Hakizimana Maurice
Muri iri somo turamenyamo:
(1)Isomo ku miterere y’isi inatuma habaho imitingito
(2)Ni nde Nyirabayazana w’ibiza kamere?
(3)Ibipimo bya RICHTER ni iki?
INTANGIRIRO
Igitabo Disaster! When Nature Strikes Back,cyagize kiti “Kuva kera kose mu Mateka y’iyi si, umuntu yagiye ashakisha uko yasobanura impamvu y’ibiza kamere byamwituragaho . . . yagiye ashakiriza impamvu yabyo n’ibisubizo mu nzira eshatu arizo imigenzo n’imiziririzo(folklore), imigani mihimbano(mythology), n’amadini (religion).”
Ibyo twita ibiza,ni ibintu bisanzwe.Ni ubuzima bwa “nature”(ibidukikije) karemano.Biba gusa ibyago iyo byishe abantu bikangiza n’amazu yabo n’indi mitungo yabo.Naho ubundi iyo bibereye mu cyanya cyabyo,ni ibintu bisanzwe nk’uko nawe nanjye duhumeka.
Mbere yo gushaka “Nyirabayazana”,reka dufate isomo rigufi ku bumenyi bw’isi,uyu mubumbe wacu.
ISOMO: ku miterere y’isi inatuma habaho imitingito yoroheje n’ikomeye.
Umubumbe w’isi:Isi igizwe n’imigabane harimo uwa Afurika,Uburayi, Za Amerika ebyiri,Aziya, Ositarariya na Antaragitika.
Imigabane itandukanwa henshi n’inyanja nini cyangwa nto (nigeze gutanga isomo hano ku nyanya(mer) n’inyanja(ocean) niba waracikanywe wabisoma hano.
Ingingo bisa: Inyanja(océan)itandukaniye he n’inyanja(mer)?
Ku mugabane umwe dufitemo ibihugu n’uduhugu,nabyo bikunze kugira imipaka y’ibiyaga,inzuzi,n’imigezi. Ibyo mbyibukije kugira ngo mwumve ko isi y’ubutaka dutuyeho (la planète Terre) twubakaho,tugendamo,ikikijwe hose hose n’amazi magari,inyanja,ibiyaga.Akenshi amazi akurikirwa n’ibishanga,imisozi,udusozi, n’ibibaya.
Tugomba kubana neza na “nature” (ibidukikije) kuko biraturuta.Nitwe twaje tubisanga, biraducumbikiye.Turi ubusabusa imbere ya “Nature” itangaje.
Bigenda gute kugira ngo isi itigite?
Uyu mubumbe w’isi urundarunze mu bice bitatu,bimeze nka avocat(imvoka) :
Noyau (urubuto),
Manteau( umubiri wa avoka) na
Croûte terrestre(igishishwa).
Ibyo bice bitatu ni binini cyane,birubakitse cyane. Muri croûte terrestre(igishishwa)hari igice kitwa lithosphère(ibisate)[avoka byari urugero gusa,dore ko yo ifite igishishwa kitagira ibisate nka lithosphère iyo]. Aha tugeze rero niho mu nda ibyara imitingito yoroheje(secousses) inaba kenshi ntituyumve ntitunabimenye cyangwa ikomeye(séismes/tremblements) iba ikajegeza amazu byarimba ikayakubita hasi.Ibyinshi muri ibyo bisate bya lithosphères bibarizwa mu bihande byo mu nyanja bigahita byitwa plaques océaniques.
Imitingito yaba iyo mu mazi no ku butaka ni nayo ibyara ibirunga (rimwe na rimwe) cyangwa ikazamura amazi yo mu nyanja ikayageza imusozi agenda yemye nka serwakira,aribyo bita “tsunami”.
Inkomoko ya byose ni litosphere (ibisate by’igishishwa cy’isi) binitwa plaques tectoniques.
Abaheruka mu ishuri muribuka za Les plaques tectoniques zizwi cyane nka Plaques:
Eurasiennes,
Antarctiques,
Africaines,
Pacifiques,
Nord- Américaines,
Sud Américaines,
Australiennes
Umutingito uba ryari?
Uba igihe zinyeganyeze zikikubanaho.Izo muri Turukiya na Siriya,ni ingaruka zo kwikubanaho kwa Plaques Eurasiennes na Plaques Africaines. Igihe wumva umutingito ni igihe haba bahayeho icyitwa “faille”.Iyo faille iri hagati ya plaque imwe n’iyindi bihuye. Birinyagambura bigakomanga izindi plaques continentales ( bya bisate biri hafi y’isi).Icyo gihe kaba kabaye. Kuri plaque imwe imwe haba hari urujya n’uruza rw’ubushyuhe buva muri lithosphère(hano inyuma)busubira muri manteau(muri nyina,munda y’isi igice kibamo ubushyuhe bwinshi).https://www.nationalgeographic.fr/…/dou-viennent-les…]
Ibihugu bikunze gukubitika cyane ni ibi bikurikira(mu dukubo,ni imitingito imaze kubinyeganyeza):
Ubushinwa(94),Leta zunze ubumwe wa Amerika (77), Turukiya (58), Ubuhinde (57)na Filipine (52)
Dore uko abantu bishwe n’inyubaki zabo zaguye kubera imitingito hangana.Ndabibutsa ko nta muntu n’umwe umutingito wica,oya. Bicwa n’amazu biyubakiye nabi,maze ntahangane n’imbaraga za “nature”!
1.Ubushinwa(mu ntara ya Tangshan(muri 1976) : abantu 255.000
3. Muri Siriya ( muri 1130) : abantu 230.000
4. Indonéziya (muri 2004): abantu 50.000
5. Hayiti( muri 2010): abantu 222.000
Mu bice bikurikiraho turarebera hamwe:
(2)Ni nde Nyirabayazana w’ibiza kamere?
(3)Ibipimo bya RICHTER ni iki?
Profeseri Hakizimana Maurice ni umwarimu w’umwuga warangije icyiciro gihanitse(masters Meef) mu burezi muri Université Catholique de Paris no mu bumenyamuntu muri Sorbonne Université,akaba yigisha amashuri makuru mu Bufaransa.Wamukurikira kandi kuri : Facebook,Twitter na Instagram
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