DR Kongo: Ubwicanyi bw’umutwe wa M23 hafi ya Parike y’igihugu ya Virunga (Raporo yose ya Human Rights Watch)

HAKIZIMANA Maurice

• Raporo: Human Rights Watch
• Aho byavuye: hrw.org/news

Raporo ya Human Rights Watch ku bwicanyi bwa M23 (Kanama 2025)

Umutwe witwaje intwaro ushyigikiwe n’u Rwanda wishe abasivili b’abahinzi barenga 140 mu midugudu 14

Umutwe witwaje intwaro wa M23, ugenzurwa na Leta y’u Rwanda, wishe abantu basivili barenga 140 mu buryo bwo kubarasa cyangwa kubica ku buryo bw’ihutirwa mu kwezi kwa Nyakanga 2025 mu bice nibura 14 n’imidugudu y’ubuhinzi mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo. Abenshi mu bishwe bari Abahutu.

Ubu bwicanyi bigaragara nk’igice cy’ibikorwa bya gisirikare bigamije kurwanya FDLR, umutwe ugizwe n’Abahutu b’Abanyarwanda washinzwe n’abantu barimo bamwe mu bagize uruhare muri Jenoside yo mu 1994 mu Rwanda, ndetse n’indi mitwe yitwaje intwaro ihanganye na M23.

Inama y’Umutekano y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye hamwe na za guverinoma z’isi basabwe gufatira ibihano bishya abashinzwe ibi bikorwa, no kwemeza ko abayobozi ba gisirikare bagize uruhare mu byaha by’intambara bashyikirizwa ubutabera.

(Nairobi) – Nk’uko byatangajwe na Human Rights Watch kuri uyu munsi, M23 yishe abantu basivili barenga 140, hafi ya bose ari Abahutu, hagati ya tariki ya 10 n’iya 30 Nyakanga 2025 hafi ya Pariki y’Igihugu ya Virunga mu burasirazuba bwa Congo. Amakuru yizewe agaragaza ko mu karere ka Rutshuru hishwe abantu barenga 300 guhera muri Nyakanga, ibi bikaba ari bimwe mu byaha bikomeye M23 yakoze kuva yongeye kugaruka mu 2021.

Abatangabuhamya, inzego za gisirikare n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye bemeza ko n’ingabo z’u Rwanda (Rwanda Defence Force, RDF) zari mu bikorwa bya M23 muri ibyo bihe.

Clémentine de Montjoye, umushakashatsi mukuru wa Human Rights Watch mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari yagize ati:

“M23, ishyigikiwe na Leta y’u Rwanda, yateye imidugudu irenga icumi n’ahantu hahingwa mu kwezi kwa Nyakanga, ikora ubwicanyi bukabije bwibasira abasivili benshi b’Abahutu. Nidusubiza amaso inyuma, bigaragara ko bidashobotse ko ibi byaha bihagarara keretse abashinzwe kubikora, kuva ku rwego rwo hejuru kugeza hasi, bakurikiranwe mu butabera kandi bagahanwa.”bakoresheje imbunda n’imihoro.

Ibitero bya gisirikare bya M23 n’ubwicanyi

• Ibikorwa bya gisirikare bya M23 byibasiye cyane imidugudu n’imirima mu karere ka Rutshuru, hafi ya pariki y’Igihugu ya Virunga.
• Abarwanyi ba M23 bakoze ibitero byo gufunga inzira zose kugira ngo abaturage batabasha guhunga. Nyuma ya tariki ya 14 Nyakanga, habayeho ubwicanyi bwa hato na hato muri Nyamilima, aho abantu benshi bishwe mu buryo bwihuse.
• Human Rights Watch yemeje ko M23 yakoresheje imbunda n’imihoro (machettes) mu kwica abasivili, kandi imirambi y’abishwe yarekewe mu mirima indi ijugunywa mu ruzi rwa Rutshuru.

Abatangabuhamya batanze urugero rw’ubwicanyi bwabaye:

• Umuhinzi umwe yatanze ubuhamya ko umugore we n’abana batatu bose bishwe areba.
• Undi yatanze amakuru ko abagize umuryango we batanu biciwe i Katanga, hafi km 12 uvuye Kiseguru.
• Hari umugore wabonye abarwanyi ba M23 bica umugabo we, akabanza agategekwa kwica abana be bari kumwe. Uyu mugore yabashije kubacika asimbukira mu ruzi.
• M23 yagiye ifata abantu bari munsi y’imyaka 45, bakoherezwa mu nzu ziri hafi y’umupaka wa Uganda, aho bamwe bahohoterwaga mbere yo kwicwa cyangwa koherezwa ahandi.
• M23 yashinje abantu batandukanye gukorana n’inyeshyamba za FDLR cyangwa n’ingabo za Congo, nyamara ibimenyetso byerekana ko abenshi muri bo batigeze bagira aho bahurira n’imirwano ya FDLR muri ako karere.

