Amateka y’u Rwanda: Ibibazo n’ibisubizo ku Bwigenge (Indepandansi) y’u Rwanda ku ya 1 Nyakanga 1961

Auteur: HAKIZIMANA Maurice

Ni uko ku ya 1 Juillet/Nyakanga 1962 u Rwanda rubona INDEPANDANSI (ubwigenge)! Kuva ubwo buva icyarimwe ku ngoma ya cyami (« gihake ») na gikolonize ruba Repubulika! Dore Ibibazo benshi bibaza kuri uwo munsi wa Indepandansi. Nyuma y’ibyo bibazo, ndagerageza gutanga ibisubizo byabyo byose,kimwe kimwe. Hanyuma urebe ubumenyi ufite ku Mateka ya Repubulika maze wihe amanota.

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Ibibazo by’Amateka:(—/20 pts)

(1) (a) Ni bande bari bakolonije u Rwanda kandi se (b)batangiye kurukoloniza ryari? (Itariki ukwezi n’umwaka)

(2)Ni bande bagejeje u Rwanda kuri « indepandansi » rukaba « Repubulika »? (Vuga nibura amazina atanu yuzuye y’ababirwaniye)

(3) 1. Kubera iki abo baharaniye ubwigenge babyitaga « kwipakurura ingoma ya gihake na gikolonize » icyarimwe?

2. Ese ingoma ya cyami nayo yari iyo kwipakururwa? Niba ari (a) yego kubera iki? Niba ari (b) oya,kubera iki?

(4) (a)Ubu u Rwanda ruri muri Repubulika ya kangahe?

(b) Iyo yatangiye ryari?

(c) Repubulika zibarwa gute?

(5) Umwami wa nyuma w’ingoma ya cyami: (a) Amazina ye bwite

(b) Amazina ye ya cyami

(c) Amazina y’umugabekazi

(d) itariki yimikiweho

(e) itariki yatangiyeho/aho yaguye

(f) Aho ashyinguye

(6)Perezida wa Repubulika ya I y’u Rwanda :

(a) Amazina ye bwite yuzuye

(b) Amazina ye y’amatazirano

(c) Amazina y’ababyeyi be bombi

(d) Amazina yombi y’umugore we

(1re dame/1st lady) yuzuye

(e) Itariki n’aho yarahiriye

(f) Yapfuye ryari/aho ashyinguye

(7)Vuga amazina yose y’ababaye ba Perezida wa Repubulika kugeza ubu n’imyaka bagiye bamara ku butegetsi!

Dukosore

IGISUBIZO CY’ISUZUMABUMENYI: Amateka y’u Rwanda ya Vuba Aha

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(1) (a) Abakoloni b’u Rwanda:

Abakolonije u Rwanda ni Abadage n’Ababiligi.

(b) Itariki batangiriyeho:

• Abadage batangiye gukoloniza u Rwanda ku wa 1 Werurwe 1897,
• Ababiligi basimbura Abadage bamaze gutsindwa Intambara ya Mbere y’Isi,ariko bemezwa ku mugaragaro ko baragijwe u Rwanda nk’indagizo mu 1923 n’Umuryango w’Ibihugu witwaga icyo gihe SDN itaraba ONU.

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(2) Abagejeje u Rwanda ku bwigenge:

Impirimbanyi eshanu z’ibanze zagize uruhare mu kugeza u Rwanda kuri Repubulika n’ubwigenge ni izi zikurikira :

1. Grégoire Kayibanda
2. Habyarimana Gitera Joseph
3. Balthazar Bicamumpaka
4. Callixte Nzabonimpa
5. Gaspard Cyimana

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(3)

(1) Kuki byitwaga “kwipakurura ingoma ya gihake na gikolonize icyarimwe”?

Ni uko ingoma ya cyami (gihake) n’iya gikolonize zombi zari izivangura,zisumbanya abaturage, zigatonesha bamwe, zigakoresha rubanda rugufi nk’abagaragu abaja n’abacakara batagira uburenganzira na bumwe.Izi ngoma zombi icyarimwe zafatanyaga mu gutsikamira rubanda.

(2) Ese ingoma ya cyami nayo yari iyo kwipakururwa?

Yego.
Kubera ko nayo yari ishingiye ku ivangura ry’amoko, ubuhake, uburetwa, no kwimika ingoma isumbanya abaturage. Rubanda rugufi (cyane cyane abatwa n’abahutu) nta burenganzira bagiraga, kandi hariho ibikorwa bya gihake n’ihohoterwa.

