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ESE MARTIN LUTHER YAZANYE IVUGURURA CYANGWA BYARI UKWIVUMBURA?

May 15, 2023
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HAKIZIMANA Maurice

Yitwa Martin Luther, yavutse tariki ya 10 Ugushyingo 1483 avukira i Eisleben, mu ntara ya Saxe apfa tariki ya 18 Gashyantare 1546. Yari  umupadiri wa Kiliziya  gatulika wo mu muryango witwa Abagustini, yari umupadiri w’inzobere mu bya tewolojiya (abifitemo impamyabumenyi y’ikirenga) kandi yari umuprofeseri (umwarimu) muri Kaminuza yo mu Budage ya Wittenberg. Icvyo abantu benshi bamuziho ni uko ari we watangije protestantisme5,6,7,8 et réformateur de l’Église, ses idées exercèrent une grande influence sur la Réforme ubuhakanyi (protestantisme) yivumbura kuri Kiliziya Gatulika yari abereye umupadiri, ibintu byatangije icyo nakwita ihinduramatwara n’ihinduramyumvire ry’abazungu bo mu gice cy’iburasirazuba (civilisation occidentale). Niwe watangije idini ryamwitiriwe: ABA LUTERIYANI (abaporoso).

Amateka avuga ko uwo mupadiri wihaye imana wo mu muryango w’Abagusitini witwaga Martin Luther (1483-1546) yamanitse ibitekerezo bye 95 ku rugi rwa kiliziya y’i Wittenberg mu Budage, muri leta ya Saxe. Ibyo bitekerezo bye 95 yamanitse wabisoma ukanze hano.

Urugi rwa Kiliziya yamanitseho ibitekerezo bye 95 byo kwivumbura kuri Kiliziya

Ibyo bitekerezo 95 bya Luther yabyise Impaka zigamije gusobanura neza ububasha bwa indulugensiya. Intego ye ntiyari iyo guhinyura ubutware bwa kiliziya, ahubwo yashakaga kugaragaza ko kugurisha indulugensiya za papa ari ugukabya no kurengera. Ibyo bigaragazwa n’ibi bitekerezo bikurikira:

No “5. Papa ntafite ubushake n’ububasha bwo gusonera abantu ibihano ibyo ari byo byose, keretse gusa ibyo yatanze akurikije ububasha bwe. . . .
No 20. Ku bw’ibyo rero, iyo papa avuga ibyo gusonera abantu ibihano byose, mu by’ukuri ntaba ashaka kuvuga byose, ahubwo aba ashaka kuvuga gusa ibyo we ubwe yatanze. . . .
No 36. Buri Mukristo ufite umutima wicuza by’ukuri, afite uburenganzira bwo gukurirwaho igihano n’icyaha n’iyo yaba adafite inzandiko z’imbabazi.”

Nubwo ari ibintu 95 yatangaje yigometse kuri Kiliziya,imbarutso yabaye inyigisho ya Indulgences aho Kiliziya igurisha amasengesho yo gusabira “za roho ziri guhira muri purigatori”. Bavugaga ko “iyo igiceri kigeze mu isanduku, ubugingo na bwo buhita buva muri Purugatori.”

Ikindi gikomeye,ni uko uyu musenyeri yashakaga kurongora no kubyara.Yigometse bikomeye ku butware bwa Papa.Yaje gushakana n’umubikira bari basanzwe ari incuti mu ibanga witwa Katharina von Bora (Catherine de Bore) bubaka urugo barabyara.Niba ushaka kumenya amateka ye yose ngaya,kanda hano.

NTA KINTU CYAHINDUTSE CYANE,HAFI YA BYOSE BYAKOMEJE KUBA UKO BYAHOZE

Ni izihe ngingo z’ingenzi zatandukanyaga Aba Luthériyani n’Abagatolika? Luther yavugaga ko hari ingingo eshatu arizo (mu kilatini) yise sola fide,sola gratia,sola scriptura.

Mbere na mbere, Luther yatekerezaga ko agakiza kaboneka umuntu “abazweho gukiranuka abiheshejwe no kwizera konyine” (mu kilatini ni sola fide) ko kataboneka binyuze ku mbabazi za padiri cyangwa penetensiya.

Icya kabiri, yigishaga ko kubabarirwa bituruka ku buntu bw’Imana gusa (sola gratia), ko bidaturuka ku bubasha bw’abapadiri cyangwa ubwa ba papa.

Icya nyuma, Luther yavugaga ko ibibazo byose bifitanye isano n’inyigisho bigomba gukemurwa n’Ibyanditswe byonyine (sola scriptura), ko bitagomba gukemurwa n’abapapa cyangwa inama za kiliziya.

Igitabo The Catholic Encyclopedia kivuga ko ibyo bitabujije Luther “kugumana imyinshi mu myizerere ya kera n’imigenzo ya liturijiya, iyo yabaga ihuje n’ibitekerezo bye ku birebana n’icyaha no kubarwaho gukiranuka”.

Inyandiko y’i Augsburg yagize icyo ivuga ku myizerere y’Abaluteriyani igira iti ” Mu by’ukuri, imyizerere y’Abaluteriyani nk’uko yasobanuwe mu nyandiko y’i Augsburg, yari ikubiyemo inyigisho zidashingiye ku byanditswe, urugero nk’Ubutatu, kudapfa k’ubugingo no kubabarizwa mu muriro iteka, hamwe n’ibindi bikorwa, urugero nko kubatiza impinja n’iminsi mikuru n’ibirori bya kiliziya”.

