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French government collapse turns the screws on Macron! Michel Barnier becomes the shortest-lived Prime Minister of the Fifth Republic.

December 4, 2024
professormaurice
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HAKIZIMANA Maurice

PARIS — The collapse of France’s government on Wednesday night means it now finally falls to President Emmanuel Macron to step up and confront a snowballing political and economic crisis that risks sending shock waves across the eurozone.  

After a heated debate in the National Assembly — marked by raucous jeers and boos — 331 of France’s 577 lawmakers voted to oust Prime Minister Michel Barnier in a vote of no confidence after he tried to force through an austere budget to fix the country’s yawning deficits.   
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FRANCE-POLITICS-GOVERNMENT-PARLIAMENT
Right- and left-wingers joined forces to pass a vote of no confidence in Michel Barnier’s government. | Alain Jocard/AFP via Getty Images

Once he formally resigns, Barnier will become the shortest-lived prime minister in the history of the modern French republic and the first to be booted out by parliament since 1962.  The political chaos led a growing number of lawmakers to demand the resignation of Macron, whose term lasts until 2027. That would be an almost unprecedented move in modern French politics. 
 
In a speech before the vote, far-right leader Marine Le Pen said Macron would “sacrifice the fate of France because of his vanity” if he failed to step aside.  

“Emmanuel Macron has attacked the foundation walls of the nation for the past seven years,” Le Pen said, earning a round of applause from her troops as they tried to drown out the boos from Barnier’s allies. “He alone can pull the country out of the rut it’s in [with his resignation].” 

Speaking for the pan-left New Popular Front, Éric Coquerel, head of the finance committee in the National Assembly, said Macron “must listen to the calls for his resignation growing from all sides.”  

“Today we are voting to censure your government, but more than anything else, we are sounding the death knell of a mandate: that of the president,” Coquerel said.  

Ninety days: appointed on September 5, Michel Barnier will have remained Prime Minister for three months. Not even half the time spent by Gabriel Attal – current affairs included – at Matignon. But also much less than Bernard Cazeneuve, until now holder of the “title” of the shortest-lived Prime Minister of the Fifth Republic: he remained in office for a little over five months (160 days), at the end of François Hollande’s mandate.

As the crisis — largely triggered by Macron’s knee-jerk call for a snap election this summer — mounted to fever pitch, the president stayed on the sidelines.

He arrived back at the Élysée palace from Saudi Arabia only just before his government collapsed and will now need to take the helm himself, not least by proposing a new prime minister who can right the ship and prove that the EU’s second-largest economy has not become ungovernable. 

Barnier himself accused the lawmakers of acting irresponsibility by bringing down his government.  

“I cannot accept the idea that institutional destabilization could be the objective that brings together a majority of lawmakers at a moment when our country faces a deep moral, economic, financial and civic crisis,” he said before the vote.  

There’s nothing, however, to suggest it would be easier to form a government capable of winning the endorsement of a parliament split three ways than it was three months ago. Dissolution is also not an option, as Macron can’t call new elections until summer 2025. 

In the immediate term, France must prepare for uncharted territory.  

The country will almost certainly enter the new year without a budget, and while Barnier could be asked to stay on as a caretaker and put forward emergency laws, such measures would do nothing to bring down a deficit — currently projected at 6.1 percent of gross domestic product — that have frightened financial markets and drawn rebuke from Brussels. 

Investors deemed France as risky an investment as Greece after weeks of concern that the political crisis could evolve into a financial one if lawmakers could not agree to Barnier’s prescription of a bitter potion of fiscal prudence and old-fashioned austerity measures.  

The political upheaval could hardly come at a worse time for Europe, which is in dire need of leadership to confront challenges ranging from the return of Donald Trump to the White House to the conflict in Ukraine and a potential trade war with China. Germany, the other half of the engine that powers the continent, is ill-equipped to take the reins while struggling with its own political mess and a sputtering economy.  

Victor Goury-Laffont and Giorgio Leali contributed to this report.  

This world,

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