose bahuje umusekuruza umwe. Ni iki abahanga b’abanyamateka banditse ku batunzi (abatutsi), kuki biswe “abazungu birabura“. Iki gitabo cyibanda cyane cyane ku byanditswe n’abanyamateka badafite aho babogamiye. Izina u Rwanda riva he? Andi Mateka iki gitabo kigarukaho ni avuga k’uwitwa “Gihanga Ngomijana wahanze inka n’ingoma“. Uyu Gihanga aturuka he? Ni mwene nde? Ese koko yahanze inka? Yahanze ingoma ate? Ikindi kinyoma kivugwa ku ngoma z’abami biyise ibimanuka, ni icyo “kuvukana imbuto“. Byaturutse he? Ni bande mu by’ukuri batangije ibyo kuvukana imbuto?
Muri uyu mutwe iki gitabo gisobanura iby’ingoma z’abahinzi n’abahinza babo, Amateka yabo, mbere y’uko barimburwa n’abitwa “Abanyarwanda”. Kinasobanura icyo “u Rwanda rwa Gasabo” ari cyo, n’Amateka y’ingoma za cyami mu bwami bw’Abanyiginya n’Abega.
Muri uyu mutwe iki gitabo gisobanura Itandukaniro ry’imico n’imiterere y’aya moko atatu atuye ahasigaye hitwa u Rwanda. Iki gitabo gihera ku batwa (Abasangwabutaka, cyangwa abo ab’ubu bita Abasigajwe inyuma n’Amateka)- “ubwoko” bwiza bunyuzwe kandi bushimishije. Babaho gute? Kuki ubu biswe “Abasigajwe inyuma n’Amateka”? Mu Mateka yabo kandi harimo icyogere Busyete wanditse Amateka. Yari muntu ki? Muri uyu mutwe iki gitabo gisobanura imico n’imiterere y’abaje kwitwa “abahutu” (cyangwa abahinzi, abakondashyamba) uko babanaga n’abatwa,uko babaniraga abatunzi,impamvu batakundaga intambara,ibyo bakundaga gukora,imbyino n’injyana byabo,imiturire yabo n’amazina yabo.
Muri uyu mutwe kandi iki gitabo gisobanura imico n’imiterere by’umuryango mugari w’abatunzi b’inka cyangwa se abatutsi, imvugo ngo “ubwoko busangiye amaraso budasangiye amata“,agaciro k’inka mu muryango wabo,umwuga wabo, imirire yabo,uko babaniye bagenzi babo ababumbyi n’abahinzi,umuco n’ubwenge, amazina y’inka,amazina yabo ubwabo,n’ibindi.
Iki gitabo gisoza iki gice cyerekana ko ubu mu Rwanda rw’ubu, amoko yivanze ku rugero rwo hejuru, bigakora ubundi bwoko bushya aho asubiza iki kibazo “Bishoboka gute ko abahutu, abatwa, n’abatutsi bahurira ku moko (clans) amwe “?
Muri uyu mutwe kandi iki gitabo gifata umwanya uhagije wo kwerekana ibihugu cy’Abahinza n’uko byagiye bisenywa kimwe kimwe n’Ingoma z’abo mu nzu y’Abanyiginya kuva mu mwaka w’1091 kugeza muri 1510. Hano harimo Amateka ya Gihanga wa I Ngomijana : 1091-1124.Kanyarwanda I Gahima I : 1124 – 1157. 134Yuhi I Musindi : 1157 – 1180.Ndahiro I Ruyange :1180 – 1213. Ndoba :1213 – 1246. Samembe : 1246 – 1279. Nsoro I Muhigi-Samukondo :1279 – 1312. Ruganzu I Bwimba : 1312 – 1345,Cyirima I Rugwe1345 – 1378, Kigeli I Mukobanya : 1378 – 1411,Mibambwe I Sekarongoro I Mutabazi I ,Yuhi II Gahima II : 1444 – 1477.
Muri uyu mutwe kandi iki gitabo gifata undi mwanya uhagije wo kwerekana za ngoma z’Abahinza kuva ku ntangiriro. Aha ni naho amaraso yatoheje ubutaka bw’igihugu cyangwa ibihugu byaje kuba u Rwanda yatangiye kumeneka kuva ubwo kugeza ubu.
