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IYO BAVUZE NGO “GUVERINOMA ZIKORERA MU BUHUNGIRO” WUMVA IKI? NI IKI UZIZIHO?

May 28, 2024
professormaurice
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HAKIZIMANA Maurice

GUVERINOMA ZIKORERA MU BUHUNGIRO zivuka buri munsi! Wenda wigeze kumva ko hariho “guverinoma ya Lugizamburu ikorera mu buhungiro”,  “guverinoma ya Gabo ikorera mu buhungiro”, “guverinoma ya Mali ikorera mu buhungiro”, “guverinoma y’u Rwanda ikorera mu buhungiro”,  “guverinoma ya Seribiya ikorera mu buhungiro” ,“guverinoma ya Birimaniya ikorera mu buhungiro” , “guverinoma ya Tibet ikorera mu buhungiro ” n’izindi nyinshi cyane. Ikibazo: “Guverinoma ikorera mu buhungiro ni iki?”? Reka ngerageze kubigusobanurira mu magambo yumvikana neza.

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(1) Guverinoma ikorera mu buhungiro ni guverinoma nyabaki?

Guverinoma ikorera mu buhungiro ni itsinda ry'Abanyepolitike bavuga ko ari bo bakwiriye kuba bayobora igihugu,ariko kubera impamvu zitandukanye ngo bakaba batari mu gihugu kandi badafite ububasha. Ubusanzwe za guverinoma zo mu buhungiro zishyirirwaho kwitegura kuzafata ubutegetsi zigakorera imbere mu gihugu impamvu zituma badakorerayo zimaze kuvaho.

Ubusanzwe ariko, ku ikubitiro, guverinoma zo mu buhungiro zatangiye ari guverinoma zo mu gihugu imbere zahunze, cyangwa se igice cyayo kisanze hanze y’igihugu, ni uko zigakomereza imirimo yazo mu buhungiro. Iyo zimaze yo igihe kirekire,ziyongeza manda cyangwa zigakoresha amatora zigakomerezayo. Urugero rwa bene izo guverinoma ni — guverinoma ya Tibet ikorera mu buhungiro. Uretse ibyo bisobanuro ariko, hari n’abiyita guverinoma zikorera mu buhungiro kandi batarigeze baba mu butegetsi, ibyo bakabiterwa n’uko ngo babona ababurimo mu gihugu badashaka kuburekura cyangwa badashaka ko habaho urubuga rwo kwihitiramo abategetsi muri demukarasi isesuye.

(2) None se iyo izo guverinoma zo mu buhungiro zishyizweho zimara iki?

Bene izi guverinoma zo mu buhungiro incuro nyinshi ntiziba zemewe n’ibindi bihugu. Inyinshi ziba ari izo kwerekana gusa ishusho bashaka, zimeze nk’ikinamico. Izindi ariko zigirira akamaro abaturage bazo baba mu mahanga nka zo. Hari ariko n’izikora cyane nka guverinoma koko, maze zikabasha gushyira hamwe abaturage bahunze, zigakora ibikorwa bifatika bibafasha, zigakora amakoraniro manini ya politike, kandi zikayobora ibitekerezo by’abantu mu gihugu imbere no hanze zikoresheje itangazamakuru mpuzamahanga n’imbuga nkoranyambaga ibyo bigashyira igitutu ku butegetsi bwo mu bihugu byabo.

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(3) Za guverinoma zikorera mu buhungiro mu Mateka ya vuba aha

Sinshobora kurondora za guverinoma zose zikorera mu buhungiro ziri muri iyi si,ariko hano ndavuga nke muri zo (icumi),cyane cyane izizwi cyane cyangwa izavuzwe cyane mu Mateka ya vuba aha.

