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Ce jour dans l’Histoire: le président Maréchal Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu wa Za Banga quitte définitivement le pays,Kinshasa dans les mains des rebelles

May 18, 2024
professormaurice
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HAKIZIMANA Maurice

Nous sommes en dates du 18 mai 1997, le Maréchal Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu wa Za Banga quitte définitivement le sol zaïrois. Il n’y retournera plus jamais et mourra au Maroc 4 mois plus tard. Kinshasa, capitale du Zaïre, venait d’être investie par les hommes de Laurent-Désiré Kabila le même jour (17 mai).

Ecrit du témoignage du Major Ngani (Chef-Adjoint de la Garde présidentielle du Président Mobutu) et de quelques éléments tirés de “Ainsi Sonne Le Glas. Les derniers jours du Maréchal Mobutu” d’Honoré Ngbanda (ex-chef des Renseignements du Président Mobutu).

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Maréchal Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu wa Za Banga

Deux jours auparavant (16 mai 1997), alors que les troupes de la Division Spéciale Présidentielle (DPS) vaincues à Kenge refluaient sur Kinshasa, tous les généraux de Mobutu avaient compris que plus rien n’empêcherait aux troupes de Laurent-Désiré Kabila (Alliance des forces démocratiques pour la libération du Congo ) d’entrer dans la capitale, Kinshasa. Les Généraux Likulia, Mahele, Nzimbi, Ilunga (ministre de l’Intérieur) et Vungbo (Garde civile) lui disent clairement : “Nous ne pouvons plus garantir votre sécurité”. Vers 10h, Mobutu et une grande partie de sa famille sont sur l’aéroport de Ndjili où un Boeing 737 de la présidence, piloté par le Commandant Mukandila, les attend. Direction : Kawele (village de Mobutu, dans sa province natale de l’Equateur, où il s’était fait construire un gigantesque palais).

Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu wa Za Banga (né Joseph-Désiré Mobutu ) dans les années 1960.

Tôt le matin du 17 mai 1997, le capitaine Kongulu Mobutu (fils du Président Mobutu Sese Seko, très connu au Zaïre sous “Saddam Hussein”) appelle son papa depuis Brazzaville où il venait d’arriver avec les derniers membres de la famille qui n’avaient pas pu faire le déplacement de Gbadolite et Kawele la veille. Il demande à Mobutu de leur envoyer l’avion présidentiel depuis Gbadolite, afin que tous les membres de la famille regroupés à Brazzaville rejoignent Mobutu où il sera. Mobutu instruit son aide de camp, le Major Ngani : envoyer rapidement l’avion présidentiel à Brazzaville. C’est au Commandant Mukandila, Chef d’équipage, que la tâche est confiée. On lui remet aussi la somme de 13.000$ pour l’achat du carburant à Brazzaville et le payement d’autres frais aéroportuaires.

Vers 10h30, Mukandila atterrit à Brazzaville où tous les autres membres de la famille Mobutu attendent impatiemment de monter à bord de l’avion. Surprise : Mukandila refuse d’embarquer qui que ce soit. Il informe Kongulu Mobutu (alias “Saddam Hussein”) qu’il a décidé de se mettre à la disposition du nouveau régime et qu’il va ramener l’avion présidentiel à Kinshasa, pour servir le nouveau Chef de l’Etat, Laurent-Désiré Kabila. Kongulu Mobutu informe son père de l’attitude affichée et des propos tenus par l’équipage de l’avion présidentiel. Furieux, Mobutu téléphone alors son ami Gnassingbé Eyadema, Président du Togo. C’est Eyadema qui enverra rapidement un avion récupérer la famille de Mobutu à Brazzaville. Direction : Lomé.

A Kawele, la situation est tendue. Bien que Mobutu soit en sécurité sur les terres de ses ancêtres dans la province de l’Equateur, Kinshasa, la capitale, est déjà aux mains des rebelles de Laurent-Désiré Kabila. Les rebelles ne tarderont pas à chercher à s’emparer de Gbadolite également. Dans la soirée de ce 17 mai, le Major Ngani, Chef-Adjoint de la Garde présidentielle du Président Mobutu) entend des coups de feu. Inquiet, il prend avec lui quelques éléments de la Division Spéciale Présidentielle (DSP, l’Unité chargée de la protection du Président Mobutu) et une jeep équipée d’une mitrailleuse et va jusqu’à Gbadolite (environ 13Km de Kawele, ce petit coin où Mobutu avait construit son palais). Le Major Ngani remarque que toute la ville s’est vidée de ses habitants. Le Major Ngani va foncer jusqu’à 3 km de la cité de Mobayi-Mbongo. C’est là qu’il croise des militaires de la DSP, envoyés à Yakoma pour stopper l’avancée des militaires de l’AFDL, commencer à rebrousser chemin. Ils sont très en colère. Ils disent ne pas comprendre comment leur Commandant (le Général Etienne Nzimbi) les avait envoyé à la mort au front, alors que lui-même avait déjà fui le pays. Personne ne veut se battre.

