Amateka y’u Rwanda atagoretse:Amatora ya Kamarampaka (référendum) yo kuwa 25/09/1961,ibisubizo bya bimwe mu bibazo by’ingenzi.

Mwalimu HAKIZIMANA Maurice

RWANDA: Amateka y’u Rwanda atagoretse. Uyu munsi ngiye kugerageza gusubiza ibibazo bitanu byibazwa ku matora ya Kamarampaka (référendum) yo kuwa 25/09/1961 mu Rwanda; amatora yasezereye ingoma ya cyami(cyangwa ya gihake) akimika ubutegetsi bwa Repubulika u Rwanda rukigenderaho kugeza ubu. Niba hariho Repubulika y’u Rwanda, hakabaho na perezida wa Repubulika,byose tubikesha aya matora ya Kamarampaka.

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(1) Ni nde wasabye ko habaho amatora ya Kamarampaka hagati y’abashakaga ubwami n’abashakaga Repubulika ? 1pt

Igisubizo: Dukurikije inyandiko za ONU ubwazo,ku ikubitiro uwasabye ko habaho Kamarampaka ni umwami Kigeli V Ndahindurwa.[reba Resolution(umwanzuro) 1580 (XV) y’umuryango w’Abibumbye ONU cyo kuwa 20/12/1960 yabanjirijwe na Resolution 1580 (XV) yiswe “Question of the Mwami”,[Ikibazo cy’Umwami] yoherereje ONU kuwa 20/12/1960.

Umwami Kigeli V Ndahindurwa

Muri iyo myanzuri ONU yagize iti:

“Considering that a division of opinion has arisen in Ruanda-Urundi with regard to the institution of monarchy and with regard to the person of the present Mwami of Ruanda…decides that a REFERENDUM should be held … in order to ascertain the wishes of the people concerning the institution of the Mwami, and if necessary, the present Mwami of Ruanda.”

Ni ukuvuga ko ONU yabonaga ko hari ukutumvikana gukomeye ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba Ingoma ya cyami ubwayo ikomeza no ku kumenya niba ikomeje uyu mwami wariho, Kigeli akomeza kuba Umwami…
dufashe umwanzuro ko habaho amatora ya KAMARAMPAKA,ikanafata icyemezo niba Mwami Kigeli akomeza.

(2)Ibibazo byabazwaga rubanda mu matora byari ibihe kandi se byateguwe na nde? 3 pts

Igisubizo: Resolution ya L’ONU No 1605 (XV), yo kuwa 21/04/1961 aho ibibazo byatanzwe na Kigeli ubwe byemejwe! Ingingo ya 7 y’icyo cyemezo igira iti:

“1. Do you wish to retain the institution of the Mwami in Rwanda?”

“2. If so, do you wish Kigeli V to continue as the Mwami of Rwanda?”

Mu gifaransa cy’inyandiko ya ONU:

1. « Désirez-vous conserver l’institution du Mwami au Rwanda ? »
2. « Dans l’affirmative, désirez-vous que Kigeli V reste le Mwami du Rwanda ? »

Mu kinyarwanda ni:

1. « Ese wifuza ko Ingoma ya cyami igumaho mu Rwanda ? »
2. « Niba ubyifuza se,wifuza ko Kigeli V aba ari we ukomeza kuba Umwami w’u Rwanda ? »

Ubwo Abanyarwanda bitabiraga amatora ya Kamarampaka tariki 25 Nzeri 1961

(3) Kamarampaka yabaye tariki zingahe? 1pt

Igisubizo: Raporo ya L’ONU yemeza ko Kamarampaka yabaye ku wa 25/09/1961, ihurirana n’amatora y’Abadepite. Dore ibyavuye muri ayo matora.Amatora yabaye mu bibazo bibiri babitandukanyije neza neza nk’uko Umwami Kigeli yabyifuje.Ku kibazo cya mbere, dore amajwi yabaruwe (nk’uko biboneka mu bushyinguranyandiko bwa ONU kugeza na n’ubu):

Abatoye YEGO: 253,963
Abatoye OYA: 1,006,339
Imfabusa: 14,329
Abiyandikishije gutora bose: 1,337,342

Ni ukuvuga ko 20.15% batoye “Yego” [bashakaga ubwami] naho 79.85% batora “Oya” [badashaka ingoma ya cyami]. Raporo y’umwaka wa ONU ivuga mu ncamake ko amatora yitabiriwe ku kigero cya 95% by’abiyandikishije, kandi ko 80% by’amajwi yemewe kuri ibyo bibazo byombi yari “OYA”.

(4) Ni ayahe mashyaka yashakaga ubwami,ni ayahe yashakaga Repubulika? 3pts

Igisubizo:

1. Ishyaka L’UNAR (Union Nationale Rwandaise) ryari ku ruhande rw’umwami, niryo ryakoze mitingi rishishikariza “rubanda” kwemeza ko ubwami bugumaho
2. Ishyaka rya MDR PARMEHUTU ryo ryashakaga impinduka ryifuzaga Repubulika (Republican system) ubutegetsi bukava mu biganza by’umwami uganje wica agakiza bukajya muri rubanda.
3. Ishyaka APROSOMA naryo,kimwe PARMEHUTU ryashakaga ko Ingoma ya cyami ivaho,rubanda ikagira ijambo! Nabo bamamaje Repubulika.
4. Ishyaka RADER ryo ryari hagati no hagati (imberabyombi): ryavugaga ko nta kibazo “haje Repubulika cyangwa hagumyeho ubwami ariko bugahinduka“. Urebye bashagaka ko ubwami bugumaho ariko umwami wariho agakurwaho n’imikorere y’umwami igasirimuka.

