Le Trésor sanctionne le ministre rwandais et un haut militant du conflit en République démocratique du Congo
February 20, 2025
Communiqué officiel de: U.S. Department of the Treasury
Source: Official website https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sb0022
WASHINGTON — Aujourd’hui, le Bureau de contrôle des avoirs étrangers (OFAC) du Département du Trésor américain a imposé des sanctions à James Kabarebe (Kabarebe), ministre d’État rwandais chargé de l’intégration régionale. Kabarebe joue un rôle central dans le soutien du Rwanda au Mouvement du 23 mars (M23), un groupe armé désigné par les États-Unis et les Nations Unies (ONU) qui a rapidement étendu son contrôle territorial dans l’est de la République démocratique du Congo (RDC) et est responsable de violations des droits humains. L’OFAC sanctionne également Lawrence Kanyuka Kingston (Kanyuka), membre senior et porte-parole du M23 et de la Congo River Alliance, aux côtés de deux des sociétés de Kanyuka enregistrées au Royaume-Uni et en France. Fin janvier, le M23 et les Forces de défense rwandaises (RDF) ont capturé Goma, la capitale provinciale du Nord-Kivu en RDC, dans une bataille qui a tué des milliers de civils. Le M23 et le RDF ont poursuivi leur progression, s’emparant de l’aéroport de Kavumu, une plaque tournante du transport essentiel dans l’est de la RDC, et occupant la ville de Bukavu, la capitale provinciale de la province du Sud-Kivu. « L’action d’aujourd’hui souligne notre intention de demander des comptes aux principaux responsables et dirigeants comme Kabarebe et Kanyuka, qui facilitent les activités déstabilisatrices du RDF et du M23 dans l’est de la RDC », a déclaré Bradley T. Smith, sous-secrétaire au Trésor par intérim chargé du terrorisme et du renseignement financier. « Les États-Unis restent déterminés à garantir une résolution pacifique de ce conflit. »
JAMES KABAREBE : AU CENTRE DES OPÉRATIONS MILITAIRES ET DE L’EXTRACTION DE MINÉRAUX CRITIQUES EN RDC
James Kabarebe (Kabarebe) est un ancien général du RDF et l’actuel ministre d’État chargé de l’intégration régionale au sein du ministère rwandais des Affaires étrangères. Il est une figure politique et militaire centrale et a joué un rôle clé dans les conflits en RDC au cours des trois dernières décennies.
Kabarebe est l’agent de liaison du gouvernement rwandais auprès du M23 et orchestre le soutien des RDF au groupe armé. En outre, Kabarebe gère une grande partie des revenus générés par le Rwanda et le M23 à partir des ressources minérales de la RDC. Il a coordonné l’exportation des minéraux extraits des sites miniers de la RDC pour une éventuelle exportation depuis le Rwanda.
Kabarebe est désigné conformément à l’E.O. 13413, tel que modifié, pour être responsable ou complice, ou pour s’être engagé, directement ou indirectement, dans des actions ou des politiques qui menacent la paix, la sécurité ou la stabilité de la RDC, dans ou en relation avec la RDC.
M23 : EXPANSION DE LA RÉBELLION ET PROVOQUER UNE CRISE RÉGIONALE
Le M23 est un groupe armé soutenu par le Rwanda qui occupe des parties des provinces du Nord et du Sud-Kivu.
Le groupe armé est apparu pour la première fois en 2012, avant d’être vaincu en 2013 par l’armée congolaise avec l’aide de la Brigade d’intervention de la Force des Nations Unies, pour réapparaître fin 2021 avec l’aide des FDR.
Au cours de ses rébellions, le M23 a perpétré des violations des droits humains, notamment des meurtres, des attaques contre des civils et des violences sexuelles.
Les actions du M23 ont entraîné le déplacement massif de civils congolais ; la prise de Goma et Bukavu, grands centres urbains ; et la saisie de Rubaya, l’une des plus grandes zones minières au monde de minéraux essentiels.
Le 8 juillet 2024, le Département d’État américain a publié une déclaration concernant les chaînes d’approvisionnement en minéraux qui contribuent à l’instabilité actuelle dans l’est de la RDC.
L’OFAC a désigné M23 le 3 janvier 2013, conformément à l’E.O. 13413, pour avoir commis de graves violations du droit international impliquant le ciblage d’enfants dans des situations de conflit armé en RDC, notamment le meurtre et la mutilation de civils, les violences sexuelles, les enlèvements, les déplacements forcés et le fait d’avoir reçu des armes et du matériel connexe, y compris des avions et équipements militaires, ou des conseils, une formation ou une assistance, y compris un financement et une assistance financière, liés aux activités militaires en RDC.
