By prof HAKIZIMANA Maurice
Abanyarwanda baba mu mahanga muri iki gihe bakunze kwitwa mu Rwanda izina rizwi cyane ry’ umudiyasipora, ari byo bisobanura, bifashwe uko byakabaye ngo « umuntu wo muri diaspora ». Iri jambo rimaze kumenyerwa, cyane cyane risobanura umunyarwanda uba mu Burayi, muri Kanada cyangwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
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Ariko umudiyasipora si izina gusa. Iri jambo rifitanye isano n’imyumvire, ibitekerezo, imvugo zishingiye ku bantu, ibyifuzo ndetse n’ibintu bivuguruzanya. Mu Rwanda, « umudiyasipora » si umuntu gusa uba mu mahanga; ni n’umuntu abantu bakunze guha ishusho y’uko yageze ku iterambere, afite amafaranga ndetse, rimwe na rimwe, akaba afite ubuzima abandi bifuza.
(1) Ni “umukire” usarura amafaranga ku giti
Mu myumvire isanzwe mu Rwanda, abantu bo mu bihugu by’i Burengerazuba bakunze gufatwa nk’abakire, “abazungu”, “abagashize”. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umudiyasipora ashobora kuba Umunyarwanda uwo ari we wese, yaba umugabo cyangwa umugore, yaba muto cyangwa mukuru, ariko abantu bakamufata nk’umukire kubera gusa ko aba mu Burengerazuba bw’isi (ku mugabane w’iburayi na Amerika).
Bamwe bamubonamo umuntu ubona amafaranga mu buryo bworoshye uba aho basarura amafaranga ku biti, bivuga ko bayabona nko kuyatoragura, mu buryo bworoshye kandi akaba ashobora kuyakoresha ku bwinshi, nk’aho nta mbaraga cyangwa akazi gakomeye bisaba kugira ngo ayabone.
Umunyarwanda uba mu mahanga wese ashobora kubihamya. Ku giti cyanjye, nabonye urugero rwabyo mu buryo bukomeye ubwo umwe mu nshuti zanjye yatangazwaga no kuba ntamwohererezaga buri gihe amafaranga menshi. Yasaga n’uwemera ko mu Burayi amafaranga ari menshi ku buryo umuntu ashobora kuyabona hafi aho, nk’aho yajya hasi akayatoragura ku muhanda.
Ni muri urwo rwego umudiyasipora yagiye aba umwe mu bagize ubuzima bwa buri munsi ndetse n’ibiganiro by’abantu. Kugirana ubucuti n’« umudiyasipora » bifatwa nk’amahirwe akomeye, cyangwa se nk’amahirwe umuntu atagomba gucikwa.
Mu bakobwa bato kimwe no mu basore, inzozi zo kugira « umudiyasipora » nk’umukunzi cyangwa umugabo n’umugore nazo zisa n’izimaze gukwira cyane.
Bityo rero, ishusho y’« umudiyasipora » ntikigarukira ku muntu ufatwa nk’umukire gusa. Yabaye kandi umuntu abantu bamwe bifuza, ikimenyetso cy’uko umuntu yageze ku ntsinzi, ndetse kuri bamwe ikaba inzira ibaganisha ku buzima bwiza.
(2) Izina “umudiyasipora” ryamaze kwinjira mu buvanganzo nyarwanda
Iyi shusho y’umudiyasipora inagaragara mu bihangano by’ubuvanganzo n’ubuhanzi nyarwanda, cyane cyane mu nkuru n’amashusho asekeje menshi akwirakwizwa kuri za YouTube.Nanone ubwanjye nkunda cyane ubu bwoko bw’ibihangano, kandi namaze kubwandikaho inkuru nise Abanyarwanda bafite impano idasanzwe.
Uko iminsi ishira, ibi bihangano birushaho gukoresha ishusho y’umudiyasipora kugira ngo biseke ku myitwarire n’imigirire ye iyo agarutse mu Rwanda.
Bimwe muri byo binaha urw’amenyo abakobwa n’abasore badatinya gukoresha amafaranga yabo yose, ndetse rimwe na rimwe bakamara utwabo twose, bizeye gusa ko bazashobora kwegukana umutima w’umudiyasipora.
Ariko rimwe na rimwe ibyo abantu batekereza ntibiramba. Inyuma y’inzozi z’ubukire n’ubuzima bwiza, hashobora kuvumbuka umuntu utandukanye cyane n’ishusho abantu bari baramwubatsemo: «umudiyasipora w’umukire» usanga, mu buryo butangaje, yarabaye umunyamahanga ukennye ndetse no mu gihugu cye bwite.
Mu gice cyiswe Diaspora Part 1 cyashyizwe kuri YouTube, umunyarwenya Bijiyobija, uwo nigeze kuvugaho mu kindi kiganiro, agaruka mu Rwanda aho umukunzi we aba amutegereje ashishikaye.
Yifuza cyane kumwereka nyina, ariko nyina we ntasa n’uwemera byimazeyo ibyo uyu witwa « diaspora » avuga.
