UBUZIMA

Tumenye indwara ya diyabete n’uko twahangana nayo

November 22, 2023
professormaurice
689 Comments
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HAKIZIMANA Maurice

Diyabete: ni izina rikomoka ki ijambo ry’ikigereki διαβήτης / diabḗtēs, « diyabete », naryo ubwaryo riva ku nshinga y’ikigereki διαβαίνω / diabaínō, « traverser (kunyura mu kintu), franchir(kwambukiranya) ».  Diyabete rero ni indwara iterwa no kunyurwamo cyangwa kwambukiranwa mu mubiri n’amasukari (glucose) awinjiramo avuye mu byo turya umunsi ku wundi. Iyo ayo masukari abaye menshi mu maraso (iyo igipimo cyayo bita glycémie cyazamutse) :iyo igipimo cy’ayo masukari cyo hejuru mu maraso,kirenze igikenewe, ni cyo bita hyperglycémie.

Hyperglycémie: ku kiremwa muntu, ufatwa nk’ufite igipimo cy’amasukari mu maraso cyo hejuru,kirenze igikenewe, iyo igipimo cya glycémie (isukari mu maraso) kiri hejuru ya 1,26 g/L (7,0 mmol/l) mu nda nsa, na 2,00 g/L (11,1 mmol/l) iyo wariye

Iyi ni indwara mbi kuko n’ubwo yo ubwayo itica, ariko itera ibibazo bikomeye umubiri,nk’ibibazo by’umutima, kuziba kw’imiyoboro y’amaraso ajya cyangwa ava mu mutima, impyiko, n’imitsi. Hari imiti ifasha umubiri guhangana nayo,ariko cyane cyane indyo ikwiriye n’imyitozo ngororamubiri nibyo bikemura iki kibazo byuzuye.

Amateka atubwira ko iyo ndwara yavumbuwe bwa mbere n’abaganga b’Abagereki Arétée de Cappadoce na Oribase, bamaze igihe bitegereza kandi bakurikirana iyi ndwara n’ibimenyetso byayo : Bahuraga n’abarwayi bababwiraga ko bari kunyara ibyo banyoye byose ako kanya, mbese nk’aho « amazi abanyuze mu mubiri adahagaze» . Ni uko bakananuka bikabije, n’ubwo babaga barya bihagije, hashira ibyumweru bike cyangwa amezi make bagapfa .

Diyabete ibamo amoko abiri: ubwoko 1 n’ubwoko 2

Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 iterwa n’umubiri ubwawo. Abasirikarer b’umubiri cyangwa sisitemu y’ubwirinzi bwawo byica utunyangingo twose dukora imisemburo yitwa insuline mu mpindura

Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 yo iterwa no guhangana k’umubiri kw’iyo insuline hamwe n’ibura ryayo (ubuke bwayo) mu mubiri , akenshi bitewe n’ingeso zitari nziza zatwokamye zo kutita ku byo turya no ku mubiri wacu .

  • Diabete yo mu bwoko(Type) 1 : umubiri ntukora insuline cyangwa ukora nke cyane.
  • Diabète yo mu bwoko(Type) 2 : umubiri ukora insuline, ariko ntuyikoreshe neza.

Hari ubwoko ba gatatu bwa diyabete bwitwa “diyabete y’ababyeyi batwite”‘ (diabète gestationnel)

Tuvuge kuri insuline: ni iki?

Insuline ni umusemburo(hormone) utuma amasukari yinjiye mu mubiri aturutse ku byo turya akoreshwa neza,akagenzura igipimo cyayo mu maraso mu buryo karemano.Iyo rero iki gipimo cy’isukari mu maraso gitumbagiye (bitewe n’ibyo twariye), impindura yohereza umusemburo wa insuline ufasha kubika neza amasukari asagutse mu mitsi no mu mwijima.

Uyu musemburo witwa insuline uramutse udahari, igipimo cy’isukari cyaba cyinshi cyane mu maraso. N’ubwo isukari yiganza cyane mu byo utunyangingo twacu dukenera , iyo isukari ikomeje kuba nyinshi cyane bihoraho mu maraso yacu bitera ibyago,cyane cyane byibasira imiyoboro y’amaraso ajya cyangwa ava mu mutima.

Ni abantu bangahe barwaye diyabete mu isi?

IGITABO cyitwa “Diabetes Atlas IDF 10TH Edition 2021” kivuga ko mu isi abantu bakuru bazwi ho diyabete bagera kuri miliyoni 537 bari mu kigero cy’imyaka 20 na 79. Abo bose ni 10,5% cy’abatuye isi bo muri icyo kigero cy’imyaka.

Mu mwaka wa 2030 imibare igaragaza ko abarwaye diyabete bazaba bageze kuri miliyoni 643 (11,3 % by’abatuye isi bo muri icyo kigero) kandi ko mu mwaka wa 2045 bazagera kuri miliyoni 783 (12,2% by’abatuye isi bo muri icyo kigero).

Abantu bamwe bavuga ibyo batazi bakunze kuvuga ko diyabete ari indwara y’abakire n’abazungu (abatuye mu bihugu bikize). Ni ukwibeshya kuko diyabete ahubwo yiganje mu bihugu no mu baturage bakennye urugero nko ku mugabane wa Afurika. Imibare igaragaza ko 90 % by’abafite diyabete batanabashije kuyivuza baherereye mu bihugu bikennye cyangwa bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere.