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Lawrence Kanyuka Kingston (Kanyuka) est le porte-parole civil du M23 et responsable des relations publiques de l’Alliance du fleuve Congo, une coalition de groupes rebelles sanctionnée par les États-Unis qui cherche à renverser le gouvernement de la RDC. Kanyuka est au cœur de la stratégie de messagerie du M23 et de l’Alliance du fleuve Congo et mène des actions de sensibilisation médiatique et diplomatique en leur nom. Kanyuka est propriétaire de la société Kingston Fresh enregistrée au Royaume-Uni et du cabinet de conseil minier enregistré en France Kingston Holding. Il est désigné conformément à l’E.O. 13413, tel que modifié, pour avoir agi ou prétendu agir pour ou au nom de, directement ou indirectement, M23. Kingston Fresh LTD (Kingston Fresh) est une entreprise de services alimentaires au Royaume-Uni dirigée et détenue par Kanyuka. Kingston Fresh est désigné conformément à l’E.O. 13413, tel que modifié, pour être détenu ou contrôlé par Kanyuka. Kingston Holding est un cabinet de conseil minier basé à Paris, en France, géré et détenu par Kanyuka. Kingston Holding est désigné conformément à l’E.O. 13413, tel que modifié, pour être détenu ou contrôlé par Kanyuka.
IMPLICATIONS DES SANCTIONS
À la suite de l’action d’aujourd’hui, tous les biens et intérêts dans les biens des personnes désignées décrites ci-dessus qui se trouvent aux États-Unis ou en possession ou sous le contrôle de personnes américaines sont bloqués et doivent être signalés à l’OFAC.
En outre, toutes les entités qui appartiennent, directement ou indirectement, individuellement ou globalement, à 50 pour cent ou plus à une ou plusieurs personnes bloquées, sont également bloquées.
Sauf autorisation par une licence générale ou spécifique délivrée par l’OFAC ou exemptée, les sanctions américaines interdisent généralement toutes les transactions effectuées par des personnes américaines ou à l’intérieur (ou en transit) des États-Unis qui impliquent des biens ou des intérêts dans des biens de personnes désignées ou autrement bloquées.
Les violations des sanctions américaines peuvent entraîner l’imposition de sanctions civiles ou pénales à l’encontre de personnes américaines et étrangères.
L’OFAC peut imposer des sanctions civiles en cas de violation des sanctions sur la base de la responsabilité stricte.
Les lignes directrices sur l’application des sanctions économiques de l’OFAC fournissent plus d’informations sur l’application par l’OFAC des sanctions économiques américaines.
En outre, les institutions financières et autres personnes peuvent risquer d’être exposées à des sanctions pour avoir effectué certaines transactions ou activités avec des personnes désignées ou autrement bloquées.
Le pouvoir et l’intégrité des sanctions de l’OFAC découlent non seulement de la capacité de l’OFAC à désigner et à ajouter des personnes à la liste SDN, mais également de sa volonté de retirer des personnes de la liste SDN conformément à la loi.
Le but ultime des sanctions n’est pas de punir, mais de provoquer un changement positif de comportement.
Pour plus d’informations concernant le processus de demande de suppression d’une liste de l’OFAC, y compris la liste SDN, veuillez vous référer à la foire aux questions 897 de l’OFAC ici et pour soumettre une demande de suppression, cliquez ici.
KABAREBE, James, Rwanda;
Date de naissance 23 décembre 1959 ; POB Rwanda ; alt. POB Ouganda ; nationalité rwandaise; Sexe masculin ; Le passeport PD101127 (Rwanda) expire le 1er juillet 2027 ; alt. Le passeport PD101374 (Rwanda) expire le 14 novembre 2028 ; alt. Passeport RW01119 (Rwanda) (individuel) [DRCONGO] (lié à : M23).
KINGSTON, Lawrence Kanyuka (a.k.a. KANYUKA, Lawrence Kingston),
Nord-Kivu, Congo, République démocratique du ; 12 Rue Chevalier, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés 94210, France ; 66 Cranberry Lane, Londres E16 4PE, Royaume-Uni ; 27 Old Gloucester Street, Londres WC1N 3AX, Royaume-Uni ; Date de naissance 19 juillet 1970 ; POB Kinshasa, Congo, République démocratique du ; nationalité Congo, République démocratique du; alt. nationalité Royaume-Uni; Sexe masculin ; Le passeport 518058784 (Royaume-Uni) expire le 10 juillet 2024 (individuel) [DRCONGO] (lié à : M23).
Ce monde,
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