Menya bwana Nayigiziki Saverio, umwe mu bahanga u Rwanda rwagize. Inkuru y’ubuzima bwe.

Yanditswe na: HAKIZIMANA Maurice

Yitwaga Nayigiziki Saverio (cyangwa Xavier) yavukiye i Karama, Save (Butare, Huye) tariki ya 02/09/1915, yiga amashuri abanza Save yinjira iseminari nto y’i Kabgayi, ariko aza kuhirukanwa atarangije.We yakundaga kwandika izina rye gutya Naigiziki ngo byorohere na ba rutuku.

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Amaze kwirukanwa,yahise ajya kwishakira akazi k’ubukarani (ubwanditsi) mu bazungu bari bafite amangazini manini, nyuma yanakoze muri Kiliziya Gatolika anabera umunyamabanga wihariye wa bwana Wilfrid Bucyanayandi wari umu shefu wa sheferi ya Gishari (ku ngoma ya cyami n’iy’Ababiligi). Nyuma yaho ubuhanga bwe bwatumye ahamagazwa gukora mu bunyamabanga (ubwanditsi) bw’umwami Mutara i Nyanza.

Ahagana mu mpera za Kanama 1959, Saverio Naigiziki yagizwe sushefu w’agateganyo wa Shari wari shefu wa sheferi ya Mayaga muri Nyanza. Yoherejweyo n’umuzungu wari adiminisitateri wa Nyanza mu gihe yari agitegereje ko umwami w’u Rwanda hamwe na rezida w’u Rwanda bemeza ishyirwaho rye.

Ku ya 3 Nzeri 1959, Nayigiziki yemejwe ku mugaragaro nka sushefu wa Shari imbere ya adminisitarateri wa Nyanza, umubiligi Emmanuel de Jamblinne de Meux, imbere ya shefu wa sheferi ya Mayaga,umunyarwanda Ubald Kimonyo, na sushefu wa Shari wari usanzweho umunyarwanda Michel Muligande.

Saveriyo Nayigiziki yategetse susheferi igizwe b’abagabo 845 bashoboye n’abaturage bagera ku 2000. Akazi ke yari afite mu nshingano harimo gukusanya imisoro (umusoro wa leta, umusoro w’inka n’umusoro w’abagabo batunze abagore benshi), gukora ibarura ry’abaturage, kugenzura ko igihingwa cya kawa kitabirwa kandi cyitabwaho, kurwanya isuri, kurwanya amabandi no gushishikariza abaturage gufata inkingo.

Nyuma y’imyivumbagatanyo(Revolisiyo y’i 59) yo mu Gushyingo 1959 yabereye mu Rwanda hose yiswe “impinduramatwara”, shefu wa Mayaga, Ubald Kimonyo, yakuwe ku mirimo ye ku ya 9 Ugushyingo 1959 afungwa azira kuyifatanyamo ku ruhande rw’Ubwami.Yahise asimburwa by’agateganyo, ku ya 13 Ugushyingo 1959, na bwana Ladislas Sekayange, sushefu wa Muyira, agateganyo karangiye iyo susheferi ihabwa Pierre-Claire. Kugeza aha,uyu niwe mutegetsi wa nyuma bwana Nayigiziki avuga mu nyandiko ze.

Ku ya 10 Nyakanga 1960, Saverio NaYigiziki yasabye kwegura ku bu sushefu bwa Shari, kugira ngo yite kuri Fond Mutara (IKigega Mutara), aho yari yarabaye perezida w’inama y’ubutegetsi yacyo icyarimwe n’uhagarariye mu mategeko (muri sitati zacyo). Yari amaze kunanirwa gutegeka abaturage batumva bigometse barwanyaga ibyo kwishyura imisoro itoroshye bashyiriweho n’ingoma ebyiri (iya cyami n’iya gikolonize) ndetse n’agahato ko guhingisha abantu ikawa no kuyikorera. Nayigiziki yamaze amezi 10 husa ku bu susheferi wa Shari.

Nyuma, guhera muri Nzeri 1960, Nayigiziki yahawe akazi n’ubuyobozi bukuru bwa gikoloni bw’indagizo y’Ababiligi bwategekaga intara ya Ruanda-Urundi, ku murwa mukuru wa Usumbura. Kuri iyi nshuro, yagiye gukora aho twakwita nka perezidansi ya Ruanda-Urundi, mu biro bishinzwe ibarurishamibare mu ishami ry’ubukungu. Ahagana mu mpera z’umwaka wa 1961, yasubiye mu Rwanda aho yabaye umusemuzi by’agateganyo w’impaka zaberaga mu Nama Nkuru y’Igihugu (Conseil du Ruanda).