Hano uzasangamo Amateka ndetse n’Urutonde rw’ibihugu by’Abahinza b’abanyarwanda: Igihugu cy’u Bungwe;Igihugu cy’ u Budaha n’icy’u Bwishaza,Igihugu cy’u Bunyambiriri,Igihugu cya Bukunzi,Igihugu cya Busozo;Igihugu cy’u Buliza,Igihugu cy’u Bwanacyambwe,Igihugu cy’u Bugesera,Igihugu cy’u Bushiru,Igihugu cy’u Bugamba kiyunze n’icya Kigamba;Igihugu cya Gisaka,Igihugu cy’u Bugara,Igihugu cya Nduga,Igihugu cya Bwanamwali,Igihugu cy’u Buhoma;Igihugu cy’u Bukonya,Igihugu cya Rwankeli y’Abalindi, Igihugu cya Rwankeli y’Abaguyane,Igihugu cy’ u Bugoyi,Igihugu cy’ u Burera;Igihugu cya Kingogo,Igihugu cy’u Bunyanyabungo,Igihugu cy’u Buhunde,Igihugu cy’Idjwi,Igihugu cya Ankole (nticyari icy’Abahinza);Igihugu cy’u Rweya,Igihugu cya Ndorwa,Igihugu cya Kibali,Igihugu cya Gasabo.
Muri uyu mutwe, igitabo “Utaba Amateka Ntabona Itaka” gisobanura ya myaka isaga 400 y’ubwami bw’ingoma ya cyami abandi bita iya gihake, itsembatsembatsembwa ry’Abahinza bari basigaye cyangwa bashibutse ku batsembwe,n’abami b’abatutsi bo mu muryango w’Abanyiginya batwaje igitugu kitagira izina rubanda. Abo bami ni Ruganzu II Ndoli: 1510 – 1543.,Mutara I Nsoro II Semugeshi: 1543-1576., Kigeli II Nyamuheshera : 1576- 1609,Mibambwe II Sekarongoro II Gisanura: 1609 – 642 ,Yuhi III Mazimpaka : 1642– 1675. Cyilima II Rujugira: 1675 – 1708.,Kigeli III Ndabarasa: 1708 – 1741.,Mibambwe III Mutabazi II Sentabyo : 1741- 1746 ,Yuhi IV Gahindiro : 1746 – 1802.,Mutara II Rwogera : 1802 – 1852. na Kigeli IV Rwabugili : 1852 – 1894.
Aba ni bo baguye u Rwanda rwabo ariko ahahoze ibihugu by’Abahinza haba imiborogo ihoraho yanahinduye imico, imibanire, imitekerereze n’imibereho bya rubanda rwa giseseka rwari rugizwe ahanini n’abahinzi n’ababumbyi.
Muri uyu mutwe,umwanditsi mwalimu Maurice Hakizimana afata umwanya uhagije mu gitabo cye akibaza kandi agasubiza iki kibazo: Ese koko hari igihe “u Rwanda rwa Gasabo” rwigeze kwigarurira no kwiyomekaho bya nyabyo intara ya Kivu y’amajyaruguru yo muri Kongo y’ubu? nk’uko bikunze kuvugwa na bamwe bemeza ko hari mu Rwanda? Aha yibanda cyane cyane ku bitero bya Kigeri IV Rwabugiri (1867-1895) wanakandagije ikirenge muri Bwisha-Ngari,muri Masisi,no ku Idjwi. Ndetse waniciyeyo.
Muri uyu mutwe kandi niho umwanditsi mwalimu Maurice Hakizimana afata umwanya uhagije mu gitabo cye akavuga amavu n’amavuko y’Abanyamulenge: Ese koko ni abanyarwanda? Niba ari Abanyarwanda se, ni gute bambutse Rusizi bagatura Bwegera? Bageze gute ahitwa i Mulenge.? Anasobanura impamvu zatumye hari abanyarwanda benshi ikivunge bagiye kuba abimukira muri Kongo harimo intambara, “inzara y’intofanyi”,intambara yo ku Rucunchu, abahunze umusoro w’inka, n’ahanyuma: abahunze Revolisiyo y’i 59 mu Rwanda. Iki gitabo kibiva mu mizi.