Inquiet, le Major Ngani fait demi-tour et rentre en toute hâte à Kawele. Il fait rapport au Président Mobutu de la menace que constitue maintenant pour lui les éléments de sa propre garde. Mais Mobutu et sa famille ne veulent plus partir. C’est le colonel Motoko (chef de la sécurité de Mobutu) et son fils Nzanga qui les raisonneront finalement. Mais Mobutu n’a plus d’avion avec lui, à Kawele. Son avion est bloqué à Brazzaville par le Commandant Mukandila qui s’est mis à la disposition des nouvelles autorités. Le Major Ngani va alors se dépêcher vers l’aéroport de Gbadolite où on lui apprend qu’un gros porteur Iliouchine appartenant au rebelle angolais Jonas Savimbi s’apprête à décoller. En effet, conscient de la chute du régime Mobutu, Jonas Savimbi avait dépêché ce gros porteur à Gbadolite récupérer son matériel militaire qui y était stocké. C’est donc le dernier avion disponible pour évacuer Mobutu. Le Major Ngani va empêcher le décollage de l’avion en arrêtant sa jeep devant l’aéronef.

Selon les détails fournis dans le témoignage du Major Ngani, c’est tôt vers 4 heures du matin (nous sommes déjà le 18 mai 1997), que Mobutu avait fini par accepter d’être évacué. Mais son épouse, Mama Bobi Ladawa, va se mettre à pleurer en disant qu’elle ne partira nulle part. Le colonel Motoko, Chef de la garde présidentielle, essaiera de la calmer, expliquant à l’épouse de Mobutu que si elle refusait de monter dans le véhicule, il allait lui tirer une balle dans la tête et ensuite, il se tuerait lui-même. Devant cette situation tendue, le Dr Byamungu, un des médecins traitant de Mobutu, aurait carrément poussé l’épouse de Mobutu dans le véhicule. Le colonel Motoko est au volant, Nzanga Mobutu, l’un des fils de Mobutu, est assis à côté du conducteur et le président Mobutu sur le siège arrière. Les autres membres de la famille suivent dans les autres véhicules.

Une fois à l’aéroport, l’équation se pose sur comment embarquer. Comme le gros porteur était un avion cargo, il n’y avait pas de sièges pour passagers. C’est ainsi qu’on prendra la décision de faire voyager Mobutu dans sa voiture Mercedes embarquée dans l’avion. Il est déjà vers 5h du matin, le 18 mai 1997. Pendant les 3 heures de vol entre Gbadolite et Lomé (Togo), Mobutu restera cloitré dans sa limousine embarquée dans l’avion cargo. A son arrivée à Lomé, Mobutu et sa suite sont pris en charge par le Président togolais, Gnassingbé Eyadema. Mobutu fera 5 jours à Lomé, avant de trouver, enfin, refuge chez son vieil ami Hassan II, Roi du Maroc. C’est le 23 mai 1997 que Mobutu débarque à Rabat, accompagné de sa femme (Bobi Ladawa) et de 56 personnes de sa famille et de son entourage proche.

Dans un premier temps, le séjour au Maroc de Mobutu sera annoncé comme devant être bref. Mais le refus de la France, de l’Afrique du Sud et du Portugal de l’accueillir finira par convertir l’exil marocain en séjour définitif. Mobutu et la cinquantaine de personnes qui l’accompagnent resteront quelques semaines dans un hôtel de la petite ville balnéaire de Skhirat (25km de Rabat). Puis, en début juin, Mobutu, accompagné de sa famille et de sa suite, vont se replier à Tanger (au nord du Maroc). Le Roi Hassan II avait mis une résidence à leur disposition. L’état de santé de Mobutu, qui souffrait d’un cancer de la prostate à un stade avancé, aggravé de complications cardiaques, était à ce moment-là qualifié de critique. La détérioration de son état de santé va l’obliger à retourner à Rabat. Vers la fin du mois de juillet 1997, Mobutu est admis à l’hôpital Avicenne de Rabat pour y être soigné de saignements dus aux suites de son cancer. C’est là, à Rabat, que Mobutu décédera le 7 septembre 1997, à l’âge de 66 ans. Il sera inhumé dans un modeste tombeau au cimetière européen de Rabat.

Ainsi “le tout puissant Mobutu ” quittant le pays dont il pensait être son bien particulier, il le laissa en feu, impuissant de faire quoi que ça soit pour le sauver ou se sauverlui-même, mourra et on l’enterra à l’étranger, les zaïrois (desormais congolais) commencèrent à l’oublier.

Ce monde,

HAKIZIMANA Maurice: II Pour suivre mes publications sur  Whatsapp https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaCyM5ILdQejDYwQ2b2u II Pour me suivre sur facebook: https://www.facebook.com/professormaurice/

NB: Ce texte a ete publié par Benjamin Babunga Watuna

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