Nyuma y’ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda bwo kuwa 1 Nyakanga 1962, Nayigiziki yahawe akazi ko kuba umwarimu w’ikilatini n’igifaransa mu iseminari nto ya Butare, abikesheje Mgr Jean-Baptiste Gahamanyi, umwepiskopi wa Butare, biganye mu iseminari nto ya Kabgayi mbere y’uko ahirukanwa atarasoza neza. Mu myaka ya za 1960 ndetse no mu myaka yakurikiyeho, Nayigiziki yanakoranye n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ubushakashatsi mu bumenyi (INRS) mu bushakashatsi ku mateka y’u Rwanda, ku muryango nyarwanda no ku muco. Saverio Nyigiziki yapfuye tariki ya 12/01/1984 i Butare.

Saverio Naigiziki niwe mwanditsi wa mbere w’u Rwanda wanditse igitabo cyo mu bwoko bw’inkuru (romans) mu gifaransa. Igitabo cye cya mbere, cyakuye isoko mu mateka ye bwite yacyanditse muri 1950, acyita “Escapade ruandaise. Journal d’un clerc en sa trentième année”, cyarakunzwe cyane bitavugwa maze biba ngombwa ko yongera kucyandika bwa kabiri akoramo imizingo ibiri acyitwa “Mes transes à trente ans. Histoire vécue mêlée de roman. Tome 1 : de mal en pis” ; “Tome 2 : de pis en mieux, 1955”. Nayigiziki kandi yabaye n’umwanditsi w’ikinamico (théâtre) yise “L’optimiste” yanditswe mu 1954.

« L’Optimiste » ni inkuru y’umusore Muhutu wifuza kurongora umukobwa w’umutware wa Mututsi. Urwo rubyiruko rwombi rurakundana, ariko rubangamiwe n’Umuryango Nyarwanda yisubiraho yagumye ku ka cyera yamugajwe n’urwikekwe. Nyamara kandi isi irahinduka kandi Nayigiziki ni umwe mu bantu bakomeye bifuje kuyikosora no guha ikaze imitekerereze mishya mu buryo bushimishije: Yaranditse ati

«Les prétentions d’hier sont les possibilités d’aujourd’hui et les réalisations de demain » (nko kuvuga ngo “Umwijongoro w’ejo hashize ushobora guhinduka ukavamo ibintu bishya bizima bishoboka uyu munsi kandi wavamo ibitangaza bizagerwaho ejo hazaza ” ((Acte I, Tableau I, sc. 1))

Muri “Mes transes à trente ans. Histoire vécue mêlée de roman. Tome 1 : de mal en pis” ; “Tome 2 : de pis en mieux, 1955” hari aho agira ati “Ariko se jye ndi iki muri ibyo byose? Umugabo wasaze utaragize icyo ageraho mu buzima; ikigoryi giteye isoni abo mu gisekuru cyanjye; rutemayeze wungukira mu cyuya cy’abandi. Inkende yamize umuzungu (un singe qui a avalé un Blanc), nk’uko bamwe mu Bazungu banyita, umutwe w’imashini y’inzozi gusa, nk’uko abo dusangiye igihugu bansebya babivuga, cyangwa, uko mbibona, umurakare ushaririwe n’ubuzima; umuntu wayobye ugenda ari mu bitotsi atazi n’iyo ajya; igisigisigi cy’umugabon kuko abandi bagabo mu bwikunde bwabo, bahora baryana nk’amasazi, barwanira kurya igisebe cy’umukene! (Mes Transes… p 62))

Inkuru z’ubwenge bwe bwinshi cyane zamuvuzweho

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(1)Nayigiziki yateze rifuti bamubajije aho bamusiga ati nsiga mu irimbi ni ho iwacu

Dr. Emmanuel Nsengiyumva, umuyobozi w’ishami nderabarezi mu ishuri rikuru Gatolika rya Kabgayi – ICK akaba yaranakoze ubushakashatsi kuri Nayigiziki avuga zimwe mu nkuru ze agira ati:

‟Nayigiziki yari atuye i Cyarwa hafi ya Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda. Umunsi umwe rero yari avuye ahitwa mu Matyazo yahaze agatama, yaka rifuti umugabo wari umunyuzeho atwaye imodoka, arahagarara, aramutwara. Bageze mu nzira aramubaza ati ndakugeza he? Ni bwo Nayigiziki yamurangiye ku irimbi rya Karubanda, bahageze atunga urutoki mu irimbi, ati ngaho iwanjye turahageze nsiga.Mu gihe uwari umuhaye rifuti akibyibazaho, Nayigiziki yaramubwiye ati ‟Kandi nawe wabishaka utabishaka aha ni iwawe, umenye ko aha ari iwabo wa twese”.

