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Icyizere cyo kubaho ni iki? Ese mu Rwanda kigeze ku myaka ingahe? Dore icyo ibarurishamibare rigaragaza

December 11, 2024
professormaurice
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Yanditswe na  HAKIZIMANA Maurice

Mu makuru: Minisitiri w’Ubutabera akaba n’Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta y’u Rwanda Dr. Ugirashebuja Emmanuel yavuze ko kuba icyizere cyo kubaho ku Banyarwanda cyaravuye ku myaka 29 kikagera ku myaka 69 mu myaka 30 ishize, bigaragaza intambwe yatewe mu iyubahirizwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu mu Rwanda. Ibi byavuzwe ku wa 10 Ukuboza 2024, ubwo hizihizwaga imyaka 25 Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu imaze.Ese ni byo koko,icyizere cyo kubaho mu Rwanda cyari imyaka 29 gusa mbere y’umwaka wa 1994? Ubu se icyizere cyo kubaho gihagaze gute? Dore icyo ibarurishamibare (statistiques) rigaragaza.

Uko Abanyarwanda bagiye biyongera hagati ya 1960 na 2020 (Mu bururu ni ibarurishamibare rya Banki y’Isi yose naho mu tunyenyeri ni imibare y’ibarurishamire rya za Leta y’u Rwanda uko zagiye zikurikirana). Imibare y’abaturage ibarwa muri miliyoni.

 II Kunkurikira kuri Whatsapp https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaCyM5ILdQejDYwQ2b2 II Kunkurikira kuri facebook: https://www.facebook.com/professormaurice/. 

“Mbere ya 1994 Abanyarwanda barambaga imyaka 29 gusa” (icyizere cyo kubaho/espérance de vie)!- Intumwa nkuru ya Leta, Dr. Ugirashebuja Emmanuel

Icyo ibarurishamibare rigaragaza ku Rwanda

Icyizere cyo kubaho kuva umuntu avutse (espérance de vie à la naissance) cyari imyaka 46 mu mwaka wa 1978. Nta hantu hagaragaza ko icyizere ko kubaho ku banyarwanda kigeze kiba imyaka 29 mu myaka ya mbere ya 1994.

Amateka y’icyizere cyo kubaho mu Rwanda

Icyizere cyo kubaho muri 1978 cyari imyaka 46. Muri 2002  cyari imyaka 64 naho muri 2022 (imibare iheruka) cyageze ku myaka 70. Abaramba cyane ni abagore kuko bo bageza ku myaka 71,2 mu gihe abagabo bo baramba imyaka 65,2. Imfu z’abana nazo zaragabanutse: Muri 2012 hapfaga impinja 49 ku 1000,none ubu hapfa impinja 28,9 ku 1000. (Nabikuye muri National institute of statistics of Rwanda, « 5th Rwanda population and housing census », mars 2023.Reba nanone ibarurishamibare rya Banki y’Isi https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/rwanda/overview)

Ngiyi Raporo yuzuye y’Ibarurishamibare mu Rwanda (National institute of statistics of Rwanda, « 5th Rwanda population and housing census », mars 2023) igaragaza uko icyizere cyo kubaho cyagiye kizamuka.

RPHC5_MainIndicatorsReport_FinalDownload

Icyizere cyo kubaho ni iki?

Icyizere cyo kubaho (espérance de vie humaine) ni kimwe mu  bipimo by’ibarurishamibare bikoreshwa cyane mu Kureba no guteganya ahazaza h’iguhugu n’ubwiyongere bw’abanyagihugu . Iryo barurishamibare rinapima amajyambere rikaba kandi n’igipimo cyiza cy’uko abaturage bahagaze mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi, n’uko igihugu gihagaze,niba gitera imbere cyangwa gisubira inyuma.Imibare yose y’ibihugu byo ku mugabane umwe yerekana ishusho yawo.

