BIBILIYA

Ni nde washyize ibice n’imirongo mu gitabo cyaje kwitwa Bibiliya?

May 25, 2023
professormaurice
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HAKIZIMANA Maurice

Ese wari uzi ko iyo Bibiliya ufite irimo ibice n’imirongo byashyizwemo hanyuma? Kera basomaga ibyanditswe byera bihurutuye kandi byanditswe ku mizingo y’impu cyangwa ya papirusi. Kubona ahavuzwe byari intambara. Aya ni amateka ya Bibiliya irimo ibice (chapitres) n’imirongo(versets).Ndabanza kukwibutsa ko izina Bibiliya naryo ubwaryo ritaba mu Byanditswe Byera.

Izina Bibiliya rivuga iki? Ijambo « bibiliya»rikomoka ku ijambo ry’ikigiriki cya kera biblos cyangwa  biblion risemura irindi jambo ry’igiheburayo sépher — yombi akaba asobanura ngo « igitabo » — ari ho havuye ijambo ry’kigiriki  τὰ βιϐλία ( bibliya yawe ), mu bumwe ni « igitabo »(biblia) mu bwinshi rikavuga « ibitabo »(bibliae). Ni na yo nkomoko y’ijambo ry’igifaransa bibliothèque abenshi muzi,risobanura ikusanyirizo (cyangwa akabati, inzu )ry’ibitabo.

Ubusanzwe ibyitwa “Bibiliya” mo imbere byitwa ibyanditswe Byera! Ibyitwa “Isezerano Rishya” ni ukuvuga guhera muri Matayo kugeza mu Byahishuwe,ahandi byitwa “Ibyanditswe bya Gikristo” cyangwa “Ibyanditswe bya Kigiriki” kubera ko byanditswe ahanini mu rurimi rw’Ikigereki bikibanda ku Bukristo. Ibyitwa “Isezerano rya Kera” ni ukuvuga guhera mu Intangiriro kugeza muri Malaki ahandi byitwa “Ibyanditswe bya Giheburayo” kuko ahanini byanditswe mu rurimi rw’Igiheburayo kandi bikibanda ku bwoko n’ishyanga ry’Abaheburayo.

MU BYANDITSWE BY’IKIGIRIKI (BYA GIKRISTO) NTA BICE N’IMIRONGO BYABAGAMO

Zirikana ukuntu inyandiko z’ ‘ibyanditswe byera’ zariho mu gihe cy’Intumwa za Yesu zari zimeze. Imwe muri zo yagaragajwe aha, ni umuzingo w’igitabo cya Yesaya wavanywe mu Nyanja y’Umunyu. Urabona umeze ute? Ni umwandiko uhurutuye, utagira utwatuzo, ntunagire imibare igaragaza ibice n’imirongo dukoresha muri iki gihe.

Wibuke ko abanditse Bibiliya batayigabanyijemo ibice cyangwa imirongo. Banditse gusa ubutumwa bwose bwaturukaga ku Mana, kugira ngo uzabusoma azabusome uko buri, adasoma uduce. Ni nk’ibaruwa incuti yawe cyangwa umubyeyi wawe akwandikira. Ese ukenera kuyicamo ibice n’imirongo ifite nimero kugira ngo uyisome? Ese uko yaba ireshya kose ntuyisoma uko yakabaye, aho gusoma igice cyayo?

Ariko rero ku rundi ruhande kuba nta bice cyangwa imirongo byabonekaga mu Byanditswe Byera,byari biteje ikibazo. Urugero nk’iyo Pawulo yashakaga gusubiramo amagambo yabaga yasomye ahandi, yarivugiraga gusa ati “nk’uko byanditswe ngo” cyangwa ngo “nk’uko Yesaya yari yarabivuze” (Abaroma 3:10; 9:29). Uzi impamvu? Ni uko kubona aho ayo magambo yabaga aherereye bitabaga byoroshye. Umuntu byoroheraga ni uwabaga amenyereye cyane gukoresha “ibyanditswe byera.” Urugero ni nka hano muri Luka 4:16, 18, 19 ahavuga ko Yesu yafashe umuzingo w’igitabo cya Yesaya,inyandiko ihurutuye itaragira ibice n’imirongo,akawuzingura bimworoheye cyane akagera aho yashakaga gusoma neza cyane. Yari umuhanga bitavugwa.