 Mu Bufaransa aho duherereye, iyi ndwara bayita “la maladie du siècle” (indwara y’ikinyejana) kubera ukuntu iri kuhazamuka cyane. Raporo z’ubuzima (mu kigo cy’ubwishingizi mu kwivuza) mu Bufaransa zivuga nta kwibeshya ko umubare w’abarwaye diyabete wikubye incuro ebyiri mu myaka 20, aho bavuye kuri miliyoni 1,6 mu mwaka wa 2000, ubu(muri 2023) bakaba bageze hejuru ya miliyoni 4.

Hakurya muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika,imibare (nayo ituzuye neza) igaragaraza ko abantu nibura miliyoni 30 babana n’iyo ndwara idakira. Buri mwaka abantu miliyoni 1,5 bashya bayivumburwamo.

Muri Kanada naho irahari,ariko ntikabije: abayivumbuweho ni miliyoni 2 n’igice.

Muri Afurika yose,abamaze kuyisuzumwamo bagera kuri miliyoni 25, ni ukuvuga abantu 7,1 % by’Abanyafurika bose.

Mu Rwanda, imibare ihari y’abazwi bayirwaye ni ibihumbi magana abiri na mirongo icyenda na birindwi (297,000 ) by’abantu bakuru gusa.

Sinabashije kubona imibare (ibiharuro nyabyo) y’i Burundi .

Bikomeje gutya, abantu miliyari 1,3 bazaba bayirwaye muri 2050: nk’uko byatangajwe na « The Lancet », uyu mutwaro w’iyo ndwara iza yiyongera ku zindi zitagira ingano uzaba uremereye isi, kandi ubusumbane mu mibereho,mu bihugu n’ivangura birushaho kongera ibyago byo kuyirwara.

Nabwirwa n’iki ko nafashwe na diyabete ?

Ibyiza ni ukwisuzumisha kandi biroroshye cyane: muri za laboratwari zose bafata gusa amaraso bakabirebamo.Nawe ubwawe wabyisuzumira.

Iyo mu maraso basanzemo igipimo cy’amasukari mu maraso kiri hejuru ya 1,26 g/L (7,0 mmol/l) mu nda nsa (utariye), na 2,00 g/L (11,1 mmol/l) iyo wariye,uba warafashwe.

Une patiente atteinte de diabète de type 1 utilise un système d’autosurveillance de glucose par flash, via une application. A Paris, le 21 mars 2020.
Uyu mugore arwaye diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1,aha ari gukoresha uburyo bugezweho bwo gusuzuma ibipimo by’isukari yo mu maraso ye akoresheje application ibigenewe yo muri telefoni (flash).Aha ni i Paris, mu Bufaransa,tariki ya 21 werurwe 2020. XOSÉ BOUZAS/HANS LUCAS

Ibimenyetso simusiga by’iyi ndwara?

Nk’uko nabivuze haruguru, icyica si iyi ndwara ahubwo ni ibibazo itera. Mu bibazo bigaragaza ko ufite diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 harimo: kutabasha gukira igikomere, kutumva ibigukozeho mu kirenge, kutareba neza, kwihagarika cyane,kurwara impyiko,yewe ndetse n’indwara yo guturika ku dutsi two mu bwonko itera AVC.

Iyo uyimaranye iminsi ugenda ubona ibindi bimenyetso:

None se twakwirinda gute kuzarwara diyabete hakiri kare ?

  1. Irinde umubyibuho urenze uwo ukeneye
    • Kutaryagagura, no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri
  2. Kurya indyo ikwiriye
    • Jya uhinduranya ibyo kurya
    • Rya imbuto hagati ya 5 na10 hamwe n’imboga nyinshi buri munsi
    • Ongera ibinyamafufu
    • Gabanya ibinyamavuta n’umunyu
    • Gabanya inzoga(niba uzinywa)
  3. Gira gahunda ihoraho yo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri
    • Nyeganyega nibura iminota 30 buri munsi
    • Kora siporo ikubiza icyuya
  4. Va ku itabi burundu
  5. Gabanya ibigutera guhangayika(stress)
    • Ryama ahantu hatuje aho wumva uruhutse neza,sinzira bihagije
    • Nyeganyega– niwumva uhangayitse genda n’amaguru,irukanka,kora siporo bigabanya imihangayiko(stress)
    • Jya umenya uko uhagaze: usuzuma ibipimo by’uko umutima wawe utera,fata ibizamini byo kumenya ibipimo by’amavuta mabi yo mu mubiri (nka cholestérol) hamwe n’ibipimo by’isukari yo mu maraso yawe(glucose) kenshi gashoboka.

Ibinyobwa bya coca cola n’izindi soda n’ubwo byaba byanditseho ngo «light» cyangwa ko bitarimo isukari si ibyo kwizerwa  lecomte/JCLobo – stock.adobe.com

Niba waramaze kurwara diyabete,iga uko wabana nayo amahoro, tangira gushyira izi nama umaze gusoma mu bikorwa,uzarusha ingufu iyi ndwara idakira ntiyice,maze mwibanire akaramata.

IYI SI,
Komeza gukurikira uru rubuga rwigisha uzamenya byinshi ukeneye mu buzima bwa buri munsi.
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HAKIZIMANA MAURICE ni umwarimu w’umwuga (Master II MEEF/Sciences de l’Education/Sciences sociales/Sociologie) Université Catholique de Paris/Sorbonne Université,mu Bufaransa.Wamukurikira kandi kuri : chaîne  ya Whatsapp,  Facebook, Twitter na Instagram

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