Iri joro ryo kuwa gatandatu tariki 28 rishyira ku cyumweru tariki 29 ukwakira 2023 turahindura amasaha,turasubira inyuma ho isaha imwe !

HAKIZIMANA Maurice

Iri joro ryo kuwa gatandatu tariki 28 rishyira ku cyumweru tariki 29 ukwakira 2023 turahindura amasaha,turasubira inyuma ho isaha imwe. Nitugera saa cyenda z’igicuku,turahita dusubiza inshinge z’amasaha yacu saa munani z’igicuku, ni uko twongere twiyorose. Si byiza se?

Uko byatangiye,mu Bufaransa

Guhindura amasaha mu Bufaransa byatangiye ku ncuro ya mbere muri 1916, ni nyuma y’uko bitangijwe mu Bwongereza no mu Budage. Impamvu nta yindi byari ukugira ngo bahangire umuriro. Nyuma, muri 1944, Ubufaransa bwarabiretse. Hanyuma itegeko teka ryo kuwa 14 kanama 1945 riza gushyiraho isaha yemewe mu gihugu cyose hashingiwe ku isaha ngengamasaha ya mbere y’isi (UTC+1).

Bigeze mu mwaka wa 1973-1974 habaye ikibazo gikomeye cy’ ibura cy’ibikomoka kuri peteroli, ni uko mu rwego rwo guhangira ingufu basubizaho iyi gahunda yo guhindura amasaha, ibyo byagaruwe n’itegeko teka ryo kuwa 19 nzeri 1975  rishyiraho isaha y’impeshyi (heure d’été) mu Bufaransa bwo ku mugabane w’i Burayi, mu rwego rwo kurondereza amashanyarazi.

Uti gute rero? Mu mpeshyi, amanywa aba maremare, bigatuma amatara yo ku mihanda no mu migi adacanwa kare ku masaha asanzwe buri mugoroba. Isaha y’impeshyi igenwa n’isaha ngengamasaha ya kabiri y’isi (UTC+2). Ibyo byari agateganyo kubera icyo kibazo (cy’igabanuka ry’ibitanga ingufu z’amashanyarazi/umuyagankuba) none byarahamye kugeza uyu munsi.

Byifashe bite ahandi Iburayi?

Muri za 1980 guhindura isaha mu mpeshyi byaje gukwira mu bihugu byinshi by’iburayi cyane cyane byo mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi (UE). Ubu i Burayi mu Bihugu byose byo mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’uburayi, isaha ihinduka kabiri mu mwaka:

Isaha y’itumba/ubukonje(heure d’hiver) ihindukla buri ku cyumweru cya nyuma cy’ukwakira,naho isaha y’impeshyi/Icyi igahinduka kuri ku cyumweru cya nyuma cya werurwe.

Mbere,buri gihugu cyarimenyaga,bigeze aho mu rwego rwo koroshya ubuhahirane n’ingendo ku mugabane(mu bihugu binyamuryango), bahuza ibihe byo guhinduriraho amasaha. Niba bigushishikaje wareba  Amabwiriza 2000/84/CE y’Inteko ishinga amategeko y’Uburayi hamwe n’andi y’Inama Nkuru yo kuwa 19 mutarama 2001 ashyiraho amategeko agena ibyo guhindura amasaha mu mpeshyi.

Kuva mu mwaka wa 2002, dore uko amasaha ahindurwa mu buryo buhuje mu bihugu byose byo mu Muryango w’Uburayi :

• Guhindura isaha mu mpeshyi(été): ijoro ryo kuwa gatandatu rishyira ku cyumweru (bya nyuma) byo muri Werurwe  ;
• Guhindura isaha mu itumba(hiver): ijoro ryo kuwa gatandatu rishyira ku cyumweru (bya nyuma) byo mu Kwakira

Hano sinabasobanuriye ibyitwa fuseaux horaires(ingenga masaha).Wenda tuzagira igihe cyabyo cyihariye.

Ndabibutsa ko ibihugu byose byo mu Muryango w’Uburayi bidahuza isaha. Byose hamwe,muri iki gihe, bigira ingenga masaha eshatu (trois fuseaux horaires) arizo UTC, UTC+1 na UTC +2:

• Uburayi bw’Iburengerazuba (UTC: isaha ngengamasaha ya 0) : Irlande na Portugal ;
• Uburayi bwo Hagati (UTC+1: isaha ngengamasaha ya 1) : Ubudage, Otirishe, Ububiligi,Korowasiya, Danemark, Esipanye, Ubufaransa, Hongiriya, Ubutaliyani, Lugizamburu, Malte, Ubuholandi, Polonye, Répubulika ya Ceke, Slovakiya, Slovéniya na Suwede ;
• Uburayi bw’Iburasirazuba (UTC+2: Isaha ngengamasaha ya 2) : Bulugariya, Chypre, Estoniya, Finlande, Ubugereki, Lettoniya, Lituaniya na Rumaniya.

Byifashe bite ahandi ku isi?

Ibihugu byinshi byo mu isi yateye imbere nabyo bigira ukuntu bihindura amasaha bitewe n’ibihe (saisons) bigezemo. Ibihugu nka Canada, Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika na Ositaraliya nabyo bihindura amasaha yabyo kuri gahunda,ariko kubera ubunini bwabyo, n’ubundi ntibigira isaha imwe mu ntara no muri za leta zabyo. Buri gace gahindura ukwako. Naho ibihugu byabikoraga nka Arijantine,Tuniziya, Turukiya,Uburusiya,Arumeniya n’ibindi byageze aho bireka iyi gahunda yo guhindura amasaha.

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_{Hakizimana Maurice ni umwarimu w’umwuga (Master MEEF/Sciences de l’Education/Sociologie) Université Catholique de Paris/Sorbonne Université,akaba yigisha mu Bufaransa.Wamukurikira kandi kuri :chaîne  ya Whatsapp, Facebook,Twitter na Instagram}