Uko bapima icyizere cyo kubaho mu baturage b’igihugu

Hari ibintu byinshi « bishobora kugabanya cyangwa kongera icyizere cyo kubaho/kuramban,twavuga nk’imibare y’abanywa itabi (igikamba,isigara,ubugoro n’ibindi), imibare y’abanywa cyane inzoga (urwagwa, byeri, n”izindi zigenda zaduka)  », indwara zihererekanywa mu miryango,uburyo abaturage bororoka, hamwe « n’imirimo bakora » hakubiyemo n’imyitozo ngororangingo. Nanone harebwa urwego rw’imirire ya rusange kuko kurya indyo yuzuye (intungamubiri zuzuye ni ukuvuga ibyubaka umubiri, ibirinda indwara n’ibitera imbaraga) ari kimwe mu byongera imyaka yo kubaho. Umuntu wita ku byo arya buri munsi yiyongerera nibura imyaka 9 yo kuramba kurusha abapfa kurya ibyo babonye byose.(Nabikuye muri Science et Vie yasohotse tariki ya 4 Ukuboza 2023 ku ngingo ivuga ngo « Régime alimentaire : adopter de bonnes habitudes vous fait gagner 10 ans d’espérance de vie [archive] »

Nanone harebwa uko ubuvuzi buhagaze, n’uko abanyagihugu babasha kwivuza urugero nk’ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima (mutuelle de santé) bukora neza, n’amavuriro agenda abegerezwa. Ikindi kintu kizamura icyizere cyo kubaho ni urwego rw’isuku,uko abanyagihugu bagera ku mazi meza, imyambaro,no gutura kimwe no kuryama heza.

Uko byifashe mu bindi bihugu

Icyizere cyo kubaho no kuramba mu isi yose mu bihugu byose kibarirwa hagati y’imyaka 83,7 y’u Buyapani (ari nabwo buza imbere) n’imyaka 50,1 yo muri Sierra Leone ari nayo ifatirwaho igipimo cyo hasi rusange. Hakurikiraho ibihugu biri mu mutuku cyane aho imibare ya OMS, Banki y’Isi n’iy’ibihugu byabo igaragaza ko icyizere cyo kuramba ari gike cyane. Ibyo bihugu ni nka Eswatini,  Botswana,  Lesotho, Zimbabwe,  Zambiya,  Mozambike, Malawi, Afurika y’Epfori, Répubulika Santarafurika, Namibiya, Guineya-Bissawu byazahajwe cyane n’icyorezo cya VIH / SIDA (aho abaturage bakuru babarirwa hagati ya 10 na 38,8 % bacyanduye).

Ibihugu n’ikigereranyo cy’icyizere cyo kuramba cyabyo muri 2019 (Raporo ya OMS).

Mu karere (Imibare yo muri 2015) : Repubulika iharanira demukarasi ya Kongo ni imyaka 58,1, u Burundi ni imyaka 56,1 ,Uganda ni imyaka 58,6,Tanzaniya ni imyaka 62,8,Kenya ni imyaka 65,4 naho u Rwanda ni imyaka 65,2

Umwanzuro

Icyizere yo kubaho mu Rwanda cyarazamutse kandi si iby’ubu gusa nk’uko imbonerahamwe zo haruguru zabigaragaje. Muri 1950 (ku ngoma ya cyami) icyizere cyo kubaho cyabazwe icyo gihe cyari imyaka 39,20, muri 1953 cyari 40,15, muri 1965 (Repubulika ya I) kigera ku myaka 43,65, muri 1980 (Repubulika ya II) kigera ku myaka 47.83. Kuva muri 1990 kugeza muri 1994 (imyaka y’intambara na jenoside) imibare ihari igaragaza ko koko icyizere cyo kubaho cyahanantutse cyane kugera mu mutuku (muri -) icyabiteye kirumvikana.Ubuzima bwageze aho buhagarara. Muri 1996 (muri Repubulika ya III) imibare igaragaza ko icyizere cyo kubaho cyari imyaka 35.77. Kuva ubwo kigenda kiyongera: muri 2000 cyari imyaka 47.22, muri 2010 cyari imyaka 62.33, muri 2020 cyari imyaka 69.06 none ubu muri 2024 imibare ihari igaragaza ko kibarirwa ku myaka 70.27.

Iyi si,

 HAKIZIMANA Maurice II Kunkurikira kuri Whatsapp https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaCyM5ILdQejDYwQ2b2 II Kunkurikira kuri facebook: https://www.facebook.com/professormaurice/. 

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