UBUVANGANZO N'URURIMI RW'IKINYARWANDA

Ibi byo kuvuga abantu bavangavanga indimi si ubusirimu na mba,ahubwo ni ubuswa,ubunebwe bwo mu bwenge,no kudaha agaciro ururimi rwabo! Hakorwe iki?

March 14, 2023
professormaurice
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Hakizimana Maurice

Ururimi rw’ikinyarwanda gakondo ruvugwa n’abantu basaga miliyoni 23 ku isi hose,harimo miliyoni hafi 13 z’abanyarwanda baba mu Rwanda imbere,n’abandi bavuga ikinyarwanda badafite ubwenegihugu nyarwanda nk’ababa muri Repubulika iharanira demukarasi ya Kongo,ababa muri Uganda,abaturage baba muri Tanzaniya,tutibagiwe n’abanyarwanda benshi baba muri Zambiya, Mozambike, Malawi, Zimbabwe,n’ababa mu mahanga ya kure.Abo bose bahuzwa n’ururimi rw’ikinyarwanda.

Ikinyarwanda ariko kirugarijwe ndetse mu myaka nka 50 iri imbere gishobora gucika burundu,kuzima, cyangwa kigahinduka ikindi kintu hatagize igikorwa! Ibyo abize iyigandimi barabizi neza ko hari indimi zipfa burundu zigasibangana (langues mortes) hakaba n’izibyara izindi z’imvange,agatogo k’indimi,ibikunze kwitwa ibi créoles!

Muri iyi minsi mu rurimi rw’Ikinyarwanda hakunze kugaragaramo ivangandimi, aho usanga abarukoresha, bavanga ikinyarwanda,igiswahili,icyongereza,igifaransa,ndetse n’izindi ndimi zitandukanye z’amahanga ku buryo umunyarwanda usanzwe adashobora kumva ibyo bavugira kuri radiyo(nacyo si ikinyarwanda) no kuri Televiziyo(nacyo si ikinyarwanda) cyangwa ibica ku mbuga nkoranyambaga zo kuri murandasi! Ikinyarwanda kivugwa hamwe n’icyandikwa ubu ni imvange ntarabonera izina, imvange nyarwanda, jye mbaye nkise Ikinyabaswafranglais!

Hano mu Bufaransa aho niga nkanigisha indimi zigikoreshwa muri iki gihe (les langues vivantes),baha agaciro cyane ururimi rwabo rw’igifaransa ku buryo uwibeshye akavuga igifaransa nabi kuri radfiyo na televiziyo byabo ashobora gutakaza akazi ke. Abategetsi uhereye ku mukuru w’igihugu bavuga gusa mu gifaransa kandi cyiza, n’ubwo bazi izindi ndimi z’amahanga nk’icyongereza,ikidage, ikirusiya,icyesipanyole, n’izindi. Inteko y’ururimi mu Bufaransa (yitwa Academie française) ikora amanywa n’ijoro ishakisha amagambo mashya,ivugurura amagambo yashaje, kandi irwanya yivuye inyuma ibyo kuvangavanga indimi mu rurimi rumwe!

Kuki abantu bavuga ikinyarwanda bakivangavangiramo izindi ndimi z’amahanga?

Bamwe babyita ubusirimu! Jyewe mbyita ubuswa,ubunebwe bwo mu bwenge,no kudaha agaciro ururimi rwawe.

Ubuswa kubera iki? Kubera ko abantu bakunze kwivugisha ikinyarwanda bavangavangamo izindi ndimi,akenshi nta rurimi na rumwe baba bazi neza. Ikinyarwannda ntacyo baba bazi,kuko ashakisha ijambo yaribura akitabaza icyongereza,igiswahili,igifaransa,cyangwa izindi ndimi. Ariko kandi umusabye kuvuga mu rurimi rumwe gusa azi neza,ntiyarubona.