Muri Luka igice cya 4: hagir hati

(….) 16 Hanyuma agera i Nazareti aho yari yararerewe, maze nk’uko yari yaramenyereye ku munsi w’isabato, yinjira mu isinagogi arahagarara ngo asome. 17 Bamuhereza umuzingo w’igitabo cy’umuhanuzi Yesaya, arawurambura abona ahantu handitswe ngo 18 “umwuka wa Yehova uri kuri jye, kuko yantoranyirije gutangariza abakene ubutumwa bwiza, yantumye gutangariza imbohe ko zibohowe, n’impumyi ko zihumuwe, no kubohora abashenjaguwe, 19 no kubwiriza umwaka wo kwemerwamo na Yehova.”20 Arangije azinga umuzingo w’igitabo, awusubiza umukozi wo mu rusengero maze aricara; abari mu isinagogi bose bari bamuhanze amaso bamutumbiriye. 21 Nuko arababwira ati “uyu munsi, ibi byanditswe mumaze kumva birashohojwe.”

Ubu biroroshye cyane. Bibiliya igizwe n’ibitabo bito 66 byateranyirijwe hamwe hanyuma bikora igitabo kimwe(ikusanyirizo). Ni yo mpamvu abasoma Bibiliya muri iki gihe, bishimira cyane kuba irimo imibare igaragaza ibice n’imirongo, bibafasha kubona amagambo bifuza, urugero nk’ayo Intumwa zagiye zisubiramo mu mabaruwa yazo,cyangwa ibyavuzwe na Yesu mu mavanjiri.

Aha ariko ntiturasubiza ikibazo cyacu “ni nde washyize ibice n’imirongo muri Bibiliya akabiha n’imibare?”

DORE UWASHYIZEMO IBICE

Yitwa Stephen Langton waje kuba Arikiyepisikopi (karidinali wa kiliziya Gaturika hagati y’umwaka wa 1207 kugeza ku rupfu rwe mu wa1228) wa Cantorbéry mu Bwongereza. Ni we wabashije guca ibice (chapitres) mu Byanditswe Byera kugira ngo bijye bitworohera kuyisoma. Ako kazi yagakoze mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 13, igihe yigishaga isomo rya tewolojiya  muri Kaminuza ya Paris mu Bufaransa aho yari porofeseri kugeza mu mwaka wa 1206.Si we wa mbere wari ubitekereje ariko ni we wabikoze neza nk’uko tubizi ubu.

Icyakora ibyo na byo byateje ikibazo. Mbere ya Langton,hari izindi ntiti zari zarashyize ibice muri Bibiliya mu buryo butandukanye. Urugero, hari abagabanyije Ivanjiri ya Mariko mo ibice bigera hafi kuri 50, aho kuba 16 nk’uko bimeze ubu. Igihe Langton yabaga i Paris, hari abanyeshuri bo mu bihugu bitandukanye bari barazanye Bibiliya zo mu ndimi zabo kavukire. Ariko abarimu n’abanyeshuri ntibashoboraga kugaragaza aho amagambo runaka  ari mu buryo bworoshye. Kubera iki? Ni uko Bibiliya bari bafite zari zigabanyijemo ibice mu buryo butandukanye.Ngiyo impamvu yatumye Langton ashyira ibice muri Bibiliya bundi bushya mbese uko uyibona muri iki gihe.

Igitabo The Book—A History of the Bible kigira kiti “abanditsi n’abasomyi bishimiye cyane ubwo buryo kandi ntibwatinze gukwirakwira hirya no hino mu Burayi”

DORE UWAJE GUSHYIRAMO IMIRONGO

Nyuma y’imyaka igera kuri 300, ahagana mu mwaka wa 1550, umuhanga mu birebana no gucapa w’Umufaransa (imprimeur) wanacapiraga umwami w’Ubufaransa icyo gihe kuva mu mwaka wa 1539 witwa Robert Estienne, yarushijeho koroshya ibintu. Yari afite intego yo gushishikariza rubanda kwiga Bibiliya. Yatekerezaga ko Bibiliya iramutse igabanyijemo ibice n’imirongo mu buryo bumwe, byarushaho koroha.