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(4)

(a) U Rwanda ruri muri Repubulika ya II
(b) Yatangiye ku wa 5 Nyakanga 1973
(c) Ubusanzwe Repubulika zibarwa buri gihe habayeho impinduka ikomeye mu buyobozi cyangwa mu buryo igihugu kiyobowe:

• Repubulika ya I: 1 Nyakanga 1962 – 5 Nyakanga 1973
• Repubulika ya II: kuva 5 Nyakanga 1973 kugeza ubu
• Repubulika ya III: Hari bamwe bavuga ko u Rwanda ruri muri Repubulika ya III kubera ko uburyo ruyobowemo ubu (kuva 4 Nyakanga 1994 kugeza ubu) bunyuranye cyane n’iza mbere.Bavuga ko hanabayeho amahinduka menshi cyane ku buryo igihugu kiyobowe.

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(5) Umwami wa nyuma w’ingoma ya cyami:

(a) Amazina ye bwite:Jean-Baptiste Ndahindurwa

(b) Amazina ye ya cyami: Kigeli V Ndahindurwa

(c) Amazina y’Umugabekazi: Rosalie Gicanda (yari umugore wa Mutara III Rudahigwa, kuko Kigeli V Ndahindurwa ntiyigeze ashaka umugore, nta mugabekazi wigeze yimikwa mu gihe cye)

(d) Itariki yimikiweho:28 Nyakanga 1959

(e) Itariki yatangiyeho/aho yaguye: Yapfuye ku wa 16 Ukwakira 2016 i Washington D.C., Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika

(f) Aho ashyinguye: i Mwima ya Nyanza, mu Rwanda — aho yashyinguwe mu 2017, iruhande rwa Mutara III Rudahigwa

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(6)Perezida wa Repubulika ya I y’u Rwanda

(a) Amazina bwite: Grégoire Kayibanda
(b) Amazina y’amatazirano:

1. Sebwigenge – kubera ko ari we wafashije u Rwanda kubona ubwigenge ku ya 1 Nyakanga 1962. Ni nk’ushaka kuvuga “Se w’Ubwigenge”.
2. Bwenge – bamwitaga gutyo kubera ko abantu bamufataga nk’umunyabwenge, ushishoza cyane mu mikorere no mu kuvuga ibintu byiza mu nyandiko za politiki.
3. Umubyeyi wa Repubulika – kuko ari we washinze Repubulika ya mbere mu Rwanda.
4. Sebigirwamana – izina ryerekana ko yashyize imbere Imana no kuba umukirisitu, nk’uko yabivugaga mu ndangagaciro z’igihugu gishya.

5. Sebahatari – bamwe bamwitaga gutyo kubera imyanzuro ikakaye yafata ku batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi.
6. Mukecuru wa Parmehutu – izina ry’urwenya ryaturukaga ku kuntu yayoboraga ishyaka rya Parmehutu nk’uwurengerera cyane, nk’“umukecuru w’urugo”.
7. Nyiribuyanja – izina ry’urwenya ryashingirwaga ku nyandiko nyinshi yandikaga, cyane cyane izo bise “buhanga, buhanitse” zitumvikanaga kuri bose.

8. Kayitesi – rimwe na rimwe hakoreshwaga iri zina rishingiye ku bwitonzi yagaragazaga, ariko rimwe na rimwe rikoreshwa nko gutera urwenya.
9. Sebakanguka – kubera ko yari umwe mu bayoboye impinduramatwara yo “gukangura rubanda” kuva ku ngoma ya cyami.
10. Rwagacuma rwa Parmehutu – ashushanywa nk’umwami mushya wa politiki ya Parmehutu.

(c) Amazina y’ababyeyi:

• Se: Cyimana
• Nyina: Niyongira Bibiane
  (d) Amazina y’umugore: Veridiyana Mukagatare Kayibanda
  (e) Yarahiriye: 1 Nyakanga 1962 i Kigali
  (f) Yapfuye: 15 Ukuboza 1976, yashyinguwe i Gitarama

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(7) Abaperezida ba Repubulika y’u Rwanda kugeza ubu:

Perezida	Igihe yayoboye	Iminsi/Imyaka
Grégoire Kayibanda	1962 – 1973	Imyaka 11
Juvénal Habyarimana	1973 – 1994	Imyaka 21
Théodore Sindikubwabo (by’agateganyo)	1994 (Mata–Nyakanga)	Amezi 3
Pasteur Bizimungu	1994 – 2000	Imyaka 5.5
Paul Kagame	2000 – kugeza ubu (2025)	Imyaka 25

Fata urupapuro rw’ibisubizo byose n’amanota yabyo hano:

Usanze ufite ubumenyi bungana iki ku bintu by’ingenzi byabaye mu Mateka uhereye ku ya 1 Nyakanga 1962? Kumenya Amateka ni inshingano za buri muntu wese.

Umugoroba/umunsi mwiza

Iyi si,

Umwanditsi: HAKIZIMANA Maurice IIKunkurikira kuri WhatsApp  Whatsapp https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaCyM5ILdQejDYwQ2b2u II  Kunkurikira kuri page facebook: https://www.facebook.com/professormaurice/