Author: HAKIZIMANA Maurice
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What are potato eyes?
When preparing potatoes, small dark pits or spots can often be seen on their surface. These are called potato eyes.Scientifically, they are known as axillary buds (or meristems). These buds produce sprouts, from which new potatoes can grow.
Why can they be harmful?
Potato eyes, as well as some potatoes as a whole, may contain a toxic substance called solanine.
Solanine is a natural glycoalkaloid toxin produced by the potato plant as a defense mechanism.
High levels of solanine are commonly found in potatoes that are:
- Green or greenish (exposed to light),
- Sprouted,
- Damaged or partially rotten,
- Especially around the eyes and sprouts.
Health risks associated with solanine
Consuming potatoes with high levels of solanine may cause:
- Nausea,
- Vomiting,
- Headaches,
- Abdominal pain and digestive disorders,
- Severe fatigue,
- Dizziness.
In cases of repeated consumption or high exposure, solanine can lead to serious poisoning, particularly in children, older adults, and vulnerable individuals.
How to reduce the risk
To minimize health risks related to solanine, it is recommended to:
- Carefully remove all potato eyes and sprouts before cooking.
- Cut away and discard any green parts.
- Avoid eating potatoes that are:
- green,
- sprouted,
- heavily damaged or rotten.
- Store potatoes in a cool, dry, and dark place, away from light.
- Avoid long-term storage.
Public health message
Potatoes are a nutritious and valuable food when properly stored and prepared.
Simple precautions during storage and preparation can prevent avoidable health risks and protect consumers.
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