Chimie: H₂O versus H₂O₂

HAKIZIMANA Maurice

Scénario : Deux hommes entrent dans un bar. L’un commande H₂O l’autre dit « H₂O too» en anglais. Le deuxième meurt, pourquoi ?

II Suivre ma chaine Whatsapp https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaCyM5ILdQejDYwQ2b2u II Suivrez ma page facebookhttps://www.facebook.com/professormaurice/

L’eau (H₂O) et le peroxyde d’hydrogène (H₂O₂) sont tous deux composés d’hydrogène et d’oxygène, mais leurs structures et propriétés diffèrent considérablement en raison de l’atome d’oxygène supplémentaire dans le peroxyde d’hydrogène.

H₂O: L’eau


L’eau est une molécule composée de deux atomes d’hydrogène et d’un atome d’oxygène. Elle a une structure courbée, ce qui lui confère des propriétés polaires, ce qui signifie qu’un côté de la molécule a une légère charge négative (près de l’oxygène) et l’autre côté a une légère charge positive (près des atomes d’hydrogène). Cette polarité permet à l’eau de former des liaisons hydrogène, ce qui lui confère des caractéristiques uniques telles que :

  • Tension superficielle élevée (les gouttelettes d’eau forment des perles)
  • Solvant universel (dissout de nombreuses substances)
  • Capacité thermique massique élevée (il faut beaucoup d’énergie pour changer la température)
  • La glace flotte sur l’eau (car la glace est moins dense en raison de sa structure moléculaire sous forme solide)
  • L’eau est essentielle à la vie, constituant la base des processus biologiques, du transport des nutriments et de la régulation de la température dans les organismes et l’environnement.

H₂O₂: le peroxyde d’hydrogène

Le peroxyde d’hydrogène, quant à lui, possède deux atomes d’hydrogène et deux atomes d’oxygène. Cet oxygène supplémentaire confère à la molécule des propriétés très différentes de celles de l’eau. Il est très réactif et instable, se décomposant en eau (H₂O) et en oxygène (O₂) au fil du temps, notamment en présence de lumière ou de chaleur.

Voici quelques caractéristiques clés de H₂O₂ :

  • Désinfectant : Grâce à sa capacité à libérer de l’oxygène lors de sa décomposition, il peut tuer les bactéries et les virus, ce qui le rend utile pour nettoyer les plaies.
  • Agent oxydant : Il peut provoquer des réactions d’oxydation, c’est pourquoi il est utilisé pour décolorer les cheveux, nettoyer les surfaces et même dans le carburant des fusées.
  • Hautement réactif : À des concentrations plus élevées, H₂O₂ peut être dangereux, provoquant des brûlures, voire des explosions.

Bien que l’eau et le peroxyde d’hydrogène contiennent les mêmes éléments, l’oxygène supplémentaire contenu dans H₂O₂ le rend beaucoup plus réactif chimiquement et puissant que l’eau, qui est douce et vitale.

Deux hommes entrent dans un bar. L’un commande H₂O l’autre dit « H₂O too» en anglais. Le deuxième meurt, pourquoi ?

Ce monde,

HAKIZIMANA Maurice: II To follow my channel  Whatsapp https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaCyM5ILdQejDYwQ2b2u II To follow me on facebookhttps://www.facebook.com/professormaurice/

2,514 thoughts on “Chimie: H₂O versus H₂O₂

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