Abanyamulenge batangiye kwangwa n’abanyekongo ryari? Aha niho hari Amateka y’ Inama ya Berlin yigabanyaji Afurika, hashyirwaho imipaka, Abanyarwanda bo muri Kongo bagahamayo,Amateka y’urwango hagati y’ Abanyamulenge n’amoko y’Ababembe n’Abafulilo intambara ya Mulele. Abanyamulenge mu ntambara ya Schramme (Shikaramu),Abanyamulenge bakundwa bagakundwakazwa na perezida Mobutu – bahabwa ubwenegihugu bwa Kongo bose. Uko baje kwiyita Abanyamulenge, uko bagiriwe inama yo kubyara cyane bakororoka, uko Abanyamulenge binjiye muri FPR-Inkotanyi yatangije intambara ku Rwanda no mu Karere, uko bakundwakajwe na Mobutu Sese Seko,uko Abanyamulenge bateye Zayire, bajya gukuraho Mobutu Sese Seko. kuva ubwo kugeza ubu uko Abanyamulenge bagiye bakoreshwa mu gutera Kongo bakuraho Mzee Laurent Desiré Kabila, uko Abanyamulenge bakomeza intambara yo gukuraho na Kabila muto ndetse na Felix Tshisekedi wasimbuye ba Kabila.
Muri uyu mutwe umwanditsi akomereza umurongo w’ibihe ku byabaye kuva muri 1894 ku ngoma ya Kigeli IV Rwabugili : 1852 – 1894, no ku maraso yamenetse mu cyiswe “intambara yo ku Rucunshu“. Ni iki cyabaye imbarutso y’intambara yo ku Rucunshu hagati y’abasangiye amaraso ? Aha havugwamo ibya Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa,ibya Yuhi V Musinga wimye mu maraso menshi hagati y’umwaka wa 1896 – 1931,uko yakiriye Umwaduko w’abazungu– uko habayeho ingoma ebyiri zibangikanye,byose kuri Musinga: Umwami Yuhi V Musinga avuma abana be,Imyitwarire y’abatware ba Musinga,Yuhi V Musinga acibwa ku Ngoma, atabwa inyuma y’ishyamba (rya Nyungwe) n’Ishyanga (i Kongo) muri 1931 n’ibindi.
Muri uyu mutwe umwanditsi akomereza umurongo w’ibihe ku byabaye kuva Musinga uwo yirukanywe ku ngoma, uko yasimbujwe umwana we bwite Mutara wa II Rudahigwa,uko uyu nawe yananiwe gusoma umurongo w’ibihe,ubwami bugatangira guta agaciro muri rubanda, uko yabanye n’Ababiligi, na Kiliziya. Byose kuri Mutara III Rudahigwa: 1931-1959 :wagejeje u Rwanda kuri Revolisiyo y’i 59; uko ingoma ya cyami (abandi bitaga iya gihake) yarundutse; uko yapfuye amarabira,uko yasimbujwe mu buryo budasanzwe uwitwa Kigeli V Ndahindurwa (1959 – 1961) ari nawe wabaye umwami wa nyuma w’ubwoko bw’Abanyarwanda. Byose kuri Kigeli V Ndahindurwa.
Muri uyu mutwe iki gitabo gikomereza umurongo w’ibihe ku byatumye ingoma za cyami z’Abanyarwanda zidakundwa na rubanda rwa giseseka: niho uzasoma ibyitwaga “ubuhake“: ubuhake ni iki? Ni izihe ngaruka z’ubuhake ku bantu ku giti cyabo?Ku buzima n’imibereho mbonezamubano by’igihugu?Ku mitegekere y’ingoma ya cyami ? Aha ni naho uzasoma ibyo ujya wumva bamwe bavuga ngo amoko ya hutu,twa, na tutsi yari inzego z’imibereho. Uzamenya uburyo ingoma ya gihake yahinduye amoko mo inzego z’imibereho, twakwita nanone ibyiciro by’ubudehe.Nanone uzamenya iby’ubugaragu n’ubuhake bamwe bihitiragamo, utandukanye ubuhake,ubugaragu, n’uburetwa.
Ni muri uyu mutwe uzasobanukirwa uko Abazungu bageze aho noneho bakazana ibyiswe uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu bigashyira igitutu kuri Rudahigwa akazana amavugurura : Uzasoma Iteka ry’ibwami rigena kontaro hagati y’umugaragu na shebuja,uko yahatiwe guca iteka rishyiraho amasezerano y’ubuhake yanditse,yaganishaga ku zaca ubuhake burundu. Tuzasuzuma n’ikibazo kigira kiti “Ese aya mavugurura agira umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa intwari?”.