(2)Nayigiziki ataha ubukwe yambaye nabi ntibamuhe,yakwambara neza bakamuha ibyo ahawe akabishyira mu ikoti

“Ikindi gihe Nayigiziki yatashye ubukwe bwabereye ahahoze ahitwa ku Ngoro i Huye, agenda yigize umuvumbyi, abakobwa bari muri serivise bamubonye n’uburyo yambaye inshabari bati ‟Ntiwinjira, bererekera abambaye neza, naho wowe w’inshabari wapi”.Nyuma yo guhezwa, Nayigiziki yanyarukiye mu rugo yiyambura inshabari yambara ikositimu nziza maze agarutse bamwakira nk’umushyitsi w’imena. Ubwo bamaraga kumusuzugura, yasubiyeyo yambara neza maze agarutse bamusamira hejuru bamwicaza iruhande rw’abageni, bazana byeri bayimuhaye ati iyi byeri si iyanjye.Yafashe ya byeri ayiranguriza mu mifuka y’ikote arangije arisohokera, ati n’ubundi nzi kwisengerera, filozofiya yanyu ndayibonye muri ba Habanabakize.”

(3) Nayigiziki bamwambuye umushahara bawuhaye umugore we ahagarika akazi

“Igihe yakoreraga Musenyeri Jean Baptiste Gahamanyi wa Diyosezi Gatolika ya Butare haje kuzamuka ikirego giturutse ku mugore wa Nayigiziki ari we witwaga Isabelle. Uyu mubyeyi abigiriwemo inama n’abana be, yagiye kurega Nayigiziki ku mukoresha we, ko asesagura umutungo w’urugo, awumarira mu nzoga n’abagore. Musenyeri akimara kubyumva, yaramuhamagaye aramubwira ati ‟Nayigiziki, nzajya nguhemba igice cy’umushahara, ikindi ngihe umugore wawe. Aha Nayigiziki yarabyemeye maze asubiza mu rurimi rw’igifatansa ati “D’accord””.Isabelle yatashye abyina, igihe cyo guhembwa kigeze Nayigiziki ahembwa 1/2 cy’umushahara, ni uko yigira inama yo gukora iminsi cumi n’itanu, maze indi cumi n’itanu isigaye arabura. Yigiriye mu Bugesera mu rugo rwe, akomeza imirimo yo kwandika igitabo cye ku Nyoni. Mu kwandika, ngo yumvirizaga amajwi y’inyoni mu ishyamba maze akazigana. Icyo gihe cyose umukoresha we, ari we Musenyeli Gahamanyi yari yaramubuze.

Bigeze ku itariki ya mbere y’Ukwezi gukurikiraho, Nayigiziki yagarutse ku kazi, maze Musenyeri Gahamanyi akimukubita amaso amwakirana uburakari. Amubajije impamvu yataye akazi, Nayigiziki mu rurimi rw’igifaransa agira ati “Tiens, Isabelle n’est pas venue au travail?”. (Ngo ngw’iki? Ni akumiro! Izabele ntiyaje ku kazi?) Aho rero, Musenyeri utaribukaga izina ry’umugore wa Nayigiziki yagize ati ‟Qui est Isabelle ?” (Izabele ni nde se?) , Nagiziki ati ‟Ma chere femme” (Umugore wanjye ) mu gihe Musenyeri akiri mu rujijo, Nayigiziki ati ‟Nakoze iminsi 15 mpembwa iminsi 15, nawe yagombaga gukora 15”.

(4) Nayigiziki n’abasirikare saa munani z’ijoro yasinze bamwita milita akabita abavuzampiri

‟Ijoro rimwe Nayigiziki yari avuye kwinywera urwagwa, maze anyura imbere y’Ikigo cya Gisirikare saa munani z’ijoro, abasirikare baramureba bati uraho Militant, Nayigiziki ati ye?, ngo Militant? Militare?, ntabwo ndi umuvuzampiri nkamwe.”

