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BRICS YAHOZE YITWA BRIC- NI MURYANGO KI?

August 24, 2023
professormaurice
663 Comments
Abarebye: 6,699

Ubu yitwa BRICS ikaba umuryango w’ibihugu bitanu bihura incuro imwe mu nama ngarukamwaka kuva muri 2011 ! Izo nyuguti BRICS ni impine z’ibihugu byawushinze ari byo Brésil, Russie, Inde,  Chine na Afrique du Sud. Ese wari uzi ko iyi BRICS yahoze ari  BRIC (itagira S nkuru) yo yatangiranye na 2009? Iyo S nkuru yaburagaho ubu muri iki yahawe igisobanuro cya South Africa ni ukuvuga Afurika y’Epfo itangizwa n’inyuguti S.

Iri zina rihishemo izi nyuguti (acronyme) ryacuzwe bwa mbere muri 2001 n’umwanditsi w’umuhanga mu by’ubukungu w’Umwongereza witwa Jim O’Neill, muri raporo ya banki y’ishoramari Goldman Sachs yari ifite umutwe uvuga ngo Building Better Global Economic BRICs (Ako ka “s” gato gasoza ntikavugaga icyo gihe Afurika y’Epfo(South Africa) nk’uko bimeze ubu, ahubwo kari ka “s” gato kagaragaza ubwinshi gusa (le pluriel).

Mu nama ngarukamwaka ubu iri kuba muri uku kwezi kwa kanama 2023, Inama ya 15 ya BRICS (na S nkuru), umukuru w’igihugu cya Afurika y’Epfo cyakiriye iyo nama,bwana Cyril Ramaphosa yatangaje ku mugaragaro ko ibi bihugu bikurikira byinjiye mu muryango:Arabie saoudite, Argentine, Égypte, Émirats arabes unis, Éthiopie na Iran . Byemejwe,ubu hakaba hagiye kuzuzwa impapuro zose za ngombwa maze bakazakirwa muri BRICS byemewe kandi byuzuye neza tariki ya 1 Mutarama 2024.Icyo gihe BRICS izaba BRICS+(akamenyetso ko guteranya) kuko badateganya (niba nta gihindutse) guhindura izina ry’umuryango ngo barikurure rijyemo impine z’amazina y’ibuhugu byose.

Aha ni muri 2009, abategetsi b’ibihugu byashinze BRIC mu nama ngarukamwaka yabereye  Iekaterinbourg .
Uhereye ibumoso ujyana iburyo : Manmohan Singh, Dmitri Medvedev, Hu Jintao na Lula da Silva.

Abasesenguzi bavuga ko iyi BRIC y’umwimerere yacuriwe guhangana na G8 (undi muryango w’ibihugu umunani bikize kurusha ibindi ku isi, n’ubwo Uburusiya nabwo ari igihugu nyamuryango muri G8). 

Aha ni muri 2019, abategetsi b’ibihugu bya BRICS bihugitse nyuma y’inama ngarukamwaka ya G-20 yabereye Osaka muri Japon.
Uhereye ibumoso ujyana iburyo : : Xi Jinping, Vladimir Poutine, Jair Bolsonaro, Narendra Modi na Cyril Ramaphosa.

Urebye ni uguhera muri  2011, uyu muryango umaze kwakira Afurika y’Epfo, watangiye gukora neza, utangira gukora inama ngarukamwaka zikomeye, kandi iyi BRICS iba koko umuryango mu yindi.

Mu by’ubukungu, bahise bashinga, muri 2014 Banki itsura amajyambere bisela Nouvelle banque de développement, ifite icyicaro i Shanghai,mu Bushinwa.

Zimwe mu ntego biyemeje harimo guhangana n’icyo bita akagambane ka bimwe mu bihugu bya rutura ku isi bigize G20 ( yatangiye nayo ari G8 ) no kwipakurura icyo bita igitugu cy’Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imali (FMI bivuga Fonds monétaire international) no kureba ukuntu bakwibohora ingoyi bariho y’Uburyo bwashinze Imizi bwo Kwishyurana mu si (Système monétaire international). Harimo kandi no kureba ukuntu barwanya amategeko yo kubungabunga ibidukikije no kurinda ikirere baturwa hejuru n’ibyo bihugu bya rutura,amategeko bavuga ko abapyinagaza mu by’ubukungu.

Mu ncamake, aba ba BRICS bagamije, gushyiraho ubundi buryo isi iyoborwamo mu by’ubukungu na politike (ibyo bita mu gifaransa “multipolarité des équilibres économiques et politiques mondiaux” ) nibura hakabaho igisa na mukeba w’ibihugu byo mu Burengerazuba bw’Isi byubatse isi yabyo ibindi bihugu byose bikurikira buhumyi kuva intambara ya kabiri y’isi yarangira.

Ibihugu bine byashinze uyu muryango BRIC bwa mbere bifite aho bihuriye : Abaturage benshi hamwe n’ubuso bunini  (Uko ari bine biri mu bihugu icumi bya rutura mu bunini ku isi, binatuwe kurusha ibindi byose ku isi), binahuriye mu kuba byibitseho ubukungu karemano bwinshi( amabuye y’agaciro, gazi n’ibindi bitanga ingufu, amashyamba ya kimeza magari, ubuhinzi bwateye imbere, uburobyi…), ni ibihugu bimaze imyaka byubaka ubukungu bwabyo kandi ubukungu bwabyo ntibujegajega, buhora bujya imbere, kandi byose birakenewe mu ruhando mpuzamahanga cyane cyane mu by’ubukungu n’ubuhahirane n’isi .

Afurika y’Epfo nayo yaje kubisanga, n’ubwo itanganya nabyo ingufu, ariko ni igihangange muri Afurika haba mu bya politike no mu by’ubukungu. Ni igihugu cyihagije mu by’ubukungu,kidapfukamira ibindi ngo kibeho. Gifite rero umwanya wacyo mu isi y’ibihangange.

Ibi bihugu byo muri BRICS nta tandukaniro rinini riri hagati yabyo,uretse gusa imitegekere idasa:  bimwe muri byo bifite demukarasi yateye imbere, ibindi biyoborwa mu buryo bamwe bita “igitugu”,ku buryo utabibwira demukarasi.

Uburusiya,igihugu nyamuryango, ubu buri mu ntambara irutwara amafaranga menshi n’abaturage benshi.

Ibi bihugu byose ntibifite ubukungu bungana ariko bwose butera imbere : ni ibihugu bifite inganda nazo zikeneye gushakirwa aho zacukura amabuye na gaz byo kuzikoresha aho kugira ngo byiharirwe n’ab’iburengerazuba gusa, ni ibihugu biri mu bushakashatsi no guhanga udushya bisa n’ibisiganwa na ba mukeba babyo bamaze imyaka hafi ijana baratumbagiye, ni ibihugu biri mo kubaka cyane inganda nyinshi n’ubushobozi bidashaka uwabibwira kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ngo bikunde kuko ngo ari bwo byo bigitangira ugereranyije. Mbese muri make, ni ibihugu bishaka impinduka mu isi no kwigaranzura bene wabo bitwa ab’iburengerazuba biganjemo abanyaburayi na Amerika.

Murare aharyana/mwirirwe abakiri ku manywa!

Nitwa Hakizimana Maurice

Komeza gukurikira uru rubuga rwigisha uzamenya byinshi ukeneye mu buzima bwa buri munsi.

Dukurikire kuri Youtube kuri IYI SI talk Show https://youtu.be/NbOmqOTZ6yE
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