Muri uyu mutwe umwanditsi agaruka inyuma gato mbere yo gukomeza akabanza kwibutsa umusomyi bimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi byaranze Amateka y’ibihugu byabanjirije ingoma z’Abanyiginya, uko izo ngoma zagutse,uko zatangiye umugambi muremure wo gutegekesha igitsure cyinshi ingoyi no kugenda bacinyiza rubanda: harimo nk’igice kigira kiti “Urugero rumwe rugaragaraza uko ubucakara bwari bushaririye igice kinini cy’abaturarwanda“, n’ikigira kiti “Intwaro enye zakoreshejwe mu gutindahaza no kwica urubozo abahinzi n’ababumbyi (cyangwa abahutu n’abatwa) ku ngoma ya cyami” hamwe n’ikigira kiti “Inzego enye z’imibereho abaturage bose bisanzemo“.
Ni muri uri uyu mutwe kandi umwanditsi agaruka inyuma gato nanone akavuga birambuye Amateka y’u Rwanda mu gihe cy’ingoma ya gihake n’iya gikolinize (1895-1962) ingoma ebyiri icyarimwe zagize ingaruka ku buzima bw’abaturage. Dore bimwe mu byo uzasobanukirwa muri uyu mutwe : Ingoma ya Gikolonize yongera uburetwa bwayo ku bwo yasanze, abaturage barushaho kuremererwa no gusharirirwa, Uko Abihayimana Gatulika na Porotesitanti bitwaye imbere y’amarira n’ishavu bya rubanda,Ibihe bishya, imitekerereze mishya, Inyandiko y’ “Abagaragu bakuru b’ibwami” yasubije ibintu irudubi, Ingaruka z’iyi barwa y’abagaragu bakuru b’Ibwami mu Mateka y’u Rwanda n’ibindi n’ibindi. Mu Mateka ya vuba,ibyabaye muri iyi myaka ku ngoma za Rudahigwa na Ndahindurwa kongeraho Ababiligi nibyo byashwanyaguje ituze ry’abaturage bose,babe abatwa,abahutu cyangwa abatutsi.
Muri uyu mutwe, umwanditsi akomereza umurongo w’ibihe aho wari wasubikiwe, ku mwami wa nyuma w’u Rwanda rwa Gasabo, ari we Kigeli V Ndahindurwa (1959 – 1961). Ubwami bwamucitse gute? Aha niho uzasoma byose ku byabaye muri Revolisiyo y’itanu n’icyenda, ibyayibanjirije n’ibyayikurikiye. Aha harimo inkuru itari imbarirano y’ibyabaye neza neza tariki ya 1 Ugushyingo 1959: Sushefu Dominiko Mbonyumutwa aratwibwirira uko yakubiswe n’insoresore zishyigikiye ubwami. Aha uzasomamo Revolisiyo y’umuriro n’amaraso: Abahutu bica, batwika, kandi bamenesha abatutsi b’abatware babatwaye imyaka n’imyaniko. Uzasomamo Umwami w’u Rwanda ahirikwa ku butegetsi mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko kuwa 28 Mutarama 1961,LONI ibyamagana. Uzabonamo Kigeli V Ndahindurwa asaba ko habaho itora rya Kamarampaka, ikaba, Repubulika itsinda Kalinga binyuze mu matora. Aha niho uzamenya ibyabaye ku ya 1 Nyakanga 1962 n’uko bwana Grégoire Kayibanda yeruye akinjira mu bya politike. Grégoire Kayibanda aba Minisitiri w’Intebe: u Rwanda ruva mu ngoma ya cyami burundu rwinjira mu mitegekere ya ki Repubulika. Uzamenya ibyayibanjirije: Icyiswe “Manifeste des Bahutu“,unasome impamvu hatasezerewe Ingoma ya gikolonize gusa, hakanasezererwa ingoma ya cyami y’u Rwanda, hamwe n’icyiswe “Indepansansi” Ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda.