Estienne si we wadukanye igitekerezo cyo gushyira imirongo muri Bibiliya, kuko hari abandi bari barabikoze mbere ye. Urugero, imyaka ibarirwa mu magana mbere yaho, abanditsi b’Abayahudi bari barashyize imirongo mu Byanditswe by’Igiheburayo abantu bakunze kwita Isezerano rya Kera, ariko ntibashyiramo ibice. Abagabanyije Bibiliya mo imirongo na bo bari barabikoze mu buryo butandukanye.

Estienne yashyize imirongo mu Byanditswe by’ikigiriki bya gikristo, cyangwa ibyo bakunze kwita Isezerano Rishya, iza isanga iyari isanzweho yo mu Byanditswe by’Igiheburayo.

Mu wa 1553 yasohoye Bibiliya yuzuye ya mbere y’igifaransa, ifite ibice n’imirongo bihuye neza n’ibyo muri Bibiliya hafi ya zose zo muri iki gihe. Hari ababinenze bumvikanisha ko kuba Bibiliya yarashyizwemo ibice, bisa n’aho igizwe n’uduce dutandukanye tudafite icyo duhuriyeho. Ariko ubwo buryo bwahise bukoreshwa n’abandi bantu bakoraga imirimo ijyanye no gucapa.

AKAMARO BYAGIZE

Gushyira ibice n’imirongo muri Bibiliya byoroheje ibintu. Byatumye buri murongo wo muri Bibiliya ugira aho ushakirwa, mbese nk’aho umubare ugaragaza umurongo ari nomero z’agasanduku k’amabaruwa.

Ibice n’imirongo bidufasha kubona amagambo runaka yo muri Bibiliya mu buryo bworoshye no kuzirikana amagambo yadukoze ku mutima. Ni nk’aho twaca akarongo ku magambo cyangwa interuro twifuza kuzirikana mu nyandiko cyangwa mu gitabo runaka.

Nubwo kugira Bibiliya ifite ibice n’imirongo ari byiza, jya uzirikana buri gihe ko gusobanukirwa ubutumwa buturuka ku Mana bwose muri rusange ari byo byiza kurushaho.

Ikindi kandi ugomba kuzirikana ko iriya mitwe,imibare igaragaza ibice(chapitre) ,udutwe duto,n’imibare igaragaza imirongo (versets) byose bitari mu bigize ubutumwa bw’Ibyanditswe Byera. Ntabwo ari ibyahumetswe n’Imana,ni ibyongewemo hanyuma kugira ngo bigufashe kubona ibyo ushaka.

Imenyereze kujya usoma imirongo yose yegeranye, aho gusoma buri murongo ukwawo. Nubigenza utyo uzarushaho gusobanukirwa neza “ibyanditswe byera, bishobora gutuma ugira ubwenge bwo kuguhesha agakiza.”—2 Timoteyo 3:15.

Uko ibice n’imirongo byo muri Bibiliya bigaragazwa

Amagambo yo muri Bibiliya yerekana uko wabona a) izina ry’igitabo, b) Igice, c) umurongo

Kuba muri Bibiliya hari ibice n’imirongo, bidufasha kumenya aho twasanga amagambo runaka yo mu Byanditswe. Muri iyi nkuru, amagambo ngo “Yesaya 40:13,” yerekeza kuri ibi bikurikira:

  1.  igitabo: Yesaya
  2.  igice: 40
  3.  umurongo: 13
Umugore urimo asoma Bibiliya.

NB:Iyi nkuru nayikoze nifashishije ahanini urubuga rwa jw.org/rw, ibindi bintu bike byavanywe ku rubuga wikipedia na google.

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Nitwa Hakizimana Maurice

Hakizimana Maurice ni umwarimu w’umwuga (Master MEEF/Sciences de l’Education/Sociologie) Université Catholique de Paris/Sorbonne Université,akaba yigisha mu Bufaransa.Wamukurikira kandi kuri : Facebook,Twitter na Instagram

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