  1. “Guverinoma y’Ubushinwa ikorera mu buhungiro”: Iyi guverinoma yaje kuvamo Leta yigenga yitwa-Repubulika y’Ubushinwa (izwi nanone nka Tayiwani). Mu mwaka wa 1949, bwana Tchang Kaï-chek yahungiye ku kirwa cya Taïwan nyuma yo gutsindwa n’Abakomunisiti mu ntambara ikaze y’ubushinwa izwi mu Mateka. Ari mu buhungiro,yibwiraga ko azisuganya akongera kwisubiza Ubushinwa bw’iburasirazuba,ni uko hagati aho ashinga “guverinoma ikorera mu buhungiro” ndetse igira amahirwe yo kwemerwa n’ibihugu byinshi nka Leta nyayo,ndetse n’Akanama Gashinzwe amahoro ku Isi karayemera. Kuva 1949 kugeza 1971 iyi guverinoma ikorera mu buhungiro yananiwe kwisubiza igice cy’igihugu cyayo kinini yambuwe n’Abakomunisiti maze muri 1971 yiyemeza kuva mu byo kwitwa “guverinoma y’ubushinwa ikorera mu buhungiro” ahubwo igira icyo kirwa cyayo cya Taïwan Repubulika y’Ubushinwa yigenga kugeza na n’uyu munsi.
  2. “Guverinoma ya Polonye ikorera mu buhungiro“: Iyi yashinzwe na perezida wa Polonye muri 1939 nyuma y’uko batakaje ubutegetsi, igenda ihunga inzira zose iza gushyira icyicaro cyayo mu mugi wa  Angers mu Bufaransa. Ubufarasna nabwo bumaze gutsindwa mu ntambara muri Kamena 1940, iyi guverinoma ya Polonye ikorera mu buhungiro yahungiye i Londres mu Bwongereza ihashyira icyicaro. Yakomeje gufasha abaturage bayo bahunze ari nako ikomeza ibikorwa byo kurwanya umwanzi. Hanyuma yaje guseswa tariki ya 22 Ukuboza 1990 nyuma y’imyaka isaga 50 ikorera mu buhungiro.
  3. “Guverinoma Nyarabu ya Sahara ikorera mu buhungiro“: Iyi yashinzwe muri 1976 ishinzwe n’umutwe wa politike witwa Front Polisario, nyuma y’uko Esipanye ya Sahara y’Iburengerazuba ikuyemo akarenge. Iyi Guverinoma Nyarabu ya Sahara ikorera mu buhungiro yahise yiyita Leta yigenga yitwa Repubulika Nyarabu iharanira demukarasi ya Sahara. Ariko na n’ubu iracyakorera mu buhungiro kuko ifite icyicaro mu Nkambi y’impunzi ya Tindouf muri  Alijeriya ahaba impunzi nyinshi cyane z’aba sahraoui (Soma Abasaharawi). Gusa iyi guverinoma ikorera mu buhungiro yagizwe amahirwe yo kwemerwa n’ibihugu bisaga 50 byo mu isi nka Leta nyayo, ndetse iza kwemerwa n’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze ubumwe(AU).
  4. “Guverinoma ya Irani ikorera mu buhungiro”: Iyi nanone yiyitwa “Inama Nkuru ya Irani” yashinzwe muri 2003 ishingwa n’Ihuriro ry’amashyaka ya politike menshi yatumijwe na bwana  Reza Pahlavi, igikomangoma cya Iran.
  5. “Guverinoma ya Afuganisitani ikorera mu buhungiro”: Iyi yashinzwe muri 2021 ikaba guverinoma yari mu gihugu “Repubulika ya Kisilami ya Afuganisitani” yirukanywe ku butegetsi tariki ya 15 Kanama 2021 n’indwanyi z’Abatalibani  bahise bagarura ubutegetsi bugendera ku mahame akaze cyane ya Kiyisilamu bise Emirat islamique d’Afghanistan. 
  6.  Guverinoma y’Uburusiya ikorera mu buhungiro”: Iyi yashingiwe muri Polonye mu mwaka wa 2022 yiyita “Ihuriro ry’Intumwa za Rubanda rw’Abarusiya”.Iyi guverinoma ikorera mu buhungiro yegeranya Abarusiya bose bahunze ubutegetsi bita ubw’igitugu bwa Vladimir Poutine hamwe n’abaturage b’Uburusiya bari mu mahanga yose.Ubu igikorwa iyi leta y’Uburusiya ikorera mu buhungiri ihugiyeho ni icyo kwandika itegeko nshinga rishya ribereye Abarusiya bose, no gukora nk’Inteko ishinga amategeko y’agateganyo kuzageza igihe ubutegetsi bw’uburusiya buhirimye.
  7. “Guverinoma ya Mali ikorera mu buhungiro” : Iyi guverinoma ishinzwe vuba cyane, tariki ya 24 Gicurasi (uku kwezi) 2024 ikaba yashinzwe n’Itsinda ryitwa  « Panel des démocrates maliens » (Urubuga rw’abanye Mali baharanira demukarasi). Ubu iyi guverinoma ikorera mu buhungiro iri kwegeranya abanye Mali bose batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare bitwa ubw’igitugu bose bahunze ngo bagire imbaraga zo kuzahindura ibintu muri Mali. Banashyizeho kandi « Inteko ya Rubanda» ikora nk’inteko ishinga amategeko ya Mali. Bafite icyicaro mu Busuwisi.
  8. “Guverinoma y’u Rwanda ikorera mu buhungiro” : Iyi guverinoma yashinzwe n’umupadiri witwa Thomas Nahimana wanashinze ishyaka ritavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda yita ubw’ “agatsiko” n’ ubw’ “igitugu”. Avuga ko yashinze iyi guverinoma mu buhungiro aho ageragereje incuro ebyiri kujya mu Rwanda kwiyamamaza mu matora ya perezida yo muri Kanama 2017 amatora avuga ko yari gutsinda cyane ngo iyo adakumirwa. Icyicaro cy’iyi guverinoma y’u Rwanda ikorera mu buhungiro kiri mu Bufaransa. N’ubwo ntako Padiri Thomas Nahimana atagize ngo amahanga yo muri iyi si amushyigikire kandi amwemeze nka perezida nyawe w’u Rwanda, ariko kugeza ubu nta Leta n’imwe iramwemera.
  9. “Guverinoma ya Biyerorusiya ikorera mu buhungiro”  (nanone yiyita Rada (bivuga ngo Inama Nkuru). Iyi yashinzwe mu mwaka wa 1919, niyo guverinoma ikorera mu buhungiro ishaje kurusha izindi zose. Iyi Rada yamaganye yivuye inyuma icyo yise “ikinamico ry’amatora” aho bavuga ko leta iriho yibye amajwi cyane mu matora ya perezida wa Biélorussie (soma Biyerorusi) yo kuwa 9 Kanama 2020, kandi ishyigikiye cyane imyigaragambyo yo kwirukana perezida Loukachenko ku butegetsi.
  10. “Guverinoma ya Tibet ikorera mu buhungiro “: Iyi yashinzwe tariki ya 28 Mata1959, ifite icyicaro mu Buhinde. Yihaye inshingano zo kwita ku mibereho myiza y’impunzi za Tibet no «kugarura ukwishira ukizana muri Tibet ». Nta gihugu na kimwe kiremera ku mugaragaro ko gishyigikiye iyi guverinoma uretse Ubuhinde bwonyine bwayemeye muri en 1966. Muri 1959 Ubuhinde bwahaye ubuhungiro umuyobozi w’ikirenga wa kane Tibet( 4e dalaï-lama),n’abari bagize guverinoma ye bose, imiryango yabo n’abaturage bose bahunganye kandi Ubuhinde bwabahaye ibyo bakeneye byose kugira ngo Leta yabo ikorera mu buhungiro ikore akazi kayo neza harimo kuborohereza imirimo,ibikorwa byo kwita ku mibereho myiza y’abaturage babo bahunganye, kubemerera gusoresha ku bushake abaturage babo,gushinga amashuri, gutanga akazi, no gukorera mu gihugu ahi bashaka hose. Igitangaje iyi guverinoma ya Tibet ikorera mu buhungiro yabashije kohereza mu bihugu cumi na kimwe by’ibihangange abayihagarariye, abo yitwa Ibiro bya Tibet mu mahanga (twagereranya na ba amabasaderi). Izo ntumwa z’iyi guverinoma ikorera mu buhungiro zikorera zisanzuye mu mirwa mikuru nka New Delhi, Katmandou, Genève, New York, Tokyo, Londres, Moscou, Bruxelles, Canberra, Pretoria na Taipei.

Ivonka Survilla, perezida(nte) wa guverinoma ya Biyerorusi ikorera mu buhungiro.

 Penpa Tsering, Minisitiri w’Intebe wa guverinoma ya Tibet ikorera mu buhungiro ifite icyicaro mu mugi wa Dharamsala mu Buhinde.

Padiri Thomas Nahimana perezida wa guverinoma y’ u Rwanda ikorera mu buhungiro,ifite icyicaro mu Bufaransa.

Cheick Mohamed Chérif Koné,Umukuru wa  “Guverinoma ya Mali ikorera mu buhungiro” yashinzwe kuri uyu wa 25 Gicurasi 2024

Ese wari uzi ko: Guverinoma ikorera mu buhungiro ikiri nto kurusha izindi zose imaze gusa iminsi itatu ( “Guverinoma ya Mali ikorera mu buhungiro” yashinzwe kuwa 25 gicurasi 2024) naho guverinoma ikorera mu buhungiro ishaje kurusha izindi mu zikiriho ari “Guverinoma ya Biélorussie ikorera mu buhungiro”imaze imyaka 105, yashinzwe muri 1919. Guverinoma ikorera mu buhungiro ikora cyane kandi ifite ibikorwa bifatika kurusha izindi zose ni “guverinoma ya Tibet ikorera mu buhungiro”.

Iyi si,

HAKIZIMANA Maurice:IIUshaka gukurikira urubuga rwanjye rwa Whatsapp  Whatsapp https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaCyM5ILdQejDYwQ2b2u IIUshaka gukurikira ipaji yanjye ya facebook: https://www.facebook.com/professormaurice/

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