Muri uyu mutwe, mbere yo gukomeza,umwanditsi arongera agafata akanya agasubiza amaso inyuma, imyaka mike mbere y’isandara ry’ubwami. Uzasoma igice kigira kiti: Amateka yo kwigobotora Ingoma ya cyami n’iya gikolonize yatangiye mu myaka ya za 1920.Uzasona amazina y’ababigerageje imyaka hafi 40 mbere y’uko bikunda. Uzasomamo igice kivuga impamvu Muri Revolisiyo y’i 59 Ingoma ya Cyami yatakaje byose aho kuguma mu butegetsi busangiwe. Uzasomamo ukuntu Abo ku Ngoma ya Cyami batasomye umurongo w’Ibihe, uko Ingoma ya Cyami yinangiye, uko u Rwanda rwarohamye n’uko Abaharaniraga ko ibintu bihinduka bitwaye muri iyo myaka igoranye.
Igitabo “Utaba Amateka Ntabona Itaka“kigaruka ku mpamvu bamwe bita imbarutso y’iby’i 59: Ese koko gukubitwa kwa Dominique Mbonyumutwa, ni ko kwabaye “imbarutso » ya Revolisiyo ? Ingabo z’umwami zaba zaragize uruhare mu marorerwa y’ubwicanyi bwo muri 1959? Ese koko umwami Kigeli V Ndahindurwa yari imfungwa y’agatsiko gato katifuzaga ko ibintu bihinduka nk’uko byavuzwe? Ese Kigeli V Ndahindurwa yangiwe kugaruka mu gihugu cyangwa yagisohotsemo ahunze ku bwende?
Jean-Baptiste Ndahindurwa muri 1959
Ni muri uyu mutwe muremure uzasomamo iby’itariki 28 Mutarama 1961 :Inama y’i Gitarama, uzamenya Ibirango bya Repubulika, Uruhare rwa Kiliziya mu kibazo cy’u Rwanda: Uzamenya Kabgayi-Umurwa mukuru wa Kiliziya Gatulika mu Rwanda , umenye Musenyeri Léon-Paul Classe yari muntu ki ? Kandi Ingaruka z’ibitekerezo bya Musenyeri Classe ni izihe? Uzasoma igice kivuga ngo Musenyeri André Perraudin yari muntu ki ? N’ikivuga Itandukaniro rya Musenyeri Perraudin na Musenyeri Classe. Umwanditsi w’iki gitabo agereranya abo batware babiri ba Kiliziya Gatulika mu Rwanda maze akora igice kigira kiti “Nta Classe nta Perraudin”. Anavuga imishyikirano yari hagati na Mgr Perraudin na bwana Gregoire Kayibanda.
Uyu mutwe wa 12 ni nawo uvugwamo byose kuri Repubulika ya I (1962-1973):Ibitero by’InYenzi , Amategeko icumi y’Abatabazi ba Lunari, “Inyenzi »,Uko Ibitero by’inyenzi byakurikiranye,Gitera Joseph Habyarimana yari muntu ki?,“Amategeko 10 y’Abahutu”. Uzasomamo Guverinoma ya Kayibanda: Ese ibya Kiga na Nduga byari ikibazo gihimbano cyangwa byari ikibazo nyakuri? Ese Leta ya Gregoire Kayibanda yahezaga ubwoko bumwe bw’Abanyarwanda?.Ese Leta ya Gregoire Kayibanda yitaye ku kibazo cy’impunzi z’abatutsi zayihunze?. Aha uzanasomamo Repubulika ya I itangira kuzamo ibibazo. Itegurwa rya Kudeta 1973, Haduka akaduruvayo kiswe “Muyaga” mu gihugu hose, hashakishwa impamvu yo guhirika ku butegetsi Gregoire Kayibanda.
Uyu mutwe wa 12 ni nawo uvugwamo byose kuri Repubulika ya II (1973-1994): Kudeta yapfubye ya Koloneli Theoneste Lizinde.Ese guverinoma ya Juvénal Habyarimana yitaye ku kibazo cy’impunzi z’abatutsi zari mu mahanga?. Uyu mutwe usoreza ku gice kivuga Amashyaka mashya mu Rwanda rushya.