Uruhare rwa RDF -Ingabo z’u Rwanda

• Amakuru yizewe avuga ko ingabo za RDF ziri mu bikorwa bya M23, abantu bazibonye kubera imyambaro n’ururimi bavugaga.
• Ibikorwa bya M23 byagenzurwaga na Colonel Samuel Mushagara na General Baudoin Ngaruye, uyu wa nyuma akaba yarahanwe na ONU ku bw’uruhare rwe mu byaha by’intambara bya M23.
• Leta y’u Rwanda, ifite ubutegetsi mu bice bya M23, ikwiye kwemera ko abashakashatsi mpuzamahanga na ONU bajya gusuzuma ibimenyetso by’ubwicanyi bwakorewe abasivili, kugira ngo habeho ubutabera.
• Abarwanyi ba M23 bashyigikiwe na RDF bagiye bafata ibyemezo bigamije kurwanya FDLR, harimo no guha abaturage amabwiriza yo kuva mu mirima yabo, gukusanya abantu, no kubarasa cyangwa kubatemagura.
• Ibi bikorwa byatumye abasivili benshi b’Abahutu n’abandi batuye muri Rutshuru bahunga, bamwe bakarokoka ubwicanyi, abandi bakishwe cyangwa bakaburirwa irengero.

Amategeko mpuzamahanga n’ibihano

• Abantu bose bagize uruhare mu ntambara mu burasirazuba bwa RDC, harimo imitwe yitwaje intwaro itari iya leta, bagomba kubahiriza amategeko mpuzamahanga y’ingaruka z’intambara. Aya mategeko ahana ibikorwa birimo:
  • Kwica abasivili
  • Guhuriza hamwe cyangwa kwica abantu mu buryo bwihuse
  • Gukoresha ibikorwa by’ihohoterwa cyangwa gukubita
  • Guhungisha abaturage ku ngufu
  • Gusahura no kwangiza umutungo w’abandi
  • N’ubwo ijambo “itsembabwoko” (ethnic cleansing) ritavugwa neza mu mategeko mpuzamahanga, Komisiyo y’inzobere za ONU irisobanura nka:

“Politiki igamije gukura ku ngufu abantu kwica cyangwa gutera ubwoba abaturage bo mu gice runaka cy’akarere bitewe n’ubwoko cyangwa idini yabo.”

• Abantu bakoze ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi n’ihonyora ry’amategeko y’intambara bafite uruhare rw’amategeko mpuzamahanga, kandi abayobozi bazi cyangwa bagombaga kumenya ibyaha bikorwa n’ingabo zabo.Igihe batabihagaritse, bashobora guhanwa mu mategeko kubera inshingano z’ubuyobozi (command responsibility).
• Ibyaha byo mu ntambara n’ibindi byaha bikomeye birakurikiranwa ku rwego rw’isi (universal jurisdiction), bivuze ko ibindi bihugu bishobora gufata ibyemezo byo kubacira urubanza aho ibyaha byaba byarakorewe hose cyangwa abo bireba badafite inkomoko aho byabereye.
• Mu Ukwakira 2024, Perezida wa Cour Pénale Internationale (CPI) yatangaje ko ibikorwa byo gucukumbura ibyaha mu RDC bizongere gukorwa, byibanda ku byabaye muri Nord-Kivu guhera muri Mutarama 2022, harimo ubwicanyi bwa M23 ku basivili n’ibindi bikorwa by’ihonyora bikomeye.

Umusozo n’ibyo bikwiye ku rwego rw’isi

• Ubwicanyi bwa M23, bushyigikiwe na Leta y’u Rwanda, bwerekana itandukaniro hagati y’amagambo y’amasezerano y’amahoro n’ibikorwa bifatika ku basivili.
• Guverinoma zishyira umukono ku masezerano y’amahoro, zigomba gukurikiza amategeko y’intambara, kandi abakoze ibyaha by’intambara bagomba gucibwa urubanza.
• Inama y’Umutekano y’ONU, Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi, hamwe na za guverinoma z’isi, basabwa gukaza ibihano ku bashinzwe ibi byaha, ndetse no gukora ibishoboka byose ngo abayobozi bagize uruhare mu byaha by’intambara bakurwe mu myanya yabo kandi bagashyikirizwa ubutabera.
• Guverinoma zifasha u Rwanda mu bya gisirikare zigomba gusuzuma uko inkunga zabo itazafasha ibikorwa by’ihonyora ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu.
• Ibi byaha byabaye nyuma y’amasezerano y’inzibacyuho hagati ya RDC n’u Rwanda, ashyizweho n’Amerika ku itariki ya 27 Kamena 2025, asaba ko RDC ihagarika ibikorwa bya FDLR kandi irinde abasivili, ikemerera MONUSCO kugenzura umutekano.

Clémentine de Montjoye asozera agira ati:

“Ubwicanyi bwa M23 bushyigikiwe na Leta y’u Rwanda bwerekana ko hari icyuho hagati y’amagambo mpuzamahanga n’ubuzima nyakuri bw’abaturage. Abakoze ibyaha by’intambara bagomba gukurikiranwa kandi bagashyikirizwa ubutabera, nta nkomyi.”

Icyitonderwa: Iyi ni Raporo ya Human Rights Watch uko yakabaye nk’uko yatangajwe ku rubuga rwayo hrw.org/news

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🖋️ Par Mwalimu HAKIZIMANA Maurice
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