Abaluteriyani bo basabaga ko hagira ibintu bimwe na bimwe bihinduka, abantu bakemererwa kunywa kuri divayi no kurya ku mugati mu gihe cy’igitambo cya misa, kandi umuhigo w’ubuseribateri, kuba mu bigo by’abihaye Imana no guhatira abantu kwicuza ibyaha bigakurwaho.

Nyuma y’UKWIVUMBURA kwa Martin Luther ,ukwivumbura ntikwarangiriye aho.Ubyitegereje neza, birigaragaza ko Maritin Luther yari yaracengewe n’ibitekerezo by’umwe mu babyeyi ba Kiliziya Gatolika witwa Mutagatifu Ogustini (340-430), kuko mu nyandiko ze amuvugamo inshuro 270.

Bivugwa ko na Ogustini na we yemeraga ubutware bw’ijambo ry’Imana kuruta iry’ubuyobozi bwa Kiliziya n’ubwo we atabashije kwigomeka nka Martin Luther.  Inyandiko ya Maritin Luther abantu benshi barayisomye, amacapiro yari amaze igihe gito avutse, asohora iyo nyandiko ku bwinshi. Iyo nyandiko yakwirakwijwe mu gihugu cy’Ubudage, iza kugera n’i Roma.  

Kubera gutinya kwicwa na Kiliziya, Martin Luther yahungiye mu ngoro y’i Wartburg abifashijwemo na Frédéric III de Saxe. Kugira ngo kandi batamutahura yahinduye n’izina rye yiyita “Chevalier Georges”. Benshi baketse ko yapfuye cyangwa yahunze.

Ari mu buhungiro yihishe, ni bwo yahinduye Bibiliya y’Isezerano rishya mu rurimi rw’ikidage, kugira ngo yaba umukene cyangwa umukire babashe kwisomera Bibiliya. Mbere ye,Bibiliya cyari igitabo gitagatifu cyane ku buryo umuntu utari umusaseridoti atari yemerewe kugitunga,kucyandika,kugikwirakwiza cyangwa kugisomera mu ruhame. Uwafatwaga wese yashoboraga gukatirwa igihano cyo gupfa,incuro nyinshi akicwa atwikanywe n’icyo gitabo cye! Hari hariho Urukiko rushinzwe kurinda ubutagatifu bwa Bibiliya n’uwa Kiliziya,urukiko rwitwaga Inquisition.

Martin Luther yabirenzeho,ariko byagize akamaro. Ubuhanga yakoresheje mu guhindura Bibiliya bwatumye ururimi rw’ikidage rukomera, rugira agaciro, rutangira gukoreshwa mu Budage no hanze yabwo.

Muri rusange,iyo urebye inyigisho za Martin Luther nyuma yo kwigomeka kuri Kiliziya ukareba n’inyigisho za Kiliziya Gatulika yahozemo,usanga ari zimwe nko ku kigero gisaga 90 ku ijana ku buryo abahanga mu by’Amateka n’Abahanga mu bya Bibiliya (les biblistes) bahitamo kutabyita “Ivugurura” ahubwo bayita “Ukwigomeka”! 

Muri rusange, Ivugurura ryaharaniwe na Luther n’abigishwa be ryashoboye kwigobotora ingoyi ya ba papa gusa,ntiryashoboye kuzana ukuri kw’ijambo ry’Imana ritavangiye.

Niba wifuza kumenya UKURI ku bihereranye n’izo nyigisho za Kiliziya y’Abaluteriyani n’iza Kiliziya yayibyaye, wareba hano.

YIGOMETSE KURI KILIZIYA NAWE BAMWIGOMEKAHO

Uko kwigomeka kwatumye n’abandi bamwigomekaho nyuma ye,nuko ubuprotestanti bucikamo ibice byinshi cyane nabyo bigenda bigaragaza ukwangirika kwa Kiliziya nshya ya Luther.

Urugero hari Abaluteriyani (Umwimerere wa Martin Luther), Abaperesibiteriyeni, Abanglikani, Abametodiste, Ababatista, Abadivantiste, Abapantikoti) kandi nabo ubwabo bagiye bacikamo utundi tuce twinshi tutabarika byose bitewe n’uko bamwe babona ko Ubuporotesitanti butagendera kuri rya hame rivuga ko “ibibazo byose bifitanye isano n’inyigisho bigomba gukemurwa n’Ibyanditswe byonyine (sola scriptura), ko bitagomba gukemurwa n’abapapa cyangwa inama za kiliziya“.

Martin Luther w’imyaka 41 y’amavuko yarongoye umubikira bakundanaga mu ibanga witwa Katharina von Bora  w’imyaka 26 bashyingiranwa tariki ya  13 Kamena 1525 babyarana abana 6 : Hans – wavutse mu kwa 6/1526; Elisabeth – wavutse tariki 10/12/1527, agapfa akiri uruhunja; Magdalene – wavutse 1529, agapfa afite imyaka 13 gusa; Martin – wavutse mu wa 1531; Paul – wavutse mu kwa 1/1533; na Margaret – wavutse mu wa 1534.

None se wowe urabibona gute? Ryari IVUGURURA NYARYO (reforme) cyangwa byari UKWIVUMBURA (rebellion) ?

Ibihe byiza,

Nitwa Hakizimana Maurice

Hakizimana Maurice ni umwarimu w’umwuga (Master MEEF/Sciences de l’Education/Sociologie) Université Catholique de Paris/Sorbonne Université,akaba yigisha mu Bufaransa.Wamukurikira kandi kuri : Facebook,Twitter na Instagram

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