Kugira ngo akomeze guhisha ukuri ku buzima bwe bwo mu mahanga, Bijiyobija yigira nk’uwibagiwe ururimi rw’Ikinyarwanda, maze akavuga Icyongereza nacyo kidasukuye.
Ariko ayo mayeri ye amaherezo aramushirana: imyenda ye itamubereye neza kandi yuzuyemo inda n’ibiryi ihishura ukuri ku buzima bwe.
Amaze kuvumburwa, nta yandi mahitamo yari agifite uretse gusubira kuvuga Ikinyarwanda, kandi bigaragara ko akizi neza cyane, maze akemera ko ubuzima bwamugoye, haba mu Rwanda ndetse no mu mahanga iyo yari yaragiye kuba “umudiyasipora”.
(3) Ukuri: ishusho benshi bafite ku mudiyasipora inyuranye n’uko abayeho
Umudiyasipora, nk’uko twabivuze, ni Umunyarwanda wavuye mu gihugu, cyane cyane kubera impamvu za politiki cyangwa iz’ubukungu.
Iyo turebye amashusho n’imyumvire bitandukanye bimuvugwaho, umudiyasipora agaragara nk’umuntu ufite ishusho ivugwaho ibintu byinshi kandi bivuguruzanya mu mitekerereze y’Abanyarwanda bo muri iki gihe.
Ni umuntu wavuye mu gihugu ajya gushakira ahandi uburyo bwo kubaho no kwibeshaho, ariko nanone iyo agarutse mu gihugu cye, abantu bamugiraho ibyifuzo byinshi, bakamwifuza, ndetse rwose ishusho benshi bafite ku mudiyasipora inyuranye n’uko abayeho.
Kuba iyi shusho y’umudiyasipora yaramenyekanye cyane mu biganiro bya buri munsi no mu bihangano by’ubuhanzi bigaragaza, mu buryo bumwe, imibereho y’ubukungu n’imibereho rusange y’igihugu.
Mu gihe Abanyarwanda benshi bariho mu buzima butaboroheye, ibyiringiro n’ibyifuzo byabo bisanzwe byerekeza ku bantu bahisemo, cyangwa se byabaye ngombwa ko, baba mu mahanga.
Ibyo byifuzo birushaho gukomera kubera ko Abanyarwanda baba mu mahanga bakunze koherereza udufaranga imiryango yabo yasigaye mu gihugu.
Aya mafaranga yoherezwa mu gihugu, na yo agira uruhare mu kongera gukomeza ishusho y’umudiyasipora mu mitekerereze y’abantu, ishusho ishobora rimwe na rimwe kuba iri kure cyane y’ukuri k’ubuzima bwe.
Hari n’abagize diaspora bagaruka mu Rwanda baje mu biruhuko cyangwa gusura imiryango yabo bakagira uruhare mu gukomeza kubaka mu bantu iyo shusho, kubera ko berekana ubuzima bushashagirana ariko mu by’ukuri bunyuranye cyane n’uko ubuzima bwabo nyakuri bushobora kuba bumeze iyo mu mahanga.
(4) Ukuri k’ubuzima bw’umudiyasipora mu ngingo eshatu
Urwenya rukunze gukorwa ku mudiyasipora ahanini ruterwa n’ishusho abantu bamufiteho n’ukuri k’ubuzima bwe, kandi uko kuri akaba rimwe na rimwe aba ashaka kuguhisha.
Uwo mudiyasipora abantu batekereza ko yagashize ashobora kuba afite amadeni menshi; uwo muntu benshi batekereza ko yamaze kumenyera no kugira ubuzima bwiza mu Burayi n’Amerika ashobora kuba ariho mu buzima bugoye; uwo muntu abantu baba bategerejeho guhora afasha abandi gusa gusa na we ashobora cyane kuba ari we ubwe ukeneye gufashwa.
Bityo rero uwo mudiyasipora aba ari hagati y’ukuri k’ubuzima twavuga mu ngingo eshatu: ukuri k’ubuzima nyabwo abamo mu mahanga, ukuri ahitamo kugaragaza iyo agarutse mu gihugu, n’ukuri abantu bo mu Rwanda batekereza cyangwa bamwitegaho.
Muri ubwo buryo, « umudiyasipora » abantu benshi bibonamo nk’umuntu w’igitangaza mu by’ukuri kose ni umunyarwanda urwanirwamo n’ibyo abamo, ibyo ahitamo kugaragaza n’ibyo abandi bamwitegaho.
Umudiyasipora ugarutse mu Rwanda,ifoto yo kwifashisha gusa yacuzwe na AI
Source www.afrik.com : Article redigé initialement par Faustin Kabanza penseur et chroniqueur engagé, particulièrement attentif aux questions sociopolitiques, intellectuelles et humaines liées à l’Afrique, notamment à l’Afrique centrale. Linguiste et éducateur spécialisé de formation, il s’intéresse à la transmission du savoir et aux dynamiques culturelles et sociales du continent
Iyi si,
Mwalimu Hakizimana Maurice ni umwarimu (enseignant) umusemuzi n’umuhinduzi (traducteur-interprète) n’umwanditsi (écrivain) ukorera i Paris,mu Bufaransa.
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