Liechtenstein: ni “ka paradizo ku isi”?

Umwanditsi: HAKIZIMANA Maurice

Liechtenstein ni igihugu cyo mu misozi miremire y’ibisi bya Alpes giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati, kidakora na gato ku nyanja. Ku ruhande rw’uburengerazuba no mu majyepfo gihana imbibi n’u Busuwisi, naho mu burasirazuba no mu majyaruguru gihana imbibi n’u Butaliyani. Gifite ubuso bwa km² 160, kikagira abaturage bagera ku bihumbi 39 gusa. Umurwa mukuru ni Vaduz, naho agace gatuwe cyane ni Schaan.

“Liechtenstein: ni “ka paradizo ku isi”?”

Ni igihugu gito kiyoborwa mu buryo bwa cyami ivanzemo demukarasi isesuye aho igihugu kigenzurwa n’Inteko ishinga amategeko n’Itegeko nshinga (monarchie constitutionnelle parlementaire).Gifite igikomangoma ari cyo kiri mu mwanya w’Umukuru w’Igihugu. Ubusanzwe iki gihugu cyitwa, mu magambo arambuye Principauté ya Liechtenstein,umukuru w’igihugu ni Prince Hans-Adam II wasimbuye se mu 1989. Kuva mu 2004, umuhungu we Aloïs ni we ukora inshingano zose nk’Umukuru w’Igihugu. Inteko Ishinga Amategeko (yitwa Landtag) igizwe n’abadepite 25 batorwa n’abaturage. Guverinoma igizwe n’abaminisitiri 5 gusa ni yo ifata ibyemezo bya buri munsi.

Nk’uko The World Factbook ibivuga, Liechtenstein ni kimwe mu bihugu bifite umusaruro mwinshi ku muturage (PIB) gifite igipimo cy’ubushomeri gito cyane ku isi hafi ya ntabwo (cyari kuri 1,4% mu Ukuboza 2023), kikaba igihugu gito kandi gikize mu bihugu byose bivuga ikidage.

Igihugu kigizwe na za Komini 11(twagereranya n’Uturere) igabanyije mu ntara 2: Unterland na Oberland. Izo komini ni:

• Balzers
• Eschen
• Gamprin
• Mauren
• Planken
• Ruggell
• Schaan
• Schellenberg
• Triesen
• Triesenberg
• Vaduz

Liechtenstein iri mu misozi ya Alpes, ikagira ibibuga 2 by’imikino yo ku rubura (ski alpin na snowboard) n’ikindi cyo gukina imikino yo mu misozi miremire bita Sports nordiques.

Liechtenstein iri muri Schengen arikontiba muri UE

Ubukungu bushingiye cyane ku rwego rw’imari rwibumbiye i Vaduz. Ntabwo igifatwa nk’ “ikirwa cyo guhungishirizamo imali yibwe cyangwa itasoze”( bita nanone paradis fiscal),nk’uko byavugwaga mbere. Ni umunyamuryango wa AELE (Association Européenne de Libre-Échange), EEE (Espace Économique Européen), n’Ikirere (Espace) Schengen, ariko ntiri muri Union Européenne .

Abaturage

Abaturage 65,8% bose bafite inkomoko ya Liechtenstein. Abandi 20,1% ni abimukira bakomoka mu bihugu bivuga ururimi rusa n’ikidage(aba germanophones) : 10,8% u Busuwisi, 5,9% u Buharike, 3,4% u Budage. Hakurikiraho Abataliyani (3,3%), abo mu bihugu byahoze ari Yougoslavie (3,3%), Abaturukiya (2,6%) n’abandi (4,8%).

Ururimi rwo mu butegetsi ni Ikidage, ariko urusanzwe rukoreshwa mu buzima busanzwe ni Liechtensteinois. Igifaransa ni ururimi rwa mbere rw’amahanga rwigishwa kuva mu mashuri yisumbuye kugeza kaminuza.

Mu idini, Kiliziya Gatolika ni yo ifite ubuzima gatozi bwo kuba idini ya Leta yemewe n’amategeko, ariko andi madini na yo afite ubwisanzure bwuzuye. 73,4% ni abakirisitu gatolika, 8,2% Abaprotestanti, 5,9% Abayisilamu, abandi ni bake.

Uburezi n’ubukungu

Igipimo cy’ireme ry’uburezi n’ubumenyi ni 100%. Hari kaminuza 4 nyamukuru n’amashuri yisumbuye 9. Nubwo ari gito, ubukungu bwifashe neza kubera inganda n’isoko ry’ubucuruzi ryisanzuye. Liechtenstein ikoresha ifaranga ry’u Busuwisi (franc suisse). Ku 2008, PIB yayo yari miliyari 3,97 z’amadolari, ku muturage ikagera ku $111.488 – iya kabiri ku isi nyuma ya Monaco. Igihugu nta nguzanyo habe na nke gifite ahubwo gifite “reserve” (ububiko bwakimaza imyaka n’imyaka kidakeneye imisoro).

Ubuzima bwa buri munsi

Hari televiziyo imwe mu gihugu (yitwa 1FLTV), nta radiyo ya Leta kigira. Imihanda ni 140 km, nta mihanda minini (autoroutes), nta byapa byinshi bidasanzwe. Abantu bigishwa kuba inyangamugayo kuva bakiri bato.

Umuhanda mwiza cyane uhuza Liechtenstein na Suisse.

Nimero zabo za telefoni mpuzamahanga zitangizwa +423. Imihanfa ya gari ya moshi (inzira z’itreni ) ni 9,5 km zigenzurwa na kompanyi yo muri Otirishe. Ifiteza bus ziyoborwa n’ikigo cya Leta cyitwa Liechtenstein Bus. Nta kibuga cy’indege gifite, keretse gusa ikibuga gito cya kajugujugu (héliport) kiri i Balzers; Ikibuga cya Zurich (mu Busuwisi, km 130) ni cyo gikoreshwa n’abashaka kwinjira hano.

Liechtenstein nta gisirikare igira, iramutse itewe yarindwa n’u Busuwisi. Nanone ni umunyamuryango wa ONU (1990) na OMC (1995).

Polisi n’amagereza

Polisi igizwe n’abakozi 125 gusa ( harimo abapolisi 91 n’abandi bakozi 34). Ifite amasezerano yo gufatanya n’u Busuwisi na Autriche. Ni umunyamuryango wa Interpol.Ifite gereza imwe gusa rudoli i Vaduz, nayo ifungirwamo gusa abafunze by’agateganyo cyangwa abakatiwe imyaka iri munsi ya 2.

Muri 2023, gereza yari ifite abafungwa 48 gusa; muri 2025 hasigayemo 7 mu gihugu hose. Nta byaha bikomeye bihaba kuko ntawe ufungwa imyaka irenga 3. Abafungwa bahabwa ibyo kurya biturutse mu mahoteli meza yo mu gihugu.

Ubitekerezaho iki? Liechtenstein ni igihugu gisanzwe cyangwa ni ka paradizo ku isi?

Iyi si

Mwalimu HAKIZIMANA Maurice
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