Ubunebwe bwo mu bwenge: Kubera ko incuro nyinshi ntibashaka gukoresha ubwonko bwabo bashakisha ijambo batazi.Ntibagenzura mu nkoranyamagambo ngo bashakishe ijamo rikwiriye,abenshi ntibasoma ibitabo kuko burya abanditsi b’ibitabo bakoresha inkoranyamagambo kugira ngo bandike ijambo nyaryo,ikindi usanga ari ba bandi bibera ku mbuga nkoranyambaga amanywa n’ijoro aho buri wese apfa kwandika uko ashatse,nta cyo yitayeho kandi hafi y’abandika kuri izo mbuga nkoranyambaga ntibita ku rurimi,kandi nta mwanya babibonera. Bakunze kwandika mu mpine,cyangwa mu ndimi mvamahanga.

Inkoranyamagambo Nyamunini ikomatanyije igifaransa n’ikinyarwanda

Kudaha agaciro ururimi rwawe.Abakiri bato benshi bafata kuvangavanga indimi mu kinyarwanda nk’ikimenyetso cy’ubusirimu kugira ngo bumvikanishe ko bize bakaminuza, batari inkandagirabitabo cyangwa se abaturage.Gusa hano kuri jyewe,“hatukwamo nkuru”.

Twagiye tubona abategetsi bakuru,abayobozoi ba za Kaminuza,abanyamakuru, n’abandi bantu bitwa “abavuga rikijyana/rikumvikana” batuvangavangira indimi mu kinyarwanda kakahava. Nyamara hari andi moko yo mu bihugu navuze haruguru akomeza kwizirika ku kinyarwanda gusa,kandi akabigeraho. “Umwera uturutse i bukuru bucya wakwiriye hose”! Iki kibazo cyarangizwa no gusaba no gutegeka abo bose bavuga rikijyana kuvuga neza ikinyarwanda,kandi bakirinda kubwira abaturage basanzwe “ikinyabaswafranglais”(Ikinyarwanda kivanze mu buswa bwinshi n’igiswahili,igifaransa n’icyongereza)!

Erega hari na za Kaminuza n’amashuri yisumbuye ngo yumva agomba guca ikinyarwanda ku ishuri kuko kidasirimutse!!! Ubu hafi mu bigo byose by’amashuri kuvuga Ikinyarwanda byabaye icyaha ndetse n’ufashwe akivuga arahanwa rimwe na rimwe agakurwaho amanota y’imyitwarire.

Hari umwarimu (wo mu ntara y’amajyepfo mu Rwanda) wagize ati “Ubu abana bemerewe gukoresha Ikinyarwanda ku wa Gatatu gusa nabwo kuko ari umuntu uba ugiye kubaha amabwiriza agendanye n’imiyoborere y’ishuri. Indi minsi yose abana bategetswe gukoresha Icyongereza gusa ku buryo hari n’igihe kigera wavuga Ikinyarwanda ugahanwa nk’uwakoze ikosa.”

Undi mwarimu wigisha Ikinyarwanda mu mujyi wa Kigali avuga ko uretse no kuba gikoreshwa gake mu mashuri, Ikinyarwanda nk’isomo gisigaye kigishwa amasaha make mu ishuri kuko nko mu cyiciro rusange bagikuye ku masaha atanu mu cyumweru bagishyira kuri atatu.

Ariko biranatangaje ko na Leta itajya yita ku myigishirize y’ikinyarwanda no ku bitabo by’imfashanyigisho zacyo! Umwarimu utashatse ko amazina ye atangazwa yavuze ko mu bitabo REB iheruka koherereza ikigo yigishaho, buri shuri ryagenewe ibitabo by’Ikinyarwanda bine gusa mu gihe ishuri ririmo abana barenga 50. Aha nta n’igitabo cy’umwarimu bahawe ku buryo bituma birwanaho mu kwigisha.

Hano mu Bufaransa umuntu wese ushaka akazi asabwa kuba azi igifaransa! Hari ibigo by’amahugurwa byinshi bitanga amasomo y’igifaransa ku banyamahanga bose batakizi.Ibi byose biri muri gahunda yo guha agaciro ururimi rwabo,no kuruvuga neza.Ni nako kandi bimeze mu Bushiwa,mu Budage,n’ahandi henshi.