Muri uyu mutwe umwanditsi w’igitabo “Utaba Amateja Ntabona Itaka” akomereza ku murongo w’ibihe utugeza ku ya 1 z’ukwakira 1990: Igitero cy’inyeshyamba za FPR Inkotanyi ku Rwanda.Harimo n’igice kivuga ku Mishyikirano y’amahoro ya Arusha.Uzanasomamo igice kinini gifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Tariki ya 6 mata 1994 : Iraswa ry’indege yari itwaye perezida Juvenal Habyarimana. Ese niyo mbarutso ya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi?”.
Ni muri uyu mutwe uzasomamo ibice bivuga uko urugamba rw’ingabo z’u Rwanda n’inyeshyamba za FPR inkotanyi rwagenze mu magambo arambuye cyane. Uzanasomamo uko ubwicanyi bwatangiye, unasomemo igice kivuga ngo Kuki Guverinoma y’Abatabazi itatabaye Abatutsi batemagurwaga ? Uzasomamo:Uruhare rwa Jenerali Romeo Dallaire mu ntambara. Harimo kadi igice kigira kiti Jenoside (Itsembabwoko) n’ubundi bwicanyi (Itsembatsemba) byarakomeje, mu gihe intambara nayo yari igikomeza.Uzanamenya Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda w’agateganyo (9 Mata-19 Nyakanga 1994) Dr. Theodore Sindikubwabo ni muntu ki? Uko Ingabo z’abanyamahanga zitahiye, Ingabo za MINUAR zikagabanywa cyane. Havugwamo Amateka ya Operation Champagne, Opération Amaryllis y’Ingabo z’Abafaransa; n’ay’ Urugamba rwa nyuma mu murwa mukuru w’u Rwanda Kigali.
Ni muri uyu mutwe kandi igitabo “Utaba Amateka Ntabona Itaka” cyafashe umwanya uhagije wo kuvuga ku Mateka ya Jenoside “yakorewe abatutsi” mu Rwanda muri 1994. Nyuma ya Jenoside abatutsi bakorewe, iki gitabo kivuga no ku bundi bwicanyi bwakorewe abahutu hirya no hino mu Rwanda. Ni muri uyu mutwe uzasangamo igice cyahariwe Abepiskopi n’abandi bihayimana b’i Gakurazo bishwe ku cyumweru tariki ya 5 Kamena 1994 n’ikindi gice cyahariwe Ubwicanyi mu Nkambi ya Kibeho tariki ya 22 Mata 1995.Harimo ubuhamya nyakuri bw’abari bahibereye.Mu bindi birimo,harimo ibyaha by’ubwicanyi FPR Inkotanyi ikekwaho mbere na nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi, ibyo gusenya inkambi zo muri Zayire n’ikiswe “gutera itabi” Ruhengeri na Gisenyi mu ntambara yiswe iy’abacengezi hamwe n’igice kivuga ku bya Mapping Report : Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Impunzi z’Abahutu muri Kongo bushobora kwitwa “Jenoside”biramutse byemejwe n’inkiko.
Uyu mutwe muremure usozwa n’ibice bivuga Amateka y’ubucamanza bwa nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi, Urubanza rwa Bwana Karamira Frodouard na bagenzi n’ibya TPIR : Urukiko mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda, Arusha muri Tanzaniya.
Muri uyu mutwe usoza igitabo “Utaba Amateka Ntabona Itaka“, Umwanditsi yibanda cyane ku mateka ya vuba aha. Uzasomamo igice kigira kiti Guverinoma yiyise “iy’ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda” ibisikana na “Guverinoma yiyise iy’Abatabazi”. Aha uzasobanukiwa byose ku bategetsi bashya ba nyuma y’intambara na jenoside. Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda Bwana Pasteur Bizimungu ni muntu ki? Jenerali Majoro Paul Kagame, Visi Perezida na perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda ni muntu ki ?
Muri uyu mutwe uzasomamo iby‘Imitegekere mishya muri Repubulika ya III. Uzamenya itandukaniro riri hagati y’ingengabitekerezo ebyiri zayoboye u Rwanda: Iya cyami n’iya rubanda. Harimo kandi Amateka y’Amashyaka menshi muri Repubulika ya III (ku butegetsi bwa FPR). Ni naho uzasobanukirwa ikibazo kigira kiti Kuki Repubulika III yahinduye ibirango by’igihugu?
(II) Uko wabona kopi yawe y’ Igitabo “UTABA AMATEKA NTABONA ITAKA“
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