(5) Nayigiziki aba umukarani mu nteko ishinga amategeko

“Umunsi umwe ,Nayigiziki yakoze inyandiko mvugo y’inama mu nteko ishinga amategeko ya kera, ayisomye abadepite barasakuza ngo Nayigiziki yanditse nabi imyanzuro, ngo hari ibyo bavuze atanditse, Nyamara we yari yakoze inshamake nk’umuntu ubifitemo ubuhanga.Aha rero, abadepite bamuhaye amabwiriza agira ati”ugomba kwandika ikintu cyose kivuye mu kanwa ka buri mudepite, uko cyakabaye. Akimara guhabwa ayo mabwiriza, yarikirije ati ‟Ndabyemeye ba Nyakubahwa”. Ntibwakeye kabiri, abadepite bajya kwiyakira, bajyana n’umwanditsi wabo Nayigiziki, maze mu gihe bafataga amafunguro umwe mu badepite agubwa nabi, araruka. Nayigiziki nk’umukozi mwiza kandi wumvira amabwiriza, yabyongeye mu nyandiko mvugo, maze igihe cyo gusoma raporo kiragera. Nayigiziki yaratangiye arasoma, arasomaaa, aza kugera kuri ya ngingo maze agira ati “kuri iyi saha Depite runaka arariye arahaga araruka, aruka ibishyimbo, aruka amashaza, aruka n’inyama z’inka…Agisoma ibyo ikibazo cyaravutse mu nteko bati ibi se kandi uzanye ni ibiki ko bidafite aho bihuriye n’inama”. Nayigiziki ati ‟Ariko mwambwiye ko ikizava mu kanwa k’umudepite cyose nzajya ngishyira mu nyandiko mvugo”.

Ese Nayigiziki Saverio yaba yari umufilozofe?

Filozofiya ni iki? Kuri jye mu kinyarwanda filozofiya ni ubushobozi bwo kwibaza ibibazo bikomeye, no gutekereza ibisubizo ushobora gutanga;filozofiya si siyansi mu zindi. Ni ugutekereza ku bibazo ni ukwitegereza ibiba hafi yawe, ni ibitekerezo ahubwo izo siyansi zose zashingiraho.

Ijambo filozofiya si ikinyarwanda, ni iricurano riva ku kigereki cya kera φιλοσοφία,naryo rigizwe n’amagambo abiri (philéô, “gukunda”, na sophía, “ubwenge, ubumenyi”). Ubwo muri make ijambo filozofioya rifashwe uko ryakabaye ijambo ku rindi risobanura “gukunda ubwenge,gukunda ubumenyi” . Uru rukundo niyo nzira iganisha ku gusobanukirwa isi n’ubuzima binyuze mu gutekereza cyane no gusesengura cyangwa gukencura. Ni ubushakashatsi budashingira ku bintu bufatika( des faits/facts) ahubwo bushingira mu kwibaza ibibazo kuri buri kantu, ibibazo ku isi,ku buzima ku mibereho n’imibanire by’abantu.

Soma: Ubuzima ni iki,mu ijambo rimwe?-Ibisubizo by’abahanga

None se Nayigiziki yari umu filozofe? Ni ko abantu hafi ya bose babanye nawe cyangwa bamwumvise bamufashe. Ni ko bamwitaga.

Dr. Nsengiyumva  wamukozeho ubushakashatsi bwimbitse asubiza iki kibazo agira ati ‟Nkeka ko ariho abantu bahera bamwita umufilozofe ariko mu bisobanuro bya Filozofiya sinibaza ko ari ko umuntu yamwita. Turebye ba Aristote, ba Platon n’abandi ntabwo yakabaye ajya mu Bafilozofe.”

Kuri jye ariko, kuba umufilozofe ntubigirwa n’uko Kaminuza ibikwise. Ku gutekereza cyane rwose mbona nta cyabuza Saverio Nayigiziki kwitwa umuhanga mu gutekereza cyangwa umufilozofe. Ibyo ariko byaganirwaho,mfunguye impaka ngo buri wese abivuge uko abyumva. Uko bimeze kose,bwana Nayigiziki Saverio, ni umwe mu bahanga u Rwanda rwagize.

Source : MRAC, Archives du Pr Marcel d’Hertefelt, Petites enquêtes Xavier Naigiziki – Chansons – Imaana – Clans (amoko) ; Archives générales du Royaume 2-dépôt Joseph Cuvelier, RWA 45, RWA 48 ; Archives générales du Royaume, SPA-AIMO, Cadre auxiliaire Ruanda-Urundi, Dossier de Naigiziki Xavier ; Ngendahayo Jean-Marie, “Le singe qui a avalé un Français”, in “Iwacu”, [en ligne], https://www.iwacu-burundi.org/le-singe-qui-a-avale-un-francais/. (Page consultée le 14/7/2020) et https://www.kigalitoday.com

Iyi si,

HAKIZIMANA Maurice:  II Kunkurikira kuri WhatsApp  Whatsapp https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaCyM5ILdQejDYwQ2b2u II  Kunkurikira kuri page facebook: https://www.facebook.com/professormaurice/