Niba kuvuga ikinyarwanda ari icyaha gihanirwa,ubwo kizatera imbere gute?

Bamwe bavuga ko ikinyarwanda gikennye,ko ariyo mpamvu bakivangira

Jye siko mbibona. Kuki gikennye se? Habuze iki? Inteko y’umuco n’ururimi ikaba ishinzwe iki? Abarimu b’Ikinyarwanda muri za Kaminuza bakaba bakora ubushakashatsi ku biki se? Ahubwo mbona ari bya bindi navuze haruguru: ubuswa,ubunebwe bwo mu bwenge,no kudaha agaciro ururimi rwawe. Umuntu atira icyo adafite,ntatira icyo afite ahubwo yanze gukoresha.

Inteko y’ururimi n’umuco nayo hari icyo nyibwira: guhora muhindagura amabwiriza y’imyandikire y’ikinyarwanda bigaragaza ko mutiyizeye neza.Ibyo nabyo bituma abantu bataryoherwa n’Ikinyarwanda. None se namwe,buracya muti ngaya amabwiriza mashya y’imyandikire,hashira imyaka mike cyane,muti aya mabwiriza twabahaye tuyakuyeho,mugaruke ku bya mbere!!!

Ubwo muriyumvisha ibitabo byasohotse mu myandikire ipfuye bizakosorwa cyangwa bizarekerwa uko byari biri? Niba ari ibyo kwigiramo no kwigishirizamo se,bizagenda gute?Ese hari amafaranga yo kubica byose hakandikwa ibindi? Hakenewe ubuhanga mu kinyarwannda butajarajara,buha icyerekezo cyiza abasoma ikinyarwanda ku isi hose.

Umwitozo: iyi nteruro yanditse mu ruhe rurimi?

Gewe ngiye ku iduka kugura ishati nimvayo ndajya mu mugi gushaka telekomande ya ya televiziyo,hanyuma mpamagare umu motari angeze mu rugo kuko ku mugoroba ndajya kureba maci kuri sitade rejiyonale!

Uwapfuye yarihuse atabonye aho ikinyarwanda kigirwa ay’ifundi igira ibivuzo!!

Banyarwanda namwe bantu mwese tuvuga ikinyarwanda,niba uzi isano ururimi rugirana n’umuco, nimwemere mwige Ikinyarwanda,mwe kugica ku mashuri abanza,ayisumbuye na za Kaminuza zanyu,mufatire urugero ku baturanyi banyu muri Tanzaniya.Ururimi rwabo rurabahuza,baruha agaciro,kandi bararukunda.

Musome ibitabo byanditse mu kinyarwada,mugabanye imbuga nkoranyambaga,muhe agaciro ibitabo n’udutabo two mu kinyarwanda kuko burya ibitabo bikurikiza amabwiriza y’imyandikire kandi binoza imvugo zikwiriye.

Abakina amakinamico na za filime (iki nacyo si ikinyarwanda) bihatire gukoresha ikinyarwanda nyacyo,gikwiriye,abaririmba baririmbe ikinyarwanda; abategetsi bose kuva hejuru kugera hasi bavuge ikinyarwanda igihe bavugisha abaturage,ibyapa byose bijye mu kinyarwanda, Inteko y’ururimi n’Umuco ishakishe amagambo yose matirano yatiwe bitari ngombwa iyatirure,ishake ayayo,biti ihi se, ikinyarwanda kizazima burundu.

Profeseri Hakizimana Maurice ni umwarimu w’umwuga warangije icyiciro gihanitse(masters Meef) mu burezi muri Université Catholique de Paris no mu bumenyamuntu muri Sorbonne Université,akaba yigisha amashuri makuru mu Bufaransa.Wamukurikira kandi kuri : Facebook,Twitter na Instagram

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