HAKIZIMANA Maurice

Amazina ye arambuye ni Hassan Sheikh Mohamoud (mu gisomali  ni  Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud ; naho mu cyarabu  ni حسن شيخ محمود, Ḥasan Šaiḫ Maḥmūd), yavutse tariki 29 ugushyingo 1955 avukira i Jalalaqsi mu ntara ya Hiiraan, muri Somaliya. Uyu mugabo ni umunyepolitike. Ariko se wari uzi ko ari umwe mu bakuru b’ibihugu bize bakaminuza kurusha abandi muri Afurika no mu isi? Hassan Sheikh Mohamoud akomoka mu bwoko bwa ba nyamwinshi muri Somaliya ubwoko bwitwa Abgaal, bukaba ari ubwoko bw’Abasomali nibura 50%.

Mu nkuru iheruka kuvuga kuri Somaliya:Somaliya: Tumenye iki gihugu cyamaze kwinjira muri EAC- Umuryango w’Ibihugu bya Afurika y’Iburasirazuba

Hassan Sheikh Mohamoud agira iyihe dipolome?

Uyu mugabo yarize cyane nk’uko bigaragara kuri CV ye mfitiye kopi, afite dipolome yo mu cyiciro cya gatatu cya Kaminuza (master’s degree) yakuye muri Kaminuza yo mu Buhinde (Indian university) nyuma yo kwiga Kaminuza ya Somaliya.

Nanone vuba aha (mu kwezi k’Ukwakira 2022) yakoreye impamyabushobizi y’ikirenga Ph.D. yakuye muri Kaminuza yitwa University for Peace aho yakoze thèse ivuga iby’amahoro, imiyoborere myiza n’ amajyambere. Umva uyu mugabo akunda kwiga nta wundi muperezida wa Somaliya wigeze asubira ku ntebe y’ishuri kwiga. Abantu benshi bigira kubona amafaranga n’ibyubahiron,ariko we kubigira ntibimubuza kwiga.

Uyu mugabo kandi, ni umwarimu w’umwuga (profeseri) wigisha tekinolojiya (ikoranabuhanga) muri Kaminuza ya Mogadiscio (Université de Mogadiscio, Mogadishu University mu mpine MU),imwe muri za Kaminuza zikomeye cyane muri Somaliya kuva mu mwaka wa 1997.

Yabaye umwarimu wa Kaminuza, aba umucuruzi aba n’impirimbanyi iharanira amahoro mu gihugu cye.Akiri impirimbanyi yiyemeje kuganiriza abigiranye ubwenge n’akarimi ke keza  abarwanaga bari baraciyemo kabiri umurwa mukuru wa Mogadishu.Yiyemeje gukoresha ubwenge bwe bwose,nta ntwaro, mu kuganiriza impande zose no kujyana ubutumwa bwa buri ruhande ku rundi ruhande bahanganye. Ni muri 1998 akiri umwarimu. Byari ibintu bitamworoheye kuko hari ubwo uruhande rumwe rwamukekaga amababa rugashaka no kumwica.

Umwuga we wa kabiri ni Politike

Yabaye perezida incuro ebyiri,ibintu bidakunze kubaho.  Ubwa mbere, yabaye perezida wa Répubulika kuva tariki ya 10 Nzeri 2012 atsinze mu  cyiciro cya kabiri, ni mu matora yakozwe n’Inteko ishinga amategeko y’agateganyo yari yateraniye mu murwa mukuru wa Mogadiscio, abona amajwi 190 atsinze uwo bahiganwaga wari unasanzwe ku butegetsi bwana Sharif Sheikh Ahmed  wabonye amajwi 79 kandi ntaruhanye. Ni uko atangira akazi tariki 16 Nzeri 2012.Yabaye perezida wa Repubulika kuva muri 2012 kugera 2017, ariruhukira.

Yongeye kwiyamamaza mu matora yo kuwa 15 Gicurasi 2022 icyo gihe bwo yatsinze mu cyiciro cya gatatu nabwo atsinda perezida wari usanzweho yongera kuyobora iki gihugu kuva tariki ya 23 Gicurasi 2022 kugeza ubu.

Yarokotse igitero cya Al Shabab

Tariki 12 Nzeri 2012,igitero simusiga cy’ubwiyahuzi cyakozwe n’ aba shebabs batatu muri hotel uyu muperezida yarimo yitwa Jazeera, abasirikare bamurinda batatu bahasiga ubuzima ariko we ararusimbuka. Icyo gihe umwiyahuzi yamugezeho neza neza mu ntambwe 100 gusa,ariko abarinzi be babasha kumurasa atarakora ibara. Hari igihe yategekaga ubuso bungana na 2% gusa by’igihugu ahandi hose harigaruriwe na ba Al Shebabs.

Mu kindi gitero, ibyihebe byaturikije ibisasu mu modoka i Mogadishu byica abantu 100 ariko bigambiriye kwica Minisitiri w’Uburezi bwana Farah Sheikh Abdulkadir, akaba incuti cyane bizwi ya profeseri perezida Mohamud ariko nawe ararusimbuka.

Porofeseri Perezida wiyoroshya cyane?

Abamuzi ni ko bavuga.Ngo nta bikabyo agira,agenda mu modoka isanzwe,yoroheje, yicara ku ntebe zitari izikanga abashyitsi, yambara imyenda iciye bugufi kandi ntakanganye. Avuga ko kuyobora igihugu cyazahaye (“a failed state”) nka Somaliya bisaba ubwenge bidasaba ingufu.Afata politike nk’akazi gasanzwe,kandi yemera gutsindwa no gusimburana ku butegetsi nta mpaka nta mahane. Amakuru avuga ko akora amasaha 20 ku munsi,iminsi 7 kuri 7.

Indi nkuru wasoma:Salva Kiir perezida wa Repubulika ya Sudani y’Epfo :Ubuzima bwe,Igihugu cye, n’Amashuri ye

Avuga ko kugira ngo azanzahure Somaliya abanishe neza amoko yose n’amadini yose bimusaba gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo tekinike umuhanga mu by’ubumenyi mbonezamubano w’Umudage (sociologue) witwa Max Weber yita “slow boring of hard boards” – the patient pursuit of incremental change (« Alésage lent des planches dures » – la poursuite patiente d’un changement progressif) ngenekereje mu Kinyarwanda ni “ubuhanga bwo gutobora witonze imbaho zikomeye nk’icyuma”(imvugo y’ikigereranyo)-Ubuhanga bwo guhindura ibintu witonze cyane ubigiranye ubuhanga,ubwenge n’ukwihangana.

Ubu buhanga buba bugamije kubanza gushyiraho urufatiro bundi bushya bwo gusana ibintu,hano turavuga igihugu cya Somaliya. Uyu mukuru w’igihugu w’intiti aragira ati “Gahunda mfitiye Somaliya ni imwe gusa- kongera kuyibona yigenza...Nta kindi nifuza mu buzima bwanjye”

Twinjire mu buzima bwe bwite

Ibintu by’ingenzi wamenya mu mibereho ya Profeseri Hassan Sheikh Mohamoud

• Ni umugabo wize cyane kandi utarigeze aba umusirikare .
• Ni umwana wo mu cyaro wize primeri na segonderi mu mashuri yo mu cyaro iwabo mu ntara ya Jalalaqsi.
• Muri1978, yavuye mu cyaro iwabo ajya mu murwa wa Mogadishu kwiga muri Kaminuza nkuru ya Somaliya aho yize ikoranabuhanga kugera ku cyiciro cya kabiri asoza muri 1981,ajya kuminuriza icyiciro cya gatatu (master’s degree) mu by’uburezi bw’amashuri ya tenikike muri Kaminuza ya Bhopal mu Buhinde (ubu isigaye yitwa Barkatullah University) mu mwaka wa 1986
• Kubera gukunda kwiga cyane,muri 2001 yagiye kwiga muri Summer Peacebuilding Institute (SPI) amasomo yo gutekereza, gusana imitima yahungabanye, no gutegura amahugurwa muri the Eastern Mennonite University Kaminuza yo muri Harrisonburg, Leta ya Virginia muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika.
• Yabaye impirimbanyi y’amahoro (peace activist) muri za ONG zitandukanye, aba intumwa y’amahoro ya UN ikorana n’abahanganye mu ntambara zo mu gihugu.
• Yanakoreye UNICEF Somaliya nabwo akora nk’ushinzwe uburezi mu ntara zo hagati no mu majyepfo y’igihugu
• Ari mu bashinze Mogadishu’s Simad University,aho yabaye umwarimu wa Kaminuza ndetse aza kuyibera umuyobozi w’amasomo (dean)mu myaka 10 . 
• Nyuma y’imyaka myinshi ari umurezi haba muri Pirimeri haba muri segonderi (yigishije muri Lafole Technical Secondary School) na Kaminuza, yashinze PDP ishyaka riharanira Amahoro n’Amajyambere ya Somaliya yigenga (Peace and Development Party) yinjira muri politike atyo
• Mbere yo kugera ku mwanya wa perezida yabanje guca gato ku budepite mu mwaka wa 2012
• Afite kandi impamyabushobozi y’icyubahiro ya Dogitora y’Ubuvanganzo yahawe muri 2015 na Barkatullah University muri Somaliya nk’ishimwe ry’umwarimu w’ibihe byose
• Mu magambo make, uyu ni umwarimu w’umwuga, umuhanga mu byo kunga abantu (wabyize kandi ubikunda), impirimbanyi (activiste) y’amahoro, n’umunyapolitike uvuga ko ashyize imbere kunga abaturage.

Twinjire iwe mu rushako no mu rugo rwe

Porofeseri perezida Hassan Sheikh Mohamoud ni umugabo wubatse, afite abagore babiri,umukuru akaba ari na we asohokana kenshi mu nama zihuza abakuru b’ibihugu n’abagore babo ni Qamar Ali Omar. Undi mugore ukiri muto kandi w’uburanga bwinshi ni Saynab Abdi Moallim. Perezida afite abana barindwi.

Perezida na madamu we Qamar Ali Omar basuye White House(Ibirio bya perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika) tariki 5 Kanama 2014 Washington, DC. (UPI/Mike Theiler) | License Photo

Saynab Abdi Moallim umugore wa kabiri wa perezida Porofeseri perezida Hassan Sheikh Mohamoud

Porofeseri perezida Hassan Sheikh Mohamoud ni umu isilamu w’umusirimu,utari intagondwa

Umusigiti Mogadishu muri Somaliya

Kimwe b’abaturage be benshi,Porofeseri perezida Hassan Sheikh Mohamoud ni umuyisilamu utari intagondwa, bene ba bayisilamu bitwa “moderate” mu ndimi z’amahanga. Abarizwa ndetse muri al-Islah, ishami ry’idini rya Islam ryitwa Muslim Brotherhood (Ubuvandimwe bwa Kiyisilamu).Iri shami ni ryo riri ku ibere muri Somaliya,niryo riri ku isonga mu kubaka uburezi bw’igihugu bwashegeshwe n’umutwe wa Al shababs (ishami rya al-Qaeda) nawo w’Abayisilamu b’intangondwa(aba jihadists) bazengereje igihugu bashaka ko ngo kiyoborwa n’Amategeko akazi yitwa shariya.

Uburezi muri Somaliya bugendera kuinteganyanyigisho za kiyisilamu zisa n’izo muri Sudan na Misiri. Porofeseri perezida Hassan Sheikh Mohamoud avuga ko yemera Imana na Isilamu ariko avuga ko idini rya Isilamu rigomba kuba umuyoboro w’amahoro aho kwica abantu.

Ese profeseri perezida Hassan Sheikh Mohamud ni umunyagitugu cyangwa yorohera abo batavuga rumwe?

Abanyagitugu ntibemera demukarasi,ntibemera gusimburanwa ku butegetsi, kandi ntiborohera abo batavuga rumwe. Porofeseri perezida Hassan Sheikh Mohamoud we avuga ko yemera demukarasi,yemera gusimburanwa ku butegetsi nta gitonyanga na kimwe cy’amaraso kimenetse, kandi ko yemera gutsindwa. Uyu mwarimu ngo yazanywe no gufasha Abanya Somaliya kandi manda yemererwa n’amategeko ntashobora kurenzaho n’umunsi n’umwe. Iki gihugu ubu cyinjiye muri EAC,umuryango w’ibihugu byo muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba.

Reka noneho mbagezeho amafoto agaragaza igihugu cya Somaliya: igihugu cyo mu muryango wa EAC,igihugu cyo mu ihembe rya Afurika

Ibindi kuri iyi nkuru kanda:Somaliya: Tumenye iki gihugu cyamaze kwinjira muri EAC- Umuryango w’Ibihugu bya Afurika y’Iburasirazuba

Umurwa mukuru wa Mogadishu

Abasomaliya baba mu moko atandukanye

Abaturage ba Somalia bari mu moko menshi. Ba nyamuke ni aba Bantus (bitwa nanone aba Gosha, cyangwa aba Jareerweyne) ubwoko bw’aba (bantou/ nk’abahutu ) batuye cyane cyane mu majyepfo hafi y’imigezi ya Jubba na Shabelle . Amateka avuga ko abo muri ubu bwoko baje baturutse mu bihugu byo mu Burasirazuba bw’Amajyepfo ya Afurika, harimo abo muri Mozambique, Malawi, naTanzania. Abenshi bahaje ari abacakara n’abimukira. Aba bantu bafatwa nk’abagererwa mu gihugu cyabo kandi bibasirwa n’ubwoko bwa ba nyamwinshi ari bwo ba Nilotike (nk’Abamasayi,Abahima n’Abatutsi).

Aba Bantus bavuga ko bakorerwa jenoside muri Somaliya kandi ko bafatwa nk’ingwizamurongo mu gihugu cyabo.

Aba Nilotike bo ngo bafatwa nk’abari ku ibere mu gihugu,mbese nka ba nyira cyo.

Ba nyamuke ni aba Bantus (abahutu bo bita aba Gosha, cyangwa aba Jareerweyne) ngo bafatwa nk’abagererwa iwabo.

Somaliya ni kimwe mu bihugu byazahajwe n’inzara n’inyota kubera uruzuba rwinshi kandi inzara n’uruzuba ntibireba ubwoko

Somaliya ni igihugu cyapfushije abantu benshi kubera intambara za Kiyisilamu

Abasirikare ba Somaliya

Ni ibihe bintu wari usanzwe uzi ku gihugu cya Somaliya na perezida wacyo bwana Porofeseri perezida Hassan Sheikh Mohamoud?

IYI SI,
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