(5)Abatsinzwe amatora babyakiriye gute ? 2pts

Igisubizo:Nabi, nabi cyane!

Aha ni naho Abanyamateka atabogamye bemereza ko igihugu cyatangiye inzira njyakuzimu. Kamarampaka yabaye ku 25 Nzeri 1961.Mu ntangiriro z’Ukwakira 1961,Inteko nshya yatangaje ko u Rwanda ari Repubulika BIDASUBIRWAHO, maze Grégoire Kayibanda atorerwa kuba Perezida.

Soma kandi:Profeseri Gregoire Kayibanda,Perezida wa I wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda yari muntu ki?

Ariko Kigeli yanze ibyavuye mu matora,yanze kuba umuturage usanzwe wa Repubulika wenda ngo nawe ahatanire undi mwanya cyangwa yigumire iwe! Muri make kuwa 25 Nzeri 1961 habaye Kamarampaka
maze ku wa 2 Ukwakira 1961 Kigeli asohoka mu Rwanda. Kuva ubwo, Kigeli ntiyigeze agaruka gutura mu Rwanda ngo abe rubanda.

Hari inyandiko n’ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko yatemberaga mu ndege hagati ya Dar es salaam Bujumbura na Kinshasa!

Yakomeje gutakira L’ONU, ayibwira ko atemera ibyavuye mu matora mu gihe we na benshi mu bagize ishyaka rye, n’abatware be, n’imiryango yabo BASOHOTSE MU GIHUGU.

Nyuma L’ONU yaramusubije,muri Resolution 1744, ivuga ko amatora ya KAMARAMPAKA ari ntakuka, ko yagenze neza, kandi ko byarangiye u Rwanda ari Repubulika maze l’ONU iyi ahubwo «ikibazo cy’ahazaza ha Mwami Kigeli kigomba gushakirwa “mutually acceptable” solution [igisubizo kivuye mu biganiro n’ubwumvikane bushoboka] ariko hitabwa kuri Kamarampaka n’ibyavuye muri yo.

L’ UNAR yose yahunze Repubulika ako kanya? Oya.

Hari igice cya L’UNAR cyagumye mu gihugu. Amateka yanditswe agaragaza ko icyo gice cyagumye mu Rwanda;cyemeye ubutegetsi bushya; bamwe mu banyamuryango bacyo batorewe imyanya muri Repubulika, kandi hari inyandiko yemewe y’ishyaka rya L’UNAR yo mu Rwanda ivuga ko yemeye régime démocratique (ubutegetsi bwa demukarasi) n’inzego nshya za Repubulika kandi ko yiteguye gukorana n’ubutegetsi.

Ariko ikindi gice cy’ingenzi cya L’UNAR, kiganjemo abaheza inguni (abatagondeka, abadashaka kuba mu gihugu kitagira umwami ) basohotse ku bwinshi bigira hanze y’igihugu kuba impunzi, banga kwemera ibyavuye mu matora, basaba ko asubirwamo ko haba andi matora kandi bakomeza kuvuga ko bazabana cyangwa bagapfana n’umwami Kigeli.

L’ONU yarabakiriye,bari bohereje intumwa ziyobowe na François Rukeba, “ceyamani” wa L’UNAR ikorera mu buhungiro i Bukavu, bazanye n’abandi batutsi bahoze ku ngoma babaga mu buhungiro. L’ONU yarabashwishwurije ibabwira ko amatora yabaye mu mucyo, ko Ingoma ya cyami yasezerewe burundu na rubanda!

Ahubwo L’ONU yasabye ko habaho amasezerano hagati ya guverinoma nshya y’u Rwanda na L’UNAR yabaye ku wa 8 Gashyantare 1962, aho guverinoma ya Kayibanda yemereye abemera bagaruka mu Rwanda kuza bagafatanya kubaka urwababyaye!Ababyanze bagumye mu buhungiro, ababishaka barahungukaga umwe umwe, cyangwa bakajya mu Rwanda gutembera no gusura imiryango yabo yasigaye !

Abagumye mu mahanga badakozwa ibyo gufatanya kurwubaka n’abahoze ari rubanda, abagaragu, barisuganyije, bakora umutwe w’inyeshyamba ziswe Inyenzi,bagerageza gutera u Rwanda ngo basubirane byose ariko birananirana, umutwe wa politike wa L’UNAR uhindurwa RANU, nyuma RANU ihindurwa RPF cyangwa FPR Inkotanyi,ni uko amaherezo ku iya 1 ukwakira 1990 bamaze kwisuganya neza no kugira ubushobozi, batera u Rwanda ubudasubira inyuma,bafata ubutegetsi bwose ku ya 4 Nyakanga 1994 mu muvu w’amaraso menshi. Ibyakurikiyeho murabizi.

UTABA AMATEKA NTABONA ITAKA 🫵

Iyi si:

Mwalimu Hakizimana Maurice ni umwarimu (enseignant) umusemuzi n’umuhinduzi (traducteur-interprète) n’umwanditsi (écrivain) ukorera i Paris,mu Bufaransa.

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