ADN, IGITABO CY’UBUZIMA

Hakizimana Maurice

Dore ibibazo nzagerageza gusubiza muri iri somo,mu kinyarwanda,mu mvugo yoroshye, itari ku rwego ruhanitse (n’ubwo bitoroshye):

I.ADN ni iki?

II. ADN ikora iki mu kinyabuzima?

III.Ese umuntu agira ADN z’ababyeyi be?

IV.Ese ikizamini cya ADN cyanyereka abo dufitanye isano se,uretse ababyeyi banjye gusa?

V.Ese ibizamini byagufasha kumenya ubwoko bwawe nyabwo n’aho bwaturutse kera?

VI.ADN,Bibiliya, Imana – bihurira he ?

Muriteguye?

I. ADN NI IKI

ADN ni ijambo ry’igifaransa rihinnye risobanura mu magambo arambuye Acide DésoxyriboNucléique! Jye nyita igitabo (code) kitaboneshwa ijisho kirimo igishushanyo mbonera cy’ubuzima n’imikorere y’ingirabuzima fatizo (cellules) za buri kinyabuzima cyose (macromolécule biologique)na za virusi nyinshi.

ADN ibika neza cyane(stockage) nta kwibeshyaho na gato amakuru yose ya vuba n’aya kera cyane mu myaka myinshi cyane yerekeye isamwa n’imikurire (information génétique) y’ikinyabuzima(aha ndibanda ku muntu) amakuru yitwa génome [soma:jenome] agaragaza uko ikiremwa cyasamwe(igisaba isamwa),uko cyakuze, imikorere yacyo, n’imyororokere yacyo!

ADN iba he? ADN iba mu ngirabuzimafatizo (cellules) zigize inzungano zose(organes) hamwe no mu ruhu rwawe: ingirabuzima zo mu mutwe(nerveuses),izo mu nda hakubiyemo nk’umwijima, no mu ruhu… muri make zuzuye umubiri wose, ingingo za ADN zirenga miliyari ibihumbi mirongo itanu(50 000) kandi zifite imirimo inyuranye!

II. ADN IKORA IKI MU KINYABUZIMA?

Navuga imirimo nk’itatu:

Kubika amakuru yose agaragaza igishushanyo mbonera CY’INKOMOKO ya buri kinyabuzima(stockage)

Kugira uruhare mu MIKURIRE y’ikinyabuzima

Kugira uruhare mu MYOROROKERE y’ikinyabuzima!

Mu ncamake, ADN ni igitabo cy’amabwiriza (code) agenga buri kinyabuzima,amabwiriza ikinyabuzima gikurikiza mu mikurire.

III. Ese ngira ADN y’ababyeyi banjye?

Reka tuvuge gusa ku bantu kugira ngo byorohe! Buri muntu ahabwa n’ababyeyi be bombi ADN ku rugero rungana! (50% ADN ya mama wawe,50% ADN ya papa wawe)!

ADN imwe mu zigize urusoro iva ku mugore(50%) indi ikaba ku mugabo(50%), zikivanga neza,ku buryo uwo muntu mushya agira kopi ye bwite nshya(ADN) nawe azaha ho abazamukomokaho gutyo gutyo!

IV. Ese ibizamini bya ADN bigaragaza neza AMASANO abantu bafitanye koko? Bamenya gute So?Ni ibihe bizamini bifatwa? Ese wamenya se w’umwana yarapfuye?

Hari ibigo byinshi bisigaye bikora ibizamini bya ADN byo gushakisha bene wanyu batazwi!

Bikorwa gute? Ibyo bigo na za Laboratwari bifata ADN zawe bikazibika bigakora urubuga nkoranyaADN (rusa nk’iyi facebook, “urubuga nkoranyambaga”) rw’abantu bemeye kwifatisha ibizamini bagafungura konti(nk’iyi ya facebook) ku rubuga ruhuriraho gusa ababyiyemeje hanyuma abahuje ibice bya ADN bakisanga hamwe (nk’uko ubona incuti z’incuti zawe ku mbuga nkoranyambaga) maze ufite isano ya ADN n’iyo kaba agakeregeshwa k’isano mufitanye mu maraso,mugahura!

Zirikana ibi: nk’uko nigeze kubivuga, buri mubyeyi wawe muri babiri aguha 50 % bya ADN ze,zigakora ADN yawe bwite ku buryo uwo muva inda imwe neza ku babyeyi bombi muba muhuje ADN ku kigero cya 25 %, mu gihe abava inda imwe n’ababyeyi bawe(oncles/tantes) na ba sogokuru na nyogokuru(grands parents) bo muba muhuje,ukoze mwayeni(moyenne)12,5% gusa bya ADN[Sogokuru ubyara so muhuza 10 %, naho Sogokuru ubyara nyoko mugahuza 14%].

Iyo ukomeje gufata ibizamini, ushobora guhura n’uwo musangiye ADN nke cyane nka 2% cyangwa 3 %, ku buryo byagora abahanga kumenya neza neza izina ry’isano mufitanye iyo ariyo nta kwibeshya!

Uko byagenda kose,abantu bose mufitanye isano (n’iyo yaba 1% ya ADN) mushobora guhuzwa n’urwo rubuga rw’amasano,n’ubwo siyansi itakubwira neza icyo mupfana cy’ukuri!

KUMENYA SO UKUBYARA:

Ntawe uyoberwa nyina wamubyaye, incuro nyinshi ibibazo bivuka ku kumenya se w’umwana nk’iyo uwateye inda amwihakanye, cyangwa uwatewe inda ayegetse ku mugabo utari nyir’ugutera iyo nda cyangwa se iyo abagabo babiri cyangwa benshi barwaniye umwana uvutse cyangwa se nanone mu gihe uruhinja rwibwe mu bitaro!

Ikizamini cya ADN ntigishobora kwibeshya ku babyeyi bombi(50% papa,50% mama)!

NI IBIHE BIZAMINI BIFATWA ?

AMARASO y’ukekwaho gutera inda hamwe n’ay’umwana ni ako kanya! Icyo kizamini cyanakorwa umwana akiri munda ya nyina amaraso hafatwa aya nyina w’umwana aba avuye mu rwungano nyamaraso rw’uwo atwite!

Ibindi bizamini bifatwa ni IMISATSI, INZARA, URWEMBE(cyangwa GIRETTE yiyogoshesheje), UBUROSO BW’AMENYO yakoresheje mu kanwa ke n’ibindi nk’ibyo!.

ESE WAMENYA SE W’UMWANA YARAPFUYE?

Cyane rwose,hapfa kuboneka gusa umurambo/ibisigazwa bye cyangwa ivu rye bagafataho ibizamini. Ariko bica mu nzira ndende,uwapfuye iyo atabishaka (yarasize abyanditse) ntawe ukora ku bisigazwa bye kubera amategeko y’ibihugu.

BITE SE IYO NTA SE UHARI, ARIKO HAKEKWA UMURYANGO WE?

Icyo gihe hafatwa ibizamini by’abagize umuryango w’ukekwaho kuba se(gutera inda) mu gihe babyemera!

ESE ABANA BAVUTSE ARI IMPANGA NTIBABA BAHUJE SE? IBIZAMINI KURI UMWE NTIBIHAGIJE?

Siko siyansi ibigaragaza! Impanga (amahasa) zishobora kuba zihuje inkomoko y’ intangangabo n’igi bimwe (byitwa “monozygotes”) cyangwa bidahuje byombi (byitwa “dizygotes”) bitewe n’uko umugore yabigenje umunsi yasamiye,aho yaba yaracanze abagabo babiri cyangwa benshi kandi intangangabo zabo zikinjira mu ntangangore mu bihe byegeranye,zose zigafata!

Si rimwe si kabiri abana b’impanga badahuza ba se! Ubwo rero mu gushakisha se, wafata ibizamini bya bombi!

Ibisubizo bya ADN yo gushaka kumenya se w’umwana biba biteye gute?

Iyo uwo mugabo atari we wateye inda, igisubizo kiba ari Oya 100% .

Iyo ari we wayiteye,ariwe se w’umwana nyakuri, igisubizo kiba ari Yego 99,9%.

Ibisubizo bitangwa mu minsi ingahe?

Bifata hagati y’iminsi 3 na 5 ku bizamini byo mu kanwa byafashwe abakekwa bose.

Ese birahenda?

Si cyane,ariko byaterwa n’aho uherereye.Mu Bufaransa hano ikizamini cya ADN ni amayero make cyane: hagati ya 70 na 90, ahahenda cyane ni hagati ya149€ na 169€.

​[Biracyaza……] Mu ngingo zikurikiraho turareba:

V.Ese ibizamini byagufasha kumenya UBWOKO bwawe nyabwo n’aho BWATURUTSE kera?

(Muri iyi ngingo: Ese ubu Hutu n’ubu Tutsi bwapimwa muri ADN? Ese waba uri umwirabura nkanjye aha,ugasanga ukomoka ku bazungu bo muri Nouvelle Zelande?Nzanabagezaho ibisubizo by’ibizamini by’abantu bazwi bagiye gushakisha kumenya AMOKO yabo N’INKOMOKO zabo)!

VI.ADN,Bibiliya,n’Imana,bihurira he ?

(Muri iyi ngingo: Ese ADN yaba hari aho yavuzwe cyangwa yerekejweho muri Bibiliya, igitabo cya kera cyane, kizwiho kuvuga ku Muremyi,Irema n’Inkomoko za Muntu?).

Ntucikwe!! Ibibazo by’ubwenge muri komanteri byamfasha kongera kureba muri notes zanjye zo mu ishuri! Mubaze ibibazo!!

Ibihe byiza,

Nitwa Hakizimana Maurice

Profeseri Hakizimana Maurice ni umwarimu w’umwuga warangije icyiciro gihanitse(masters Meef) mu burezi muri Université Catholique de Paris no mu bumenyamuntu muri Sorbonne Université,akaba yigisha amashuri makuru mu Bufaransa.Wamukurikira kandi kuri : Facebook